当 BTC 财库公司陷入抛售循环,低质量公司或成最后赢家

深潮Published on 2025-11-17Last updated on 2025-11-18

坚定持币的比特币财库公司或最终胜出。

作者:Cheshire Capital

编译:深潮 TechFlow

我想对未来6到12个月内比特币财库公司(BTC Treasury Companies,简称TC)的可能发展路径进行推测:

  1. 初始阶段:10家不同的财库公司持有比特币,并以不同的mNAV(市值净资产倍数)水平交易(从1.0倍到5.0倍不等),此时比特币价格为12万美元。这些公司质量各异(质量由财库规模及领导层的信念与营销能力定义)。

  2. 低质量公司开始抛售:一些低质量的比特币财库公司开始跌破1.0倍 mNAV。对于那些领导者并非比特币坚定信仰者(如Michael Saylor)的公司而言,逻辑上的选择是卖出比特币以回购股票,这在短期内具有增值效应(减少流通股数量的比例高于净资产下降比例)。这些公司能够以12万美元的价格出售部分比特币。

  3. 比特币价格下跌至11.5万美元(现已跌至9万美元左右浮动):由于第2步中的抛售行为,比特币价格开始下跌至11.5万美元。一些其他比特币财库公司,包括之前进行股票回购的公司,由于比特币价格与mNAV的负相关关系,开始以更低的mNAV交易。又有4到5家公司选择卖出比特币以回购股票,这些公司能够以11.5万美元的价格出售比特币。

  4. 市场信心动摇:市场意识到,这10家比特币财库公司中有8到9家实际上是短期资本,它们更关注近期股东利益,而不是长期积累比特币。市场开始预期这些公司可能需要出售其30%-50%的比特币储备(毕竟,甚至连MicroStrategy在2022年最低时也曾跌至约0.5倍mNAV)。比特币价格迅速调整至10万美元,大部分比特币财库公司的mNAV跌至1.0倍以下。

  5. 中等质量公司压力加剧:那些之前犹豫是否出售比特币的中等质量加密财库公司受到市场和股东的压力,开始采取行动以维护其 mNAV。抛售加速,每周约有5亿至10亿美元的比特币卖单进入市场。即使是高质量公司(如MicroStrategy、3350、XXI)也难以通过买入订单来支撑价格,比特币价格跌至9万美元。

  6. 全面崩溃:整个比特币财库公司体系,包括高质量公司,现在都以低于1.0倍 mNAV 交易。MicroStrategy 优先股价格跌至面值的70美分,市场传言 Saylor 可能暂停分红。一些曾被认为是坚定持有比特币的公司(如3350、XXI)开始出售比特币以支付运营成本,比特币价格暴跌至8万美元。

  7. 低质量公司退出市场,抛售加剧:此时,大多数低质量比特币财库公司几乎已完全清空其比特币储备,市场出现早期“接飞刀”的行为。然而,这种反身性循环的危险在于,随着抛售规模和速度的加快,中高质量公司也开始全面投降。最大的比特币持仓开始进入市场,每周抛售规模达到15亿至30亿美元。需注意,非 MicroStrategy 的BTC财库公司总共持有约35万枚比特币,按当前价格约为400亿美元。如果MicroStrategy 被迫参与,这种抛售可能持续相当长时间,并更加惨烈。比特币价格最终跌至7万美元。

如果上述情景发生,可能会有以下结果:

  • 低质量比特币财库公司可能反而获利最佳:由于它们会最早被“迫使”出售比特币。实际上,出售比特币意味着这些公司已经停止了作为财库公司的迭代游戏,转而专注于单次最大化下一轮价值的游戏。然而,哪怕只抛售一次,也会毁掉作为“钻石手”财库公司的声誉,显著减少未来资金流入。

  • 坚定持币的比特币财库公司或最终胜出:如果你相信比特币仍是一个年复合增长率(CAGR)30-40%的资产(我相信!),那些在市场动荡中坚持持有的公司最终会安然度过。目前,我认为只有 Michael Saylor 会竭尽全力守住他的比特币,但也可能还有其他候选者(如3350、NAKA)。尽管如此,在大规模抛售结束之前,没有任何财库公司值得长期看好。

  • 中间层玩家可能遭受最大损失:这类公司通常既不是市场中的“鲨鱼”,也没有足够强的信念,但同时又不是真正的比特币信仰者(如MARA、RIOT、SMLR)。在上述情景中,它们可能会在第(6)至第(7)阶段出售比特币,平均售价约为7.5万美元。

  • 其他资产财库公司的情况:上述逻辑同样适用于其他资产的财库公司,但有一个例外:资产市场中存在双头垄断或寡头垄断的情况。例如,以太坊(ETH)目前符合这一条件,BMNR和SBET持有了财库公司拥有的75%的ETH(如果加上DYNX和BTBT,这一比例达到90%)。这种集中持有允许一定程度上的协调或“共谋”,以避免抛售引发的价格崩盘。虽然这种协议最终可能难以维持,但资产集中度越高,维持协调的可能性就越大。

  • 传统金融的相似案例:最清晰的传统金融类比是银行财团在处理Bill Hwang的Archegos爆仓时的行为。那些迅速行动的激进公司(如高盛、德意志银行)表现远优于试图协调有序清算的落后者(如瑞士信贷、野村证券)。

需要注意的是,我对比特币的目标价格并非7万美元,文中价格仅为说明性用途。

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363 Total ViewsPublished 2025.05.13Updated 2025.05.13

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