Blok Dovish di Fed Secara Kolektif Beralih ke Hawkish, Debut Warsh 'Dilematis'

marsbitPublished on 2026-06-17Last updated on 2026-06-17

Abstract

Para pembuat kebijakan di Federal Reserve (Fed) yang sebelumnya mendukung suku bunga rendah (dovish), termasuk Christopher Waller, baru-baru ini menyatakan mereka tidak menutup kemungkinan untuk menaikkan suku bunga. Hampir tidak ada anggota Komite yang masih menganjurkan pemotongan suku bunga. Pertemuan pertama yang dipimpin oleh Ketua baru Fed, Kevin Warsh, diperkirakan akan mengirimkan sinyal bahwa langkah berikutnya Fed mungkin adalah kenaikan suku bunga. Warsh, yang diangkat oleh Presiden Trump karena posisinya yang mendukung pemotongan suku bunga tahun lalu, kini menghadapi situasi yang sulit. Inflasi AS terus melampaui 3%, pasar tenaga kerja menguat, dan tekanan dari harga minyak serta hambatan pasokan mendorong kenaikan harga. Alasan-alasan yang mendasari ekspektasi pemotongan suku bunga satu per satu menghilang. Pergeseran sikap ini terlihat jelas. Waller, yang sebelumnya mendukung pemotongan, kini mengatakan dia tidak dapat lagi mengesampingkan kemungkinan kenaikan suku bunga di masa depan. Anggota dewan lain seperti Lisa Cook juga mulai bersikap terbuka terhadap opsi kenaikan jika inflasi tidak turun tepat waktu. Sementara itu, anggota yang lebih hawkish seperti Beth Hammack dan Lorie Logan telah lama mempertanyakan perlunya pemotongan dan sekarang mengkhawatirkan perlunya kenaikan suku bunga jika tren saat ini berlanjut. Pada pertemuan mendatang, Fed diperkirakan akan mempertahankan suku bunga namun menghapus bahasa 'bias longgar' dari pernyataannya, yang menyi...

Penulis: Long Yue

Sumber: Wall Street News

Pejabat 'dovish' di internal Fed yang sebelumnya bersikeras menurunkan suku bunga, termasuk Waller dan lainnya, baru-baru ini secara berturut-turut menyatakan tidak menutup kemungkinan untuk menaikkan suku bunga. Hampir tidak ada lagi anggota komite yang mengadvokasi penurunan suku bunga. Pertunjukan perdana yang dipimpin Warsh ini kemungkinan akan mengirimkan sebuah sinyal—langkah selanjutnya Fed mungkin adalah kenaikan suku bunga.

Trump memilih dia untuk menurunkan suku bunga. Tak lama setelah dia menjabat, rekan-rekannya justru mulai membahas kenaikan suku bunga.

The Wall Street Journal baru-baru ini menerbitkan laporan mendalam yang ditulis oleh wartawan senior Nick Timiraos. Waktu penerbitannya bertepatan dengan menjelang pertemuan suku bunga pertama yang dipimpin oleh ketua baru Fed, Kevin Warsh. Timiraos telah lama berkecimpung dalam peliputan tentang Fed dan dipandang pasar sebagai 'corong Fed'.

Timiraos menulis, Warsh memasuki ruang pertemuan itu pada momen yang sangat canggung. Tahun lalu, dia secara terbuka mengadvokasi penurunan suku bunga, dan justru karena posisi inilah dia mendapatkan dukungan Trump. Namun, tak lama setelah dia resmi menjabat, arah diskusi internal Fed telah berbalik diam-diam—bukan lagi 'kapan turun', melainkan 'apakah harus naik'.

Pembalikan ini bukanlah hal yang tiba-tiba. Sejak awal tahun, inflasi AS tidak turun malah naik, telah menembus 3%; pasar tenaga kerja kembali menguat; hambatan pasokan dari demam konstruksi AI dan kenaikan harga minyak akibat perang Iran terus menambah bensin pada kenaikan harga. Alasan-alasan yang sebelumnya mendukung ekspektasi penurunan suku bunga, satu per satu, menghilang.

Yang dihadapi Warsh adalah sebuah komite yang bukan dia bentuk sendiri, serangkaian alat prediksi yang telah lama dia kritik, serta arah kebijakan yang bertentangan dengan keinginan presiden yang menunjuknya. Pertunjukan perdana ini, sudah pasti tidak akan mudah.

Bagaimana Dovish Beralih Menjadi Hawkish?

