信仰与怀疑的镜像博弈:Jim Chanos 如何用“做空 MSTR、做多比特币”击败 Saylor 的杠杆信念

marsbitPublished on 2025-11-11Last updated on 2025-11-12

看似背离,却本质相同:双方都在利用市场的结构性偏差,只是一个以信念加杠杆,另一个以理性拆解泡沫。在这场关于估值与流动性的较量中,信仰与怀疑并非泾渭分明,而是彼此映照的两种选择。

以下为原文:

Jim Chanos

华尔街著名「犬儒派」投资人 Jim Chanos 已经平仓了他那笔广受关注、颇具争议的针对 Michael Saylor 旗下的 Strategy 的做空交易——据推测,他通过做空该公司普通股 MSTR,大约获得了 100% 的收益。

更准确地说,这位知名空头建立了一笔配对交易:做空 MSTR,同时做多比特币(BTC)。

他并非押注 MSTR 股价会在美元计价上绝对下跌,而是押注 MSTR 相对 BTC 的溢价会收缩。

Strategy 是全球最大的数字资产金库公司(Digital Asset Treasury,简称 DAT)之一,这类上市公司通过金融杠杆收购加密资产,而非依赖传统产品或服务销售来创造收入。该公司目前持有约 660 亿美元的比特币(BTC),企业价值约为 8,400 万美元(市值加上包括优先股在内的备考净债务),相当于其净资产价值(mNAV)的 1.27 倍溢价。

然而,自 Chanos 建立仓位以来,这一 mNAV 已出现显著下滑。

他在 2024 年 11 月建立这笔双腿交易,以表达对 MSTR 表现不及比特币的怀疑;截至上周五早晨,Chanos 及其公司 Chanos & Co. 已全数平仓,账面收益约为 100%。

Chanos 在社交媒体上晒出的这次「胜利巡游」引发热议,相关帖文的浏览量已超过 100 万次。

Jim Chanos

做空 MSTR,做多 BTC

Chanos 的收益主要来自 MSTR 的净资产倍数(mNAV)下滑。

2024 年 11 月时,该倍数一度高于 3 倍;到同年 12 月他在年度会议上阐述投资逻辑时,平均水平已降至约 2.5 倍。当他完全平仓时,MSTR 的 mNAV 已跌至 1.23 倍——意味着公司股价仅比其持有的比特币资产溢价 23%。

与此同时,他交易的另一部分也在上涨。自 2024 年 11 月以来,比特币价格约上涨了 25%。换句话说,查诺斯不仅通过做空 MSTR 让资金翻倍,还因比特币上涨又赚取了约 25% 的收益。

两边同时获利,使这位家族办公室基金经理稳坐「Saylor 最成功批评者」的位置。

Jim Chanos

模仿 Strategy,超越 Strategy

Chanos 因在 2025 年纽约 Sohn 投资大会上公开发表对 Strategy 的看空观点,而立刻遭到 Saylor 支持者的猛烈抨击,其中包括自称为「Irresponsibly Long MSTR」(不负责任地做多 MSTR)的社区成员。

在多次电视采访与社交媒体露面中,Chanos 都强调,他看空的理由在于 Strategy 难以长期维持高企的净资产倍数(mNAV)。

他曾形容自己的交易策略是:「卖出 MicroStrategy 的股票,买入比特币——基本上是用 1 美元买东西,再以 2.5 美元的价格卖出。」他还直言不讳地批评 Saylor 以杠杆方式购买比特币的做法「荒谬至极」「纯属金融胡言乱语」。

事实上,Chanos 认为自己的交易逻辑本质上就是在模仿 Saylor 本人:卖出 MSTR,用收益去买比特币。

Chanos 多次指出,Strategy 为了购买更多 BTC,不断稀释自身股本、持续抛售 MSTR 的行为——正是促使他建立这笔双腿交易(做空 MSTR、做多 BTC)的关键诱因。

虽然 Strategy 也曾通过发行数十亿美元的优先股融资(暂时不会直接稀释 MSTR 股本),但其大部分资金来源仍是出售 MSTR 股票。

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