Coinbase报告:比特币“九月魔咒”实为统计谬误

比推Published on 2025-09-12Last updated on 2025-09-12

作者:David DuongCoinbase全球研究主管

编译:Tim,PANews

原标题:今年9月必然下跌?Coinbase最新报告揭示比特币月度走势规律


总览

我们认为,在韧性充足的流动性环境、有利的宏观条件以及友好性监管政策的推动下,加密牛市在2025年第四季度初仍有发展空间。我们尤其认为比特币将继续超越市场预期,因为它能直接从现有的宏观顺风中获益。也就是说,除非能源价格出现剧烈波动(或其他可能对通胀趋势产生负面影响的因素),否则扰乱当前美国货币政策路径的直接风险实际上相当低。与此同时,加密财库的技术性需求将继续为加密市场提供有力支撑。

然而,季节性因素始终萦绕在加密市场上空。历史数据显示,2017至2022年间比特币兑美元价格连续六年都在9月出现下跌。虽然这种趋势让许多投资者认为季节性因素对加密货币表现具有显著影响,但该假设在2023年和2024年并不成立。事实上,我们的研究表明,由于样本量过小且可能存在的结果范围过大,这类季节性指标的统计有效性十分有限。

加密市场一个更显著的问题在于,我们目前处于加密财库周期的早期还是晚期。截至9月10日,公开的加密财库持有超过100万枚比特币(价值1100亿美元)、490万枚以太坊(价值213亿美元)以及890万枚Solana(价值18亿美元),而后期入场者已开始瞄准风险梯度更低的代币。我们认为当前正处于周期内的PvP阶段,这一阶段将持续推动资金流向大型加密货币。但与此同时,这也很可能预示着小型加密财库参与者将迎来整合前兆。

保持建设性展望

今年年初时,我们曾认为加密市场将在2025年上半年触底,并在2025年下半年创下历史新高。这一观点在当时与市场共识相左,当时市场参与者对潜在经济衰退心存忧虑,质疑价格上涨,并对复苏周期存有困惑。然而,我们认为这些观点存在误判,并坚持我们的宏观经济展望。

进入第四季度,我们对加密市场保持建设性展望,预计将继续受到强劲流动性、有利的宏观经济环境以及鼓舞人心的监管进展的支撑。在货币政策方面,我们预计美联储将在9月17日和10月29日两次实施降息,因为美国劳动力市场已充分显现疲软迹象。我们认为这非但不会形成局部高点,反而将激活场外闲置资金。事实上我们在8月就曾指出,利率下调可能推动货币市场基金中7.4万亿美元存量资金中的相当一部分结束观望状态入场。

尽管如此,若当前通胀轨迹发生重大转变,例如能源价格回升,将对此前景构成风险。(注:我们认为关税的实际风险远低于一些观点所预估的水平。)然而,OPEC+产油国联盟近期已同意再度提高石油产量,而全球石油需求正显现放缓迹象。不过,加强制裁俄罗斯的可能性也可能推高油价。目前我们预计油价不会突破使经济陷入滞胀的临界点。

加密财库故事未完,竞争进入白热化

我们认为,加密财库的技术性需求预计将为加密市场提供持续支撑。事实上,加密资产储备现象已到达关键分水岭。我们既不再处于过去6-9个月所呈现的早期采用阶段,也不认为这一趋势即将终结。相反,我们已经进入所谓的"PvP阶段",这是一个竞争性阶段,成功越来越取决于执行能力、差异化和时机把握,而非简单模仿MicroStrategy的策略。

确实,早期入场的机构如MicroStrategy曾享有较资产净值(NAV)大幅溢价的优势,但竞争加剧、执行风险与监管限制已导致资产净值折价现象。我们认为早期参与者享有的稀缺性溢价已然消散。尽管如此,专注比特币的加密财库目前持有超100万枚BTC,约占该代币流通供应量的5%。同样,顶尖的以太坊加密财库共持有约490万枚ETH(价值213亿美元),占ETH总流通供应量的4%以上。

