英国加密监管进入倒计时:FCA 新规有哪些变化?

Foresight NewsPublished on 2026-07-02Last updated on 2026-07-02

Abstract

英国金融行为监管局(FCA)近期发布加密资产监管新规,标志着英国加密监管进入最终规则阶段。新规将广泛加密业务纳入监管,涵盖稳定币发行、托管、交易、借贷、质押等。关键变化包括: * **监管范围扩大**:业务需从注册转向授权,现有注册不自动转换。 * **重要过渡期**:2026年9月30日至2027年2月28日为申请窗口期,期内提交申请的公司可在审查期间继续经营。 * **具体合规要求**: * **资本门槛**:设定了不同业务的最低永久资本要求(如自营交易75万英镑),并要求满足流动资金缓冲。 * **市场行为**:交易平台需遵守市场完整性规则(如防内幕交易)及最佳执行要求。 * **客户资产保护**:托管业务需严格遵守客户资产隔离、对账和私钥管理规则。 * **消费者保护**:加密借贷需进行适当性测试、披露,并提供负余额保护;质押服务需明确披露并获客户同意。 * **稳定币监管**:要求足额资产支持、T+1面值赎回,并对储备资产的流动性和构成(分核心与扩展资产)提出具体要求。具有系统重要性的稳定币可能由FCA与英国央行联合监管。 新规旨在建立更完善的金融监管框架,但FCA强调其并未消除加密资产本身的投机风险。到2027年10月25日新规全面生效时,合规能力将成为企业在英国市场运营的关键。


撰文:KarenZ,Foresight News


一张倒计时表,正在改写英国加密市场。


如果一家平台在英国帮用户买币、撮合交易、托管资产,或者发行稳定币,它接下来面对的核心问题会很直接:业务是否进入 FCA 的新监管范围?是否需要申请授权?能不能在申请审查期间继续经营?


2026 年 6 月底,英国金融行为监管局(FCA)发布一组加密资产监管政策声明,覆盖稳定币发行、托管、交易平台、中介、质押、借贷、市场滥用、信息披露、审慎资本和 FCA 手册适用等内容。


按照 FCA 的 Crypto Roadmap,这意味着英国加密监管从多年咨询进入最终规则阶段。


从注册走向授权


英国此前已经在管加密行业,但边界相对有限。自 2020 年 1 月起,在英国经营的加密资产交易服务提供商和托管钱包提供商,需要根据反洗钱法规向 FCA 注册;2023 年,金融推广规则开始适用于加密资产营销。


这次变化更进一步。FCA 称,英国已于 2026 年 2 月 4 日经议会通过《2026 年金融服务和市场法(加密资产)条例》(《Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Cryptoassets) Regulations 2026》,把更广范围的加密资产业务首次纳入 FCA 监管边界。新制度下,完整的受监管活动范围将从 2027 年 10 月 25 日起扩展。


这套制度涉及的主体并不少。FCA 列出的相关业务包括:发行合格稳定币、托管加密资产、运营合格加密资产交易平台、以自营或代理方式交易合格加密资产、安排合格加密资产交易服务(包括加密借贷)、安排合格加密资产质押服务等。


换句话说,在针对 Crypto 的监管方面,英国监管瞄准的不是某一个环节。发行、交易、撮合、经纪、托管、质押、借贷,只要业务落入新制度定义,就可能需要进入 FCA 授权体系。


最关键的窗口,关系到能否边审边做


对已经在英国市场经营的加密公司来说,最需要盯住的是 2026 年 9 月 30 日至 2027 年 2 月 28 日。


FCA 称,如果公司希望依赖 savings provisions,也就是过渡保留条款,申请窗口计划于 2026 年 9 月 30 日开放,并于 2027 年 2 月 28 日关闭。符合条件并在窗口内提交申请的公司,可以在 FCA 作出决定前继续开展指定活动。


