市值蒸发6000亿!信仰动摇、机构观望,比特币 “减半后暴跌”的魔咒应验了?

华尔街日报Published on 2025-11-17Last updated on 2025-11-17

在今年10月创下历史新高后,近日比特币价格急转直下,一度抹去2025年的全部涨幅。

昨日,比特币价格一度跌破93714美元。这一价格水平已低于其2024年底的收盘价,意味着年内一度超过30%的年度涨幅已被“全部抹去”

最新数据显示,与10月份的高点相比,比特币的总市值已蒸发约6000亿美元。这场快速、猛烈且缺乏明确触发因素的下跌,让整个市场措手不及。

对于一个波动性本就是常态的资产而言,这次的不同之处在于市场信心的蒸发速度之快。这轮下跌发生在一个本应是比特币合法性得到巩固的年份——现货ETF的获批将加密资产带入主流投资组合,而特朗普政府的公开支持更是为市场注入了强心剂。

然而,现实却是预期的落空。焦虑情绪正在交易室和社交媒体上蔓延,交易员们重新审视旧图表,试图从历史中寻找答案。

繁荣、后萧条——减半周期重演?

据彭博最新报道分析,在缺乏传统金融资产分析框架的情况下,一些市场参与者默认回归了他们最熟悉的模型:四年一次的“减半”周期。从历史上看,这一旨在将比特币新增供应量削减一半的机制,往往会引发投机性繁荣,随后是痛苦的萧条。

本轮周期中,减半发生在2024年4月。随后比特币价格在今年10月达到峰值,这大致符合以往的节奏。然而,随着拥有雄厚资本的机构投资者正在重塑市场,这一古老剧本是否依然适用已是未知数。

Bitwise Asset Management的首席投资官Matthew Hougan认为,“人们担心四年周期可能会重演,他们不想再经历一次50%的回调。因此,他们通过撤出市场来提前规避风险。”这种对历史重演的担忧,本身可能就构成了抛售的压力。

市场情绪疲软,多头信念动摇

本轮下跌也反映了市场的疲惫与失望。部分散户资金在追逐高位的加密概念股时遭受重创。随后在10月初,贸易紧张局势的意外升级在杠杆率激增的背景下引发了大规模清算。其结果是,市场对未来抱有过多期望,但实际的信念却异常脆弱,一旦市场情绪逆转,便无力承接抛压。

加密数据公司Nansen的分析师Jake Kennis指出,“目前,比特币的交易方式更像是一种嵌入机构投资组合中的宏观资产,它对流动性、政策和美元动态的反应,超过了对可预测的供应冲击的反应。”

尽管机构化的讨论不绝于耳,但市场交易在很大程度上仍受“氛围”驱动。而眼下,市场的氛围很糟糕,风险偏好已经逆转。

机构资金流入停滞,溢价消失

今年年中,比特币现货ETF一度吸纳了数十亿美元资金,成功将比特币重塑为一种宏观对冲工具。然而,近期的资金流已经停滞。

一些长期持有者选择套现离场,而像Strategy Inc.这样的行业代表性公司,其股价已接近其持有的比特币资产价值——这是一个明确信号,表明市场不再愿意为持有比特币的“信念”支付溢价。

这种现象表明,即使是机构投资者,其热情也已降温。当最坚定的支持者都不再获得市场的额外奖励时,更广泛的投资者信心自然会受到侵蚀。

宏观逆风与另类资产的竞争

特朗普政府的亲加密立场并未能使比特币免受宏观经济逆风的拖累。与此同时,它还面临着来自人工智能(AI)、稳定币和预测市场等新兴投机宠儿的激烈竞争。在黄金和股票价格接近历史高位之际,比特币的表现相形见绌。

彭博行业研究的高级商品策略师Mike McGlone表示,比特币是“风险资产冰山的尖端,并且正在融化”。他预计,“比特币和大多数加密货币将继续下跌。”

尽管市场的基础设施完好无损,但对于那些曾期望比特币在年底前触及20万美元的投资者来说,近期的暴跌无疑是一次沉重的打击。

彭博行业研究的ETF分析师Eric Balchunas认为,交易员对历史重演的紧张情绪可能“导致了四年周期的自我实现”。但他也补充说,“典型的节奏可能会被暂时打乱,或者被永久性地改变。”

加密做市商Caladan的研究主管Derek Lim则提出了另一种观点,他认为2017年和2021年的牛市并非简单源于减半,而是由“更强大、更根本的驱动力:全球流动性”所推动。他补充说,随着美国政府停摆的结束,这种流动性可能会回归。

风险提示及免责条款
市场有风险,投资需谨慎。本文不构成个人投资建议,也未考虑到个别用户特殊的投资目标、财务状况或需要。用户应考虑本文中的任何意见、观点或结论是否符合其特定状况。据此投资,责任自负。

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363 Total ViewsPublished 2025.05.13Updated 2025.05.13

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