8月曾有报道称,154家在美国上市的公司已筹集约984亿美元用于2025年购买加密货币,较年初前10家公司筹集的336亿美元大幅增长(基于Architect Partners数据)。对其他代币的资本投入也在增长,尤其是SOL和其他山寨币。(Forward Industries最近筹集了16.5亿美元,用于资助由Galaxy Digital、Jump Crypto和Multicoin Capital支持的SOL加密财库。)

加密财库的疯狂增长已引来日益严格的审查。事实上,近期报告显示纳斯达克正在收紧对加密财库概念股的监管,要求特定交易必须获得股东批准,并倡导加强信息披露。但纳斯达克明确表示,尚未就此特别发布任何正式的新规公告。

目前,我们认为加密财库周期正在趋于成熟,但既不属于早期也不属于晚期阶段。在我们看来,轻松赚钱和保证获得账面净值溢价的时代无疑已经结束,在这个PvP阶段,只有那些纪律最严明、战略定位最精准的参与者才能脱颖而出。我们预计加密市场将继续受益于前所未有的资本流动,这些资金正从传统投资工具转向加密领域,从而提升投资回报。

冒着季节性的风险?

与此同时,季节性疲软的问题持续占据加密市场参与者的心智。2017至2022年间,比特币价格连续六年均在9月对美元贬值,过去十年该月份平均收益率为-3%。这给许多投资者留下"季节性因素显著影响加密货币表现,9月往往是持有风险资产不利时期"的印象。然而若依据这种认知进行交易,其在2023年与2024年两个年度均会被证伪。

确实,我们认为月度季节性并非比特币特别有用的交易信号。无论是频谱分析、逻辑比值比、样本外预测、伪实验重排检验还是控制变量测试,所有结果都传递出相同信息:在统计层面上,月份并不是预测比特币月度对数收益率正负方向的可靠指标。(注:我们使用对数收益率来衡量几何增长或复合增长,因其能更好反映长期趋势并兼顾比特币较高波动性的特性。)

以下测试发现“日历月份”对于预测比特币对数收益率的月度信号不可靠:

1.Wilson置信区间:图表3显示,在考虑小样本不确定性后,没有任何月份能跨越显著的季节性预测门槛。那些看似"偏高"(2月/10月)或"偏低"(8月/9月)的月份,其误差线不仅与整体平均值相互重叠,彼此之间也存在交集,这表明数据波动属于随机方差现象,而非持续的日历效应。

  • 每个点代表BTC在该月以涨幅收尾的比率;垂直线、条形表示95%威尔逊置信区间带,这是适用于小样本数据的统计方法,因为每月仅包含约12-13个数据点,该区间能为此类小样本提供更准确的不确定性阈值。

  • 虚线表示整体上升率的平均值。由于我们同时观察12个月的数据,因此采用Holm多重检验校正法,以避免单月偶然数据被误认为规律性变化。

2.逻辑回归分析:我们采用逻辑回归模型来检验某些月份相比基准月份(一月)是否更有利于比特币上涨或下跌的概率。图表4显示,各个月份的优势比大多集中在1.0附近,更重要的是,其95%置信区间均跨越1.0这一临界值。

  • 数值为1.0表示"获得正对数回报率的概率与1月份持平",高于1.0表示"概率更高",低于1.0表示"概率更低"。

  • 例如,比值比为1.5大致意味着"上涨月份的几率比一月高出约50%",而0.7则意味着"约低30%"。

由于大多数置信区间带穿越了1.0的参考线,且经过Holm多重检验调整后未显示任何月份具有统计显著性,我们无法断定“日历月份”是预测比特币对数收益率方向的有效指标。

3.样本外预测:在每一步中,我们仅使用截至该月的数据重新估计两个模型(初始时使用一半数据集进行训练):