Yang paling menggambarkan masalah adalah perubahan sikap anggota Dewan Gubernur Fed, Christopher Waller.

Waller sepanjang tahun lalu khawatir dengan pelemahan pasar tenaga kerja, bahkan pada Januari tahun ini dia menentang mayoritas rekan dan memberikan suara mendukung penurunan suku bunga. Namun, baru-baru ini, dia secara terbuka menyatakan, data terbaru "mendorong saya ke arah yang berlawanan". Dia dengan jelas menyatakan dukungan untuk menghapus 'kecenderungan akomodatif' dari pernyataan, dan tegas berkata: "Saya tidak bisa lagi menutup kemungkinan kenaikan suku bunga di masa depan."

Terhadap masih adanya pembahasan mengenai penurunan suku bunga di bulan September di pasar, respon Waller cukup gamblang: "Sebagai pejabat bank sentral yang serius, kamu tidak bisa serius membicarakan hal ini."

Pihak Tengah Juga Mulai Goyah

Jika Waller mewakili pergeseran pihak dovish, maka perubahan anggota Dewan Gubernur Lisa Cook menunjukkan bahwa bahkan 'wilayah tengah' pun mulai goyah.

Cook bukan pihak hawkish. Bulan lalu dia masih menyatakan bahwa mempertahankan suku bunga tidak berubah adalah pilihan yang tepat, dan skenario dasarnya tetap adalah inflasi akan turun dengan sendirinya. Namun, dia menambahkan sebuah syarat—syarat yang hampir mustahil muncul dari dirinya setahun yang lalu: Dia mengatakan, jika penurunan inflasi "tidak muncul tepat waktu", dia "sudah siap untuk menaikkan suku bunga".

Kekhawatiran di baliknya adalah inflasi yang terus berada di atas target selama lima tahun, mungkin sudah mulai mempengaruhi cara perusahaan dan pekerja dalam menetapkan harga dan merundingkan upah, membentuk ekspektasi yang saling menguatkan.

Pihak Hawkish Sudah Lama Menunggu Hari Ini

Pihak hawkish di dalam komite, sebenarnya sudah lama tidak puas.

Ketika Fed menurunkan suku bunga akhir tahun lalu, Presiden Fed Cleveland Beth Hammack, Presiden Fed Dallas Lorie Logan, dan Presiden Fed Minneapolis Neel Kashkari sempat mengajukan keberatan atas keputusan penurunan suku bunga, dengan alasan bahwa dasar untuk melonggarkan moneter sudah lemah dari awal.

April tahun ini, ketiganya kembali bersatu, kali ini mereka menentang bukan keputusan suku bunga itu sendiri, melainkan frasa dalam pernyataan yang mengisyaratkan "langkah selanjutnya kemungkinan besar adalah penurunan suku bunga"—mereka meminta untuk dihapus, guna menunjukkan bahwa kenaikan suku bunga juga merupakan opsi yang mungkin.

Kini, data semakin condong ke arah mereka. Hammack bulan ini menyatakan, saat ini mempertahankan status quo adalah masuk akal, "tetapi jika tren terkini berlanjut, mungkin segera diperlukan tindakan". Logan melangkah lebih jauh: "Saya semakin khawatir, mungkin perlu menaikkan suku bunga menjelang akhir tahun ini."

Pihak hawkish juga mengemukakan sebuah argumen yang patut diperhatikan: seiring dengan naiknya inflasi, suku bunga 'riil' yang disesuaikan inflasi sebenarnya sedang turun, ini berarti tingkat pembatasan kebijakan Fed terhadap ekonomi, mungkin lebih rendah daripada yang ditunjukkan angka permukaan. Dengan kata lain, sekadar 'diam di tempat', dalam arti tertentu sudah merupakan pelonggaran.

Dilema yang Dihadapi Warsh

Rabu minggu ini, Fed diperkirakan akan mempertahankan suku bunga acuan pada kisaran 3,5% hingga 3,75% tidak berubah. Namun, hal yang sebenarnya menjadi sorotan, ada di dua tempat.

Pertama, redaksional pernyataan. Frasa 'kecenderungan akomodatif' yang dipertahankan selama beberapa bulan—mengisyaratkan langkah selanjutnya kemungkinan besar adalah penurunan suku bunga—diperkirakan akan dihapus, yang berarti kemungkinan penurunan dan kenaikan suku bunga telah dianggap setara.

Kedua, 'dot plot' triwulanan. Pada Maret tahun ini, masih ada belasan pejabat yang memperkirakan setidaknya satu kali penurunan suku bunga tahun ini. Kali ini, diperkirakan mayoritas pejabat akan menunjukkan tidak ada perubahan sepanjang tahun, bahkan mungkin ada yang menandai kenaikan suku bunga pada plot tersebut.

Warsh sendiri telah lama mengkritik ketergantungan Fed yang berlebihan pada 'forward guidance', termasuk alat seperti dot plot. Dia dapat memilih untuk tidak mengajukan prediksinya sendiri, atau menghilangkan isyarat terkait dari pernyataan resmi. Namun, Timiraos mencatat, perbedaan dalam operasional semacam ini, bagi investor artinya tidak besar—mereka akan langsung membaca substansinya. Yang benar-benar memperhatikan perbedaan semacam ini adalah presiden yang ingin melihat suku bunga rendah.

Pernyataan Presiden Fed Chicago Austan Goolsbee bulan lalu mungkin paling bisa menggambarkan situasi saat ini: "Sekarang kita menghadapi masalah inflasi yang cukup serius sedang terbentuk, namun pasar tenaga kerja pada dasarnya stabil."

Hasilnya adalah: hampir tidak ada lagi anggota komite yang mengadvokasi penurunan suku bunga. Pertunjukan perdana yang dipimpin Warsh ini kemungkinan akan mengirimkan sebuah sinyal—langkah selanjutnya Fed mungkin adalah kenaikan suku bunga. Dan semua ini, akan disampaikan melalui alat-alat yang telah lama dia kritik, oleh komite yang bukan dia pilih sendiri, menuju arah yang tidak diharapkan oleh orang yang menunjuknya.

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Related Questions

QApa yang menyebabkan banyak anggota Komite Fed berubah dari dovish menjadi hawkish dalam pandangan kebijakan moneter?

APerubahan sikap tersebut terutama disebabkan oleh inflasi AS yang terus meningkat (melebihi 3%), pasar tenaga kerja yang kembali menguat, serta tekanan inflasi berkelanjutan dari hambatan pasokan akibat pembangunan AI dan kenaikan harga minyak yang didorong perang Iran. Faktor-faktor ini mengikis alasan untuk mempertimbangkan penurunan suku bunga.

QSiapa saja pejabat Fed yang awalnya dovish namun kini mulai membuka kemungkinan kenaikan suku bunga, dan apa pernyataan mereka?

ADua contoh utama adalah Christopher Waller, yang mengatakan data terbaru mendorongnya ke arah lain dan dia tidak bisa lagi mengesampingkan kemungkinan kenaikan suku bunga di masa depan, serta Lisa Cook yang menyatakan siap menaikkan suku bunga jika inflasi tidak turun tepat waktu. Beth Hammack, Lorie Logan, dan Neel Kashkari juga semakin vokal tentang kemungkinan kenaikan suku bunga.

QApa arti penghapusan frasa 'dovish bias' (bias longgar) dari pernyataan resmi Federal Reserve?

APenghapusan frasa 'dovish bias' atau kecenderungan melonggar dari pernyataan kebijakan Fed menandakan bahwa Komite sekarang memandang kemungkinan penurunan suku bunga dan kenaikan suku bunga sebagai pilihan yang setara. Ini adalah perubahan retorika yang signifikan dari bias sebelumnya yang mengarah pada pelonggaran.

QApa dilema utama yang dihadapi oleh Ketua Fed yang baru, Kevin Warsh, dalam pertemuan kebijakan moneter pertamanya?

ADilema utama Kevin Warsh adalah dia diangkat oleh Presiden Trump karena pandangan dovish-nya yang mendukung penurunan suku bunga, tetapi dia harus memimpin komite yang mayoritas justru mulai membahas kemungkinan kenaikan suku bunga. Dia juga harus menggunakan alat-alat (seperti titik proyeksi 'dot plot') yang telah lama dikritiknya untuk menyampaikan kebijakan yang kemungkinan bertentangan dengan keinginan presiden yang menunjuknya.

QApa poin kunci yang akan dicermati pasar dari pertemuan Federal Reserve minggu ini?

APasar akan sangat memperhatikan dua hal: (1) Perubahan bahasa dalam pernyataan resmi, terutama penghapusan frasa 'dovish bias' yang mengisyaratkan penurunan suku bunga. (2) Hasil 'dot plot' atau proyeksi suku bunga triwulanan, di mana sebagian besar pejabat diperkirakan akan menunjukkan suku bunga tetap sepanjang tahun, dengan beberapa bahkan mungkin menandai kenaikan suku bunga.

