Bitwise 首席投资官:别杞人忧天了,微策略不会抛售比特币

深潮Published on 2025-12-03Last updated on 2025-12-04

对比特币的坚定信念需要付出代价:当市场出现波动时,需保持冷静和耐心。

撰文:Matt Hougan,Bitwise 首席投资官

编译:Luffy,Foresight News

最近,我的收件箱里塞满了关于比特币储备上市公司微策略(Strategy)的疑问,具体来说,大家主要关心两个问题:

  1. 微策略是否会被移出 MSCI 指数,进而导致其股票被强制抛售?

  2. 微策略是否会被迫出售持有的比特币?

我们来逐一分析。

MSCI 指数与微策略的关联

10 月 10 日,MSCI 宣布正考虑将微策略这类加密资产储备公司(DAT)从其可投资指数中剔除。这意义重大,因为近 17 万亿美元的资产以这些指数为基准。摩根大通测算,如果微策略被移出指数,指数基金可能被迫抛售价值高达 28 亿美元的 MSTR 股票。

你或许会疑惑:MSCI 为何要这么做?它的观点是,微策略这类加密资产储备公司更偏向控股公司,而非经营性公司。MSCI 的可投资指数本就将房地产投资信托基金等控股公司排除在外,而多数加密资产储备公司的业务仅为购买并持有加密资产,因此 MSCI 认为它们不应在指数中占有一席之地。经过与客户的沟通后,MSCI 将于 1 月 15 日公布最终决定。

我无法预判 MSCI 的最终裁定。作为一名资深指数领域研究者,我曾担任学术期刊《指数杂志》的编辑长达十年,我认为此事存在两种可能性。迈克尔・塞勒等人已强硬反驳,称微策略是实打实的经营性公司,不仅拥有稳健的软件业务,还围绕比特币开展了复杂的金融工程操作。这一说法合乎情理,我本人也认同其业务属性。但此事并非板上钉钉,我也能想到部分机构会持相反意见。鉴于加密资产储备公司的争议性,且 MSCI 目前已有剔除意向,我猜测微策略被移出指数的概率至少有 75%。

但我并不认为被移出指数会对其股票造成太大冲击。28 亿美元的抛售规模看似庞大,但从我多年观察指数纳入与剔除事件的经验来看,其实际影响往往比预期小,且会被市场提前消化。例如,去年 12 月微策略纳入纳斯达克 100 指数时,追踪该指数的基金需买入 21 亿美元的 MSTR 股票,但其股价几乎未出现波动。

我认为 10 月 10 日以来 MSTR 股价的小幅下跌,部分原因是市场已提前计入了 「被移出指数」 的预期。不过现阶段,其股价大概率不会出现大幅波动。

从长期来看,MSTR 的价值取决于其战略执行效果,而非指数基金是否被迫持有其股票。

微策略与比特币的持仓

另一个疑问是微策略是否会抛售比特币。看空者的担忧逻辑如下:

  • 微策略被移出 MSCI 指数;

  • 其股价暴跌,跌至远低于资产净值(NAV)的水平;

  • 最终被迫出售比特币。

这个逻辑看似通顺,但遗憾的是它完全站不住脚。MSTR 股价跌破资产净值,不会触发其抛售比特币的行为,你可以自行查阅相关细则并核算。

微策略的债务仅有两项关键履约义务:一是每年需支付约 8 亿美元利息,二是部分债务工具到期时需完成转换或展期。

利息支付短期内无需担忧。公司目前持有 14 亿美元现金,足以轻松支付一年半的利息。

同样,债务转换也非近期难题。首批债务工具 2027 年 2 月才会到期,且规模仅约 10 亿美元,对持有 600 亿美元比特币的微策略而言,这不过是九牛一毛。

如果 MSTR 股价持续走低,内部人士会施压公司抛售比特币吗?可能性极低。迈克尔・塞勒本人掌控着 42% 的投票权股份,你很难再找到比他对比特币长期价值更坚定的人。2022 年 MSTR 股价也曾处于折价状态,当时他就未曾抛售。

我理解空头为何热衷于炒作微策略的 「末日」 论调。如果微策略被迫一次性抛售 600 亿美元比特币,对整个比特币市场的打击将是毁灭性的,其规模相当于比特币 ETF 两年的资金流入量。但鉴于公司 2027 年前无到期债务,且现金足以覆盖可预见的利息支出,这种极端情况绝无可能发生。我们也应从更宏观的视角看待当前局势:撰写本文时,比特币价格约为 9.2 万美元,虽较历史高点下跌 27%,但仍比微策略的比特币平均持仓成本(74,436 美元)高出 24%。所谓的 「末日」,不过是无稽之谈。

结论

如果你真想为加密行业的某些事忧心,其实有不少值得关注的点。比如,我对国会层面市场结构法案的推进速度略感担忧,不过随着政府机构恢复正常运作,我认为法案推进将提速;我也担心部分规模小、运营不善的加密资产储备公司可能会倒闭;同时我预计 2026 年加密资产储备公司不会大举增持比特币,这意味着市场将失去一个重要的近期需求来源。

但对于微策略:

  • 不必担忧 MSCI 的决定对微策略股价的影响,实际冲击远小于多数人预期,且大概率已被市场消化;

  • 短期内不存在任何合理机制会迫使它抛售比特币,这种情况不会发生。

对比特币的坚定信念需要付出代价:当市场出现波动时,需保持冷静和耐心。没人比塞勒和微策略更懂这一点,因为他们同样清楚这份耐心的另一面。长期来看,这份坚守终将获得丰厚回报。

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