这不是一个普通日期提醒。它决定的是存量公司能否在等待授权审查时继续经营。错过窗口,公司可能失去过渡期内继续开展相关业务的保护。


FCA 还明确表示,现有注册不会自动转换。当前根据 《2000 年金融服务与市场法》(FSMA)、《反洗钱条例》注册,或根据支付服务、电子货币规则获授权,以及依赖 FSMA 第 21 条授权的金融推广批准人,如果业务落入新的受监管加密资产业务范围,仍需要取得相应授权。


这会迫使不少公司重新梳理业务边界。过去能在反洗钱注册或金融推广规则下运营的模式,进入新制度后未必足够。公司要先判断自己是否落入监管范围,再准备授权申请、资本安排、风控体系和客户资产保护机制。


牌照之外,还有资本和风控门槛


拿到授权不是唯一问题。FCA 这次把很多过去容易停留在口号里的合规要求,拆成了更具体的规则。


在审慎资本方面,PS26/12 给出了不同业务的永久最低资本要求。自营交易合格加密资产的公司为 75 万英镑;发行合格稳定币为 35 万英镑;托管加密资产、提供合格加密资产质押服务、运营合格加密资产交易平台为 15 万英镑;代理交易和安排交易为 7.5 万英镑。



这些数字看起来不高,不过只是底线。FCA 说明,企业最低自有资金要求取三者中的最高值:永久最低资本要求、固定开支要求和 K-factor 要求。永久最低资本是基线,K-factor 会根据业务活动规模和风险暴露进一步计算。FCA 也强调,永久最低资本是授权门槛,企业不能先拿授权,再在授权后分阶段补足。


FCA 还引入了基础流动资产要求。相关公司需要持有核心流动资产,金额等于固定开支要求的三分之一,加上向客户提供担保总额的 1.6%。这笔流动性缓冲的用途很现实:公司不能只在账面上满足资本要求,还要在压力情境下有足够流动资产支撑运营、退出或处理客户相关义务。


交易平台和中介也要面对更细致的市场行为规则。FCA 在新闻稿中称,新框架将引入市场完整性规则,覆盖内幕交易、市场操纵等领域;在制度总览中,FCA 还把交易平台和中介纳入 PS26/11 的活动规则范围,并特别提到最佳执行、多个执行场所价格检查等要求。PS26/11 进一步规定,相关公司需要建立客户订单处理程序,确保客户订单得到及时、公平、迅速执行,并在可能情况下参考至少 3 个可靠的英国授权执行场所进行价格检查。


如果可执行该订单的英国授权场所少于 3 个,就检查现有可用场所。FCA 同时强调,这不是逐笔交易的机械比价,也不要求订单只能在被检查的 3 个场所成交。它要求公司用可靠价格来源校验自己的执行政策,并能证明其给客户带来的执行结果至少不差于可比较情况下这些英国授权场所的结果。


托管业务的重点则是客户资产保护。FCA 在 PS26/11 中确认,将对客户加密资产适用 CASS 17 保护要求,规则重点包括所有权、记录保存、资产对账和私钥管理。简而言之,就是平台不能只说「资产在链上很透明」,还要证明自己知道哪些资产属于哪些客户?账本和链上资产能否对得上?私钥控制不会因为内部流程或外部攻击失控。


FCA 的成本收益分析给了一个更直观的数字:其估算,托管保护规则可每年为消费者避免约 6000 万英镑的损失。


借贷和质押也被纳入更细的消费者保护框架。对加密借贷,FCA 保留了面向零售客户的核心保护要求,包括强化披露、客户同意、适当性测试、记录保存、超额抵押和负余额保护。所谓负余额保护,是指零售客户在加密借款中承担的损失,不应超过其专门为该借款提供的抵押品市场价值。


对质押服务,FCA 保留披露、合同条款、客户同意和记录保存要求,但对自动质押安排作出调整,允许客户同意覆盖当前和未来持仓的持续质押,前提是满足相关条件并进行年度通知。


稳定币被放在支付想象力旁


稳定币是这套监管框架中被单独处理的一类业务。


FCA 称,英国发行的合格稳定币将被要求足额支持,并可按面值赎回,以支持其作为「类货币工具」的使用。


PS26/10 的核心,是让稳定币发行人围绕支持资产、赎回、披露和资产保护建立一套可审查的机制。FCA 最终规则要求,英国稳定币发行人必须从稳定币被铸造开始就为其提供足额支持,包括发行人自己持有的代币;已永久销毁的代币则不再需要支持资产覆盖。FCA 给出的理由很直接:稳定币具有可流通性,如果未支持的代币进入市场,可能削弱市场对其 1:1 锚定能力的信心。


赎回方面,FCA 要求英国稳定币发行人提供按面值赎回的权利,并在 T+1 时间框架内完成赎回。不过最终规则调整了时间起点:T+1 不再从完整赎回请求开始计算,而是从发行人收到被赎回稳定币进入其钱包时开始计算。这样,AML/KYC 检查可在 T+1 之前完成,避免把反洗钱审查挤进赎回时限内。


支持资产方面,FCA 把稳定币储备分成两层:核心支持资产(core backing assets) 和扩展支持资产(expanded backing assets)。


核心支持资产包括活期存款和短期政府债务工具;扩展支持资产则包括长期政府债务工具、公共债务类 CNAV 货币市场基金份额,以及期限不超过 7 天、以政府债务工具为标的的回购或逆回购安排。


FCA 对流动性设了两道要求:第一,发行人必须满足 ODDR(On-demand Deposit Requirement,活期存款要求),即至少将支持资产池的 5% 持有为活期存款;第二,发行人还必须满足 CBAR(Core Backing Asset Requirement,核心支持资产要求),即额外持有一定比例的核心支持资产,比例取 5% 与过去 180 个赎回日最高单日赎回比例二者中的较高者。用于满足 ODDR 的活期存款,不能同时用于满足 CBAR。


这个设计的重点,是避免发行人为了收益配置更多长期或复杂资产,却在用户集中赎回时拿不出足够高流动性资产。


除此之外,这背后有一个更大的监管分工。FCA 和英国央行同日发布联合说明,解释系统性稳定币发行人的监管路径。「一般英国稳定币发行方」由 FCA 监管;如果某个英国稳定币发行方被英国财政部认定具有「系统重要性」,可能从 FCA 单独监管转向 FCA 与英国央行的联合监管。


PS26/10 还提到,英国央行规则草案中,系统性稳定币支持资产构成可能转向最高 70% 的剩余期限不足 6 个月英国主权债务,以及至少 30% 的央行存款;单个稳定币还可能适用 400 亿英镑的临时发行上限,并要求 T+0 赎回。


这说明英国并没有把稳定币只当作交易所里的计价工具。只要它继续靠近支付和结算场景,监管关注点就会从投资风险扩展到储备安全、赎回稳定性和金融基础设施可靠性。


小结


FCA 仍然提醒,绝大多数加密资产具有高度投机性,消费者可能损失全部本金。新规则不会消除这类风险,也没有给加密资产背书。它改变的是另一件事:英国开始用更完整的金融监管语言处理加密业务。


新框架下,Crypto 相关公司还要证明资本是否足够、客户资产如何保护、交易执行是否公平、稳定币能否按规则赎回,以及风险失控时由谁负责。


到 2027 年 10 月 25 日,倒计时结束时,真正能留下来的,是那些能把业务边界、客户资产、资本缓冲和风险责任都讲清楚的公司。

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Related Questions

Q英国金融行为监管局(FCA)新规对加密公司设置了什么样的过渡期安排?

AFCA设置了过渡保留条款。符合条件的现有公司需要在2026年9月30日至2027年2月28日的窗口期内提交授权申请。在此期间内提交申请的公司,可以在FCA作出最终决定前继续开展指定业务活动。错过这个窗口期,公司可能失去在过渡期内继续经营的保护。

Q根据FCA新规,哪些具体的加密资产业务活动将被纳入其监管范围?

AFCA新规将广泛的加密资产业务首次纳入监管,具体包括:发行合格的稳定币、托管加密资产、运营合格的加密资产交易平台、以自营或代理方式交易合格加密资产、安排合格加密资产交易服务(包括加密借贷)、以及安排合格加密资产质押服务等。这意味着从发行、交易、托管到质押、借贷的多个环节都可能需要FCA授权。

QFCA新规对从事不同加密业务的公司设置了怎样的永久最低资本要求?

AFCA针对不同业务类型设定了不同的永久最低资本要求基线:从事自营交易合格加密资产的公司为75万英镑;发行合格稳定币为35万英镑;托管加密资产、提供合格加密资产质押服务、运营合格加密资产交易平台为15万英镑;代理交易和安排交易为7.5万英镑。需要注意的是,这只是底线要求,企业最终的自有资金要求还需与固定开支要求和K-factor要求三者取最高值。

QFCA新规如何对稳定币的储备资产进行管理,以确保其兑付能力?

AFCA将稳定币的支持资产分为两层:核心支持资产(包括活期存款和短期政府债务工具)和扩展支持资产(包括长期政府债务工具等)。同时设置了两道流动性要求:1. 活期存款要求:至少将支持资产池的5%持有为活期存款。2. 核心支持资产要求:额外持有一定比例的核心支持资产,比例为5%与过去180天内最高单日赎回比例两者中的较高者。用于满足活期存款要求的资产不能重复计算用于满足核心支持资产要求,以防止赎回挤兑。

Q对于交易平台和中介,FCA在市场行为和交易执行方面提出了哪些新要求?

AFCA引入了市场完整性规则,覆盖内幕交易、市场操纵等领域。在交易执行方面,要求公司建立客户订单处理程序,确保订单得到及时、公平、迅速的执行。公司需要在可能情况下参考至少3个可靠的英国授权执行场所进行价格检查,以证明其执行结果至少不差于这些场所。如果可执行场所少于3个,则检查所有可用场所。这并非要求订单必须在这些场所成交,而是要求以可靠价格校验自己的执行政策。

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Doge Matrix ($doge m): The New Breed of Community-Driven Cryptocurrency Introduction In the ever-evolving landscape of cryptocurrency, new projects constantly emerge, each aiming to capture the interest of investors and enthusiasts alike. One of the latest entrants to this domain is Doge Matrix, represented by the ticker symbol $doge m. This project has attracted attention thanks to its roots in the popular meme culture surrounding Dogecoin, establishing its place within the web3 space. This article aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of Doge Matrix, covering its overview, creator, investors, functionality, timeline, and notable aspects. What is Doge Matrix ($doge m)? Doge Matrix is a community-driven cryptocurrency project that seemingly builds upon the widespread appeal of Dogecoin, a digital currency known for its Shiba Inu mascot and its meme origins. While the overarching objectives of Doge Matrix are not extensively defined, it is characterised by a commitment to harnessing community involvement and support. Unlike traditional cryptocurrencies that often emphasise utility or intrinsic value through underlying technologies, Doge Matrix positions itself within a space that embraces the cultural phenomenon of cryptocurrencies, particularly appealing to those who resonate with the ethos of meme-based assets. Drawing on the strengths of the Dogecoin community, Doge Matrix operates as part of a broader ecosystem, inviting participation and engagement from users who share an interest in cryptocurrency and the digital landscape. Who is the Creator of Doge Matrix ($doge m)? The identity of the creator of Doge Matrix remains unknown. This lack of transparency is not an uncommon occurrence in the cryptocurrency space, where some projects are launched without revealing the identities of their founders. The absence of information regarding the founding team can raise questions among potential investors about the project’s accountability and direction. Who are the Investors of Doge Matrix ($doge m)? As it stands, there is no publicly available information detailing the investors or investment foundations that back Doge Matrix. The project appears to rely primarily on community support rather than institutional investment. This model aligns with the community-driven nature of the initiative, fostering an environment where the direction of the project is shaped by its participants rather than being dictated by a select few financial backers. How Does Doge Matrix ($doge m) Work? The specifics regarding the operational mechanisms of Doge Matrix are somewhat vague, reflecting a broader trend of projects in the meme coin space where innovative functionalities are not always clearly articulated. Nonetheless, Doge Matrix seems designed to tap into the existing cryptocurrency ecosystem by encouraging user participation while tapping into the familiar cultural references associated with Dogecoin. Its potentially unique characteristics derive from community interactions rather than technological advancements, emphasising shared experiences and collaboration among token holders. While the exact innovations have not been explicitly outlined, the project appears to create a space where community members can engage, share ideas, and propel the project's potential forward. Timeline of Doge Matrix ($doge m) Reflecting on the project’s timeline reveals notable events that have defined its journey thus far: November 25, 2024: Doge Matrix reached its all-time high value, marking a significant milestone in its early history. January 1, 2025: Conversely, Doge Matrix hit its all-time low value, illustrating the volatility often associated with cryptocurrencies, especially in the early stages of a project's lifecycle. Ongoing: The project continues to be actively traded and supported by its community, although specific future milestones or objectives have yet to be disclosed. Key Points About Doge Matrix ($doge m) Community Focus At the heart of Doge Matrix is a commitment to community engagement. The project thrives on the premise of collaboration and shared objectives among its members, emphasising the importance of collective effort. Unlike centralised projects that often have a defined leadership structure, Doge Matrix at present showcases a more fluid approach to governance, where every community member's voice matters. Volatility The cryptocurrency market is notorious for its volatility, and Doge Matrix is no exception. Its price history reflects significant fluctuations between high and low values, which is typical of many new cryptocurrencies but underscores the risks associated with investment in emerging tokens. Lack of Detailed Information One of the most striking features about Doge Matrix is the scarcity of detailed information regarding its technological underpinnings and operational mechanisms. This ambiguity necessitates that potential investors conduct thorough due diligence before engaging with the project. Conclusion In summary, Doge Matrix ($doge m) illustrates a new wave of cryptocurrency projects that lean heavily on community engagement and cultural relevance. While lacking in certain specifics—such as clear leadership, defined objectives, and detailed functionality—the project has managed to generate interest within the crypto community, leveraging the established appeal of meme culture. As with any investment in the cryptocurrency space, understanding the inherent risks and conducting comprehensive research is essential for potential participants. Doge Matrix stands as a reminder of the dynamic, sometimes unpredictable nature of the crypto industry, marked by constant evolution and enthusiasm for community-driven initiatives.