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This dual approach empowers it to build a rich repository of domain-specific knowledge, enhancing its performance in task execution. Planning Over Long Task Horizons: Agent S employs experience-augmented hierarchical planning, a strategic approach that facilitates efficient breakdown and execution of intricate tasks. This feature significantly enhances its ability to manage multiple subtasks efficiently and effectively. Handling Dynamic, Non-Uniform Interfaces: The project introduces the Agent-Computer Interface (ACI), an innovative solution that enhances the interaction between agents and users. Utilizing Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), Agent S can navigate and manipulate diverse graphical user interfaces seamlessly. Through these pioneering features, Agent S provides a robust framework that addresses the complexities involved in automating human interaction with machines, setting the stage for myriad applications in AI and beyond. Who is the Creator of Agent S? While the concept of Agent S is fundamentally innovative, specific information about its creator remains elusive. The creator is currently unknown, which highlights either the nascent stage of the project or the strategic choice to keep founding members under wraps. Regardless of anonymity, the focus remains on the framework's capabilities and potential. Who are the Investors of Agent S? As Agent S is relatively new in the cryptographic ecosystem, detailed information regarding its investors and financial backers is not explicitly documented. The lack of publicly available insights into the investment foundations or organisations supporting the project raises questions about its funding structure and development roadmap. Understanding the backing is crucial for gauging the project's sustainability and potential market impact. How Does Agent S Work? At the core of Agent S lies cutting-edge technology that enables it to function effectively in diverse settings. Its operational model is built around several key features: Human-like Computer Interaction: The framework offers advanced AI planning, striving to make interactions with computers more intuitive. By mimicking human behaviour in tasks execution, it promises to elevate user experiences. Narrative Memory: Employed to leverage high-level experiences, Agent S utilises narrative memory to keep track of task histories, thereby enhancing its decision-making processes. Episodic Memory: This feature provides users with step-by-step guidance, allowing the framework to offer contextual support as tasks unfold. Support for OpenACI: With the ability to run locally, Agent S allows users to maintain control over their interactions and workflows, aligning with the decentralised ethos of Web3. Easy Integration with External APIs: Its versatility and compatibility with various AI platforms ensure that Agent S can fit seamlessly into existing technological ecosystems, making it an appealing choice for developers and organisations. These functionalities collectively contribute to Agent S's unique position within the crypto space, as it automates complex, multi-step tasks with minimal human intervention. As the project evolves, its potential applications in Web3 could redefine how digital interactions unfold. Timeline of Agent S The development and milestones of Agent S can be encapsulated in a timeline that highlights its significant events: September 27, 2024: The concept of Agent S was launched in a comprehensive research paper titled “An Open Agentic Framework that Uses Computers Like a Human,” showcasing the groundwork for the project. October 10, 2024: The research paper was made publicly available on arXiv, offering an in-depth exploration of the framework and its performance evaluation based on the OSWorld benchmark. October 12, 2024: A video presentation was released, providing a visual insight into the capabilities and features of Agent S, further engaging potential users and investors. These markers in the timeline not only illustrate the progress of Agent S but also indicate its commitment to transparency and community engagement. Key Points About Agent S As the Agent S framework continues to evolve, several key attributes stand out, underscoring its innovative nature and potential: Innovative Framework: Designed to provide an intuitive use of computers akin to human interaction, Agent S brings a novel approach to task automation. Autonomous Interaction: The ability to interact autonomously with computers through GUI signifies a leap towards more intelligent and efficient computing solutions. Complex Task Automation: With its robust methodology, it can automate complex, multi-step tasks, making processes faster and less error-prone. Continuous Improvement: The learning mechanisms enable Agent S to improve from past experiences, continually enhancing its performance and efficacy. Versatility: Its adaptability across different operating environments like OSWorld and WindowsAgentArena ensures that it can serve a broad range of applications. As Agent S positions itself in the Web3 and crypto landscape, its potential to enhance interaction capabilities and automate processes signifies a significant advancement in AI technologies. Through its innovative framework, Agent S exemplifies the future of digital interactions, promising a more seamless and efficient experience for users across various industries. Conclusion Agent S represents a bold leap forward in the marriage of AI and Web3, with the capacity to redefine how we interact with technology. While still in its early stages, the possibilities for its application are vast and compelling. Through its comprehensive framework addressing critical challenges, Agent S aims to bring autonomous interactions to the forefront of the digital experience. As we move deeper into the realms of cryptocurrency and decentralisation, projects like Agent S will undoubtedly play a crucial role in shaping the future of technology and human-computer collaboration.

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