代币融资新时代,美国合规融资的里程碑

深潮Published on 2025-11-12Last updated on 2025-11-13

币圈的资产发行,正在进入一个合规的新时代。

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Monad 将在 Coinbase 上进行 ICO 是本周的热门话题。市场除了讨论以 25 亿美元 FDV 进行发售是否值得参与外,作为 Coinbase 首次进行的 ICO,其「合规程度」也引起了广泛讨论,被认为是币圈合规化的标志性事件。

稳定币 USDC 发行商 Circle 在近日发布的第三季度财报中提到,正在探索在 Arc Network 上发行原生代币的可能性。Coinbase 也在近 2 年后于今年 10 月由 Base 链联合创始人 Jesse Pollak 在采访时表示,会推出 Base 代币。种种迹象表示,币圈的资产发行,正在进入一个合规的新时代。

Coinbase 历史首次 ICO,Monad 都披露了什么?

为了这场 Coinbase 历史首次的 ICO,Monad 基金会子公司 MF Services (BVI), Ltd. 提供了一份长达 18 页的披露文件。这份文件明晰了 Monad 的法律架构、融资详情以及做市方案,并有着长达 8 页的投资风险提示。相比于过去的 ICO,这是绝无仅有的,并且有着够大的进步意义。

在法律架构层面,Monad 明晰了如下内容:

- Monad 代币的销售方为 Monad 基金会的子公司 MF Services (BVI) Ltd.,Monad 基金会为该公司的唯一董事

- Monad 的 3 位联合创始人分别是 Keone Hon、James Hunsaker 以及 Eunice Giarta。Monad 的核心贡献者是 Monad 基金会以及 Category Labs。

- Category Labs 总部位于美国纽约,负责 Monad 的技术开发,James Hunsaker 是 Category Labs 的首席执行 19 官

- Monad 基金会是一家无成员的开曼群岛基金会,负责包括社区参与、业务开发、开发者和用户教育以及营销服务,Keone Hon 和 Eunice Giarta 是 Monad 基金会的联合总经理。基金会由董事会监督,董事会成员包括 Petrus Basson、Keone Hon 以及 Marc Piano

这些法律架构层面的披露内容为投资者提供更强的保护机制,提升了投资者的问责制和法律追索权。

在融资详情层面,Monad 明晰了如下内容:

- 种子轮前融资:融资额为 1960 万美元,于 2022 年 6 月 至 12 月期间进行

- 种子轮融资:融资额为 2260 万美元,于 2024 年 1 月 至 3 月期间进行

- A 轮融资:融资额为 2.205 亿美元,于 2024 年 3 月 至 8 月期间进行

- 2024 年,Monad 基金会从 Category Labs 获得了 9000 万美元的捐款,用于支付 Monad 网络公开启动前的运营成本。这笔捐款用于 Monad 基金会到 2026 年的预期支出,并且是 Monad Labs 在其各轮融资中筹集的 2.62 亿美元资金的一部分

融资详情的披露避免了过往币圈项目方容易存在的融资虚构以及所导致的错误估值情况。

在做市方案层面,Monad 明晰了如下内容:

- MF Services (BVI) Ltd. 已与 CyantArb、Auros、Galaxy、GSR、Wintermute 五家做市商签订贷款协议,累计出借 1.6 亿枚 MON 代币。其中,Wintermute 的出借期限为 1 年,其余各家为一个月,可按月续签

- 由第三方专家(Coinwatch)进行监控,以验证出借代币的使用情况,包括 CyantArb、Auros、Galaxy 和 GSR 的闲置余额

- MF Services (BVI) Ltd. 还可以在一个或多个去中心化交易所(DEX)池中部署高达初始 MON 代币供应总量 0.20% 的初始流动性

- 做市商贷款和初始流动性中的代币包含在代币经济学的生态系统发展分配部分中

这是首次看到币圈项目在 TGE 前如此透明地披露具体的做市方案。结合上面的所有的内容提炼,也是我们首次在币圈看到 ICO 的透明度向传统市场的资产发行靠拢。

ICO 合规的艰难旅程

2017 年,以太坊出现,ERC-20 带来了 ICO 浪潮,项目激增,行业第一次爆发。但也就是在那一年,2017 年 7 月,SEC 第一次发布了关于 ICO 的指导文件。当时,SEC 宣布,只要将任何新加密货币出售给希望获利的投资者,并且是由中心化公司进行的,都将被视为证券,因此必须遵循证券法规。