  • 基准模型是一个仅含截距的逻辑模型,它仅预测一个恒定概率,该概率等于迄今为止正向回报月份的历史占比(即基础比率)。

  • 月历月份模型是一种包含月份虚拟变量的逻辑回归模型,其基于历史月份的表现特征来预测当前日历月出现上涨月份的概率。

我们的研究结果展示于图表5中,其中:(1)横轴代表正对数收益月份的预测概率;(2)纵轴代表实际实现正收益的月份占比。在绘制预测值时,一个完全校准的模型其数据点应沿45度线分布,这意味着当模型预测出现"上涨月份"的概率为50%时,实际应有50%的月份实现上涨。

月环比模型出现显著偏差。例如:

  • 当预测上涨概率约为27%时,实际频率却达到50%左右(过于悲观);大约45-60%的预测仅大致准确。

  • 在高数值区间存在过度置信现象,例如,预测值约为75%时实际发生约70%,而在极端区间,预测值高达约85%却实际发生率为0%。

相比之下,始终采用历史基础概率(约55-57%的月度上涨几率)作为预测基准的模型,其预测结果落在45度线附近且几乎不发生偏移,这源于比特币月度上涨概率在时间维度上保持相对稳定。简而言之,这一结果表明日历月份在外样本预测中几乎不具备预测能力。

4.伪实验重排检验:为验证"月份标签"是否有助于判断正负对数收益率的差异,我们采用带月份虚拟变量的简单逻辑模型进行拟合,并通过组内联合检验(标准似然比联合检验)判断这些虚拟变量是否比无月份基准模型具有更好的拟合效果。获得的观测p值为0.15,这意味着即使月份因素实际无关,也有约15%的概率会随机出现至少如此显著的模式。随后我们对月份标签进行了数千次随机重排,每次重排后都重新进行相同的联合检验。

因此,我们发现约19%的随机排列产生的p值与观测到的p值一样小或更小(图表6)。

简单来说,该结果在纯随机性条件下十分常见,这进一步印证了“不存在月份信号”的结论。若要使月份标签具有统计有效性,需满足两个条件:真实数据的联合检验结果p值应小于0.05,且通过随机置换生成的数据中,p值低于该阈值的案例比例不应超过5%。

5.控制变量:添加现实日历标志并不能解锁可交易的边际优势,反而通常会使涨跌信号预测效果更差。我们采用相同的月份虚拟变量重新评估了"月度上涨概率",随后加入两个重大事件的现实控制变量:这些事件1)可能影响比特币对数收益率,2)每年发生时间不固定于特定月份,即农历新年和比特币减半时间窗口(前后两个月)。我们仅采用每年在不同日历月份发生的控制变量,以避免冗余的虚拟变量导致模型估计失稳。

本次测试旨在验证两个常见问题:(i) 所谓"月份效应"是否实则为周期性事件的伪装,例如农历新年期间的流动性变化或比特币减半效应;(ii) 即便原始月份模式表现微弱,在考虑这些驱动因素后或许能产生预测价值。我们采用半数数据集作为训练集,半数作为测试集,并使用Brier分数对每月概率预测进行评分,该指标通过计算预测概率与实际涨跌结果之间的平均方差(即预测值与现实情况的偏离程度)来评估预测准确性。

图表7中的柱状图显示了Brier改进率与简单基线的对比结果,该基线仅使用训练窗口内的历史上涨月份比率这一单一数值。所有柱状图均低于零值线,这意味着每个控制变体的表现都逊于恒定概率基线。简而言之,在月份标签基础上引入额外日历标记只会增加噪声干扰。

结语

季节性因素对市场的影响在投资者心中根深蒂固,这种执念甚至可能形成自我实现的预言。但我们的模型表明,若假设每个月的涨跌概率与长期历史平均水平基本一致,其表现将超越所有基于日历周期的交易策略。这充分说明日历模式并不包含真正有效的预测信息,无法用于判断比特币月度走势方向。既然日历月份无法可靠预测对数收益率的正负走向,那么它预测收益率幅度的可能性更是微乎其微。此前九月份的历史性下跌乃至所谓比特币"上涨十月"的传说,或许在统计层面具有参考价值,但均未达到统计有效性标准。


Twitter:https://twitter.com/BitpushNewsCN

比推 TG 交流群:https://t.me/BitPushCommunity

比推 TG 订阅: https://t.me/bitpush

说明: 比推所有文章只代表作者观点,不构成投资建议

Related Reads

Huawei's "Tao Law": A Comprehensive Overview of Core Companies

Huawei's "Tau Law": Core Companies Overview On May 25, 2026, Huawei's Director and President of the Semiconductor Business Division, He Tingbo, formally introduced the "Tau (τ) Law" at ISCAS 2026, marking a significant principle guiding industry development in the global semiconductor field from China. The Tau Law shifts focus from traditional Moore's Law, which pursues geometric transistor scaling, to "time scaling"—continuously compressing signal propagation delay (time constant τ) without solely relying on extreme feature size reduction. The core implementation path is "logic folding." This technique transforms circuit layouts from two-dimensional planes to multi-layer 3D stacks, using short vertical interconnects to replace long horizontal wiring, thereby drastically reducing τ. Huawei has already designed and mass-produced 381 chips following this principle over the past six years, with plans to launch a Kirin chip utilizing logic folding in Fall 2026. By 2031, high-end chips based on the Tau Law are expected to achieve performance levels equivalent to a 1.4nm process node. This development impacts several key industry segments, with related Chinese companies poised to benefit: 1. **EDA Design Software**: Essential for circuit-level optimization. Key players include: * **Empyrean Technology** (Huada Jiutian): China's largest full-flow EDA provider. * **Primarius Technologies** (Gailun Dianzi): Specializes in device modeling and verification. * **Semitronix** (Guangliwei): Focuses on yield enhancement and test chip EDA. 2. **Chiplet & Advanced Packaging**: Logic folding's 3D stacking necessitates advanced packaging (e.g., TSV, hybrid bonding). Core participants are: * **Tongfu Microelectronics**: A leader in advanced packaging and a key partner for AMD's Chiplet products. * **JCET Group** (Changdian Keji) & **Tianshui Huatian Technology**: Major OSATs with advanced packaging capabilities. * **VeriSilicon** (Xinyuan Gufen): Provides Chiplet-based design platforms and IP. 3. **Foundry Manufacturing**: Optimization must be implemented in transistor structures and process parameters. Potential foundries for Huawei's future chips include: * **SMIC**: China's leading foundry with advanced FinFET capabilities, the most likely candidate for next-gen Kirin chips. * **Hua Hong Semiconductor** (Huahong Gongsi): A leader in specialty processes (power, embedded memory). * **Nexchip Semiconductor** (Jinghe Jicheng): Major foundry for display driver ICs and MCUs. The Tau Law represents a strategic move towards architectural innovation and design-process co-optimization, driving demand across the domestic semiconductor supply chain.

marsbit1h ago

Huawei's "Tao Law": A Comprehensive Overview of Core Companies

marsbit1h ago

Trading

Spot
Futures

Hot Articles

What is $BITCOIN

DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN): A Comprehensive Analysis Introduction to DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) is a blockchain-based project operating on the Solana network, which aims to combine the characteristics of traditional precious metals with the innovation of decentralized technologies. While it shares a name with Bitcoin, often referred to as “digital gold” due to its perception as a store of value, DIGITAL GOLD is a separate token designed to create a unique ecosystem within the Web3 landscape. Its goal is to position itself as a viable alternative digital asset, although specifics regarding its applications and functionalities are still developing. What is DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN)? DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) is a cryptocurrency token explicitly designed for use on the Solana blockchain. In contrast to Bitcoin, which provides a widely recognized value storage role, this token appears to focus on broader applications and characteristics. Notable aspects include: Blockchain Infrastