六周市值血洗6000亿!比特币跳水考验华尔街拥趸,"持币大户"最近还加码买入

华尔街日报Published on 2025-11-17Last updated on 2025-11-17

比特币正经历一场来势汹汹的下跌,即便华尔街的支持、政策的支持和机构资金的涌入悉数到位。

截至本周一,这一全球最大加密货币已将今年年内的涨幅几乎悉数抹去,在10月6日涨破12.6万美元创最高纪录后,市值六周内蒸发约6000亿美元。对于一个本应凭借主流化进程走向稳定的市场而言,此轮抛售的速度和力度都超出预期。

在这场巨震中,持有比特币的投资"大户"——原名MicroStrategy的全球最大比特币财库公司Strategy Inc.却逆势加仓。该公司本周一披露,在截至上周日的七天内,买入价值8.356亿美元比特币,创自去年7月以来的最大单周买入规模。这使其比特币总持仓增至64.987万枚,总价值约617亿美元。

至少目前看来,Strategy的“抄底”并未提振市场情绪。CoinMarketCap数据显示,美东时间17日周一美股午盘,亚市盘初曾跌破9.3万美元的比特币跌破9.2万美元,创近七个月新低,较欧股盘中的日高跌超4000美元、跌超4%,较10月6日所创的盘中最高纪录跌去超过3万美元、累计暴跌约27%。

更值得关注的是,该公司市值已降至590亿美元,低于其比特币持仓价值,这一罕见的折价状态标志着支撑其融资模式的溢价机制已陷入失效。

这场下跌考验的不仅是散户信心,更是华尔街对比特币作为长期配置资产的定力。随着ETF资金流出、杠杆平仓和宏观风险偏好回落的叠加,市场正在经历一场关于"比特币何时才能兑现承诺"的严峻拷问。

抛售潮来袭:市场信心快速瓦解

比特币的急剧下挫发生在一个本应利好的背景下。华尔街已就位,交易所交易基金(ETF)正将加密货币带入主流投资组合,特朗普政府也全面拥抱加密行业。但市场却迅速、猛烈且毫无明确触发因素地撤退。

彭博汇编的数据显示,到本周一,比特币的总市值已较今年10月的高点缩水约6000亿美元。在交易台和社交媒体上,焦虑情绪正在蔓延。交易员们翻出旧图表、重温熟悉的理论、寻找买家。

部分损失反映出市场的疲惫和过度反应。散户资金在高点追逐加密概念股遭遇重创。今年10月初,贸易紧张局势的意外升级引发了清算潮,而当时杠杆正处于峰值。结果是:一个预期过高、信心不足、过于脆弱的市场,在情绪反转后无力接住下跌的刀子。

加密数据平台Nansen的分析师Jake Kennis表示:“此时比特币的交易更像是嵌入机构投资组合的宏观资产,对流动性、政策和美元动态的反应远超对机械性供应冲击的预期。”

尽管有关机构化的讨论不绝于耳,市场仍然依赖情绪交易。而眼下,情绪糟糕透顶。风险偏好已经逆转,山寨币今年大幅下跌。特朗普的利好也未能使加密货币免受宏观拖累,或来自人工智能、稳定币和预测市场等新投机宠儿的竞争。

华尔街的困惑:四年周期还适用吗

在没有传统华尔街剧本指导比特币应该如何表现的情况下——没有稳定的相关性,没有经过验证的风险框架——一些人退回到他们最熟悉的模型:四年减半周期。

这一事件是指比特币的供应增长按设计每四年减半一次。从历史来看,它会刺激投机性繁荣,随后是痛苦的崩盘,通常会有一定滞后,因为矿工——运营支持网络的强大计算机的运营商——倾向于在价格下跌时抛售其持有量。

本轮周期中,减半发生在2024年4月,随后价格在今年10月触顶。这大致符合旧有节奏。但随着财力雄厚的买家塑造市场,这一剧本是否仍然适用已不再明确。

Bitwise Asset Management首席投资官Matthew Hougan表示,他相信价格明年会上涨。他说:“加密货币散户的市场情绪如此糟糕,市场可能还有一些下行空间。人们担心四年周期可能会重演,他们不想再经历50%的回调。人们通过退出市场来抢跑。”

彭博行业研究的ETF分析师Eric Balchunas认为,此时可能正是交易员对历史重演的紧张情绪“让四年周期发生”。另一方面,“典型的节奏可能会被稍微打乱,或者被永久打乱。”