根据该指南,在这个时间后在美国发生的 ICO 很可能违反证券法规,并有被 SEC 起诉的风险,自指南公布后,被公布的案例已经有多起。而根据 SEC 2018 年的年度报告,仅在这一年,在启动的数十项涉及 ICO 和数字资产的调查中,「许多在 2018 财政年度还未进行」。

2018 年 11 月,SEC 针对未进行适当证券注册而进行 ICO 的行为,首次发布了民事罚款,Paragon(PRG)和 Airfox(AIR)两个项目分别被罚款 25 万美元,此外,还需要将代币注册为证券,并提交定期报告。

2019 年 6 月,加拿大社交媒体公司 Kik Interactive 因为进行 ICO 而深陷与 SEC 的诉讼,为了对抗 SEC,Kik 还成立了名为 crypto.org 的新基金,以筹集足够的应诉费用。

加密历史上最大的两次 ICO,EOS 的 42 亿美元和 Telegram 的 17 亿美元,都曾陷入与 SEC 的法律纠纷中。Block.one 支付 2400 万美元罚金与 SEC 和解,Telegram 就其子公司 TON Issuer 旗下的 Gram 代币发行达成了 12.4 亿美元的和解。12.4 亿美元的 Telegram 和解包括 12.2 亿美元的非法所得和 1850 万美元的民事罚款。

名人和 KOL 也有因涉嫌 ICO 相关问题而遭到 SEC 起诉。著名杀毒软件 McAfee 的创始人 John McAfee 因未披露自己推广 ICO 代币取得收入、加密 KOL Ian Balina 因参与未注册加密货币 ICO 推广均遭到 SEC 起诉。

2019 年 7 月 10 日,SEC 批准了区块链公司 Blockstack PBC 的二级监管 A 级发行,这是符合证券法的首次此类首次发行 (ICO),另一个项目 Props 也在该年 7 月获得了美国证券交易委员会(SEC)的批准。但两年后,Props 宣布计划在 2021 年 12 月结束后依据美国证券交易委员会(SEC)的 Reg A+ 停止继续发行其代币 Props,并停止支持 Props Loyalty 计划。Props 在当时表示,已确定无法在现有证券监管框架内维持或进一步发展 Props Loyalty 计划,由于缺乏相关的、授权的国内交易平台,例如自动交易系统(ATS),Props 代币的美国持有者被限制交易其 Props 代币,类似的因素均阻碍了 Props 的发展。

长期以来,ICO 模式饱受合规问题困扰,因此在 2017 年的狂热后逐渐被 VC 投资、交易所 IEO 以及追溯性空投等模式取代。也因此,Coinbase 此次带回 ICO 的举动,不被市场认为是一次简单的「怀旧」,而是多年加密合规推进后,ICO 以全新的面貌,在结构全新的市场下的「重新归来」。

ICO 的重新归来

11 月 12 日,Bitwise 首席投资官 Matt Hougan 表示,Coinbase 新推出的 Launchpad 标志着基于加密的资本形成方式强势回归。合规 ICO 有望成为 2026 年的核心主题,并重塑初创企业融资模式,成为加密货币颠覆传统金融的第四大支柱,此前三大支柱分别是:比特币对黄金的重塑、稳定币对美元的重塑、代币化对交易与结算的重塑。

Matt Hougan 称,早期的 ICO 实验证明了区块链技术能够比传统 IPO 更快、更低成本地连接创业者和投资者,即便此前的热潮失败了。此次的关键区别在于监管与结构,现任美国证券交易委员会(SEC)主席 Paul Atkins(曾共同主持支持 ICO 的加密倡导组织 Token Alliance,并担任代币化公司 Securitize 董事会成员)近期呼吁制定新规和安全港机制,以支持合规代币发行,而 Coinbase 的新平台正是这一方向的首个重大实践。

2025 年,ICO 已占据所有代币发售交易量的约五分之一,而两年前这一占比还微乎其微。Echo、Kraken Launch 以及 Buidlpad 等平台除了适配当前的合规要求,相比于过去过去粗糙的 ICO 运行机制或是单纯的 Gas 大战,在自托管、多链发行支持以及准入渠道控制等各方面都有了长足进步。我们已经在这些平台上看到了像 Plasma、Falcon Finance 等非常成功的案例。

ICO 的重新归来,是加密货币市场在多年合规探索之后开花结果的体现。我们会看到越来越多像 Monad 这样严肃的 ICO 案例,散户投资者将得到更好的保护。而正如我们在文章开头提到的来自 Circle 的 Arc 以及 Coinbase 的 Base,这些之前被广泛认为发币可能性低的项目,都在合规成熟的当下发出了新的信号。

我们正在进入一个新的时代。

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