550 Total ViewsPublished 2025.02.03Updated 2025.02.03

What is DOGE M

What is $M

Understanding Mantis ($M): A New Era in Cross-Chain Interoperability In the continually evolving landscape of Web3 and cryptocurrency, new projects strive to offer innovative solutions aimed at enhancing the user experience and expanding functional possibilities within the decentralised financial ecosystem. One such project garnering attention is Mantis ($M), a pioneering protocol founded on the principles of cross-chain interoperability and intent-based settlements. This article delves into the essential aspects of Mantis, including its core functionality, creators, investment backing, innovative features, and critical milestones. What is Mantis ($M)? Mantis is described as a multi-domain intent settlement protocol that simplifies cross-chain interactions, enabling users to execute complex financial transactions across various blockchain platforms seamlessly. The protocol operates through three primary layers: Intent Expression: Users can articulate their transaction goals using natural language facilitated by the DISE LLM, an advanced AI language model. For instance, a user might express a desire to swap Ethereum (ETH) for Solana (SOL) with a specific slippage tolerance of 1%. Execution: This layer employs a network of solvers that compete to fulfil user intents. Transactions are executed using mechanisms such as Coincidence of Wants (CoWs) and Order Flow Auctions (OFAs), which ensure that user demands are met optimally. Settlement: Leveraging the Inter-Blockchain Communication (IBC) protocol, Mantis enables atomic cross-chain transactions, allowing users to operate across various supported chains, including Ethereum, Solana, and Cosmos. Mantis is engineered to introduce native yield generation for idle assets, employing cryptographic proofs to maintain the integrity of transactions throughout the entire process. Creators & Development Team Mantis was conceived by the Composable Foundation, a research-driven organisation notable for its emphasis on blockchain interoperability solutions. This foundation collaborates with esteemed academic institutions, including Harvard University and the University of Lisbon, contributing to extensive research and development efforts that inform Mantis's architecture and functionality. The Composable Foundation’s commitment to fostering innovation in the blockchain space positions Mantis as a robust solution for the growing demand for interoperability among multiple blockchain networks. Investors & Backing While specific details about individual investors have not been publicly disclosed, Mantis enjoys substantial backing from various entities, including: Ecosystem grants from IBC-enabled chains, which support the protocol's growth and integration within decentralised finance ecosystems. Strategic partnerships with infrastructure providers that enhance Mantis's network capabilities and deployment strategies. Funding through the Composable Foundation's treasury, ensuring sustained financial support for ongoing development and operational costs. These collaborative efforts reflect a consensus among stakeholders about the importance of enhancing cross-chain functionality and the potential utility of Mantis's infrastructural innovations. Key Innovations Mantis sets itself apart through several pioneering innovations that enhance its functionality and utility: Chain-Agnostic Intents: Users can initiate transactions from any supported chain while settling on another. This flexibility empowers users, driving increased interaction among different platforms. AI-Powered Interface: The integration of DISE LLM allows users to conduct complex DeFi operations using natural language, thereby simplifying interactions and making blockchain technology accessible to a broader audience. Cross-Domain MEV Capture: Mantis creates an internal market for maximal extractable value (MEV) through competitions among solvers. This innovative approach allows for greater efficiency and value extraction in complex transactions. Modular Settlement Layer: The protocol supports various verification methods, including zero-knowledge proofs and optimistic rollups, providing a versatile framework that can adapt to emerging blockchain technologies. Historical Timeline Mantis's development is marked by several critical milestones that chart its trajectory and growth: | Year | Milestone | |————|————————————————————————-| | 2022 | Initial concept development within the Composable Foundation's research division. | | Q3 2024 | Launch of the testnet with bridging capabilities between Solana and Ethereum. | | Q1 2025 | Anticipated Token Generation Event (TGE) alongside the mainnet launch. | | Q2 2025 | Expected integration of DISE LLM and expansion of cross-chain capabilities. | | 2025 H2 | Planned support for over 15 chains through further IBC upgrades. | This timeline outlines Mantis's evolution, from conceptual discussions to active implementation and future growth phases. Ecosystem Growth Strategy Mantis's strategy for ecosystem growth includes several initiatives designed to encourage user participation and developer engagement: Credits System: Users can earn protocol credits by providing liquidity and engaging in referral programmes. These credits are redeemable for incentives in the future, fostering a robust user community. Modular Software Development Kit (SDK): This toolkit empowers developers to create applications based on intent-driven models utilising Mantis's infrastructure, thus promoting innovation within its ecosystem. Governance Model: As the protocol matures, $M token holders will have a voice in protocol governance, allowing them to vote on proposed upgrades and changes, thereby enhancing community engagement and decentralisation. Mantis represents a significant advancement in the realm of cross-chain architecture. By seamlessly integrating advanced AI algorithms with a robust settlement framework, Mantis seeks to tackle the problems of fragmentation within multi-chain ecosystems. Its innovative approach prioritises improved user experiences while adhering to the foundational principles of decentralisation and security, setting a new standard for the future interoperability of blockchain technologies. As Mantis continues its journey of growth and implementation, it promises to be a project to watch closely in the competitive landscape of Web3 and decentralised finance. With its focus on crossing boundaries and elevating user engagement, Mantis is poised to be an integral part of the future developments in the cryptocurrency space.

73 Total ViewsPublished 2025.03.18Updated 2025.03.18

What is $M

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