加密货币做市商Caladan的研究主管Derek Lim表示,2017年和2021年的比特币牛市并不仅仅是此前减半事件的结果,而是“一个更强大和根本的驱动因素:全球流动性”的产物。他补充说,随着美国政府结束关门,流动性可能会回归。

ETF投资者面临考验:平均成本线岌岌可危

比特币下跌几乎抹去了今年所有涨幅,而且如果进一步下跌,情况可能会变得更糟。这是因为该代币正处于危险区域,接近普通零售投资者将面临亏损的点位,这一动态可能将ETF资金流从曾经的稳定顺风变成根本性的下行驱动力。

比特币在本周一亚市盘初曾跌破9.3万美元,此后徘徊9.4万美元一线,到美股尾盘跌幅再度扩大。比特币远低于似乎曾提供一定整数关口支撑的10万美元,也大幅跌穿365日均线,使得过去一年任何时候买入的平均投资者都处于亏损状态。

下一个整数关口是9万美元,这也可能触及ETF买家的关键痛点。本月早些时候有估计显示,美国现货比特币ETF所有历史资金流入的混合买入价格为89,600美元。这一水平可能已经变动——尤其是考虑到最近出现的快速资金流出,上周约有15亿美元流出加密ETF——但跌至这一价格区间很可能会加剧零售投资者对比特币和其他虚拟货币的负面情绪。

据彭博汇编的数据,投资者在过去一个月从加密货币交易所交易产品中撤出25.6亿美元,而过去一年增加了583亿美元。加密ETP资产总额为1,845亿美元。

Strategy加码豪赌:融资机制面临考验

Michael Saylor创立的Strategy在上周的加密市场暴跌中抄底,加倍押注其开创的数字资产财库模式。Strategy披露,在截至上周日的七天内购买了8.356亿美元比特币,这是该公司自去年7月以来对这一原始加密货币的最大单笔购买。

根据周一提交给美国证券交易委员会(SEC)的文件,这使其总持仓达到649,870枚代币,价值约617亿美元。该公司似乎用上周完成的欧元计价优先股发行所得为大部分购买融资。

但Strategy的商业模式正面临考验。该公司依赖以溢价发行股票和可转债购买比特币,而当市值低于持仓价值时,这一融资机制就会失效。Strategy的mNAV——一个关键估值指标,比较公司市值与其比特币持仓价值——已从超过2.5倍暴跌至仅1.2倍。曾让Strategy成为比特币高贝塔代理的溢价现在已薄到无法吸引同样的动量追逐者,削弱了曾经推高它的循环机制。

上周五,随着比特币价格跌破9.5万美元并创六个月新低,Strategy股价在过去一个月累计重挫32%。公司市值降至590亿美元,而其持有的比特币价值达623亿美元,这意味着其mNAV跌至约0.95倍,这是该公司历史上首次出现市值低于比特币持仓的情况。

自该公司宣布从2020年8月开始购买比特币以来,股价已上涨超过1500%。同期标普500指数上涨了一倍多。该股自2024年11月20日达到473.83美元的历史高点以来下跌约57%,周一基本持平。

Strategy联合创始人兼执行主席Saylor接受媒体采访时驳斥了链上数据引发的抛售猜测,并表示:"我们正在购买比特币,将在周一上午公布下一批购买情况。我认为人们会感到惊喜。事实上,我们一直在加速购买。"

Saylor最初通过出售普通股为公司的比特币购买融资。随着投资者对稀释的担忧导致普通股溢价缩小,该公司后来开始发行可转换债券,最终发行优先股。它最近进入欧洲市场筹集资金。Strategy上周四完成了6.2亿欧元(7.168亿美元)的欧元计价永续优先股出售。

彭博智库高级商品策略师Mike McGlone表示,随着黄金和股票接近历史高点,比特币是"风险资产冰山的顶端,正在融化"。"我预计比特币和大多数加密货币将继续下跌。"

风险提示及免责条款
市场有风险,投资需谨慎。本文不构成个人投资建议,也未考虑到个别用户特殊的投资目标、财务状况或需要。用户应考虑本文中的任何意见、观点或结论是否符合其特定状况。据此投资,责任自负。

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363 Total ViewsPublished 2025.05.13Updated 2025.05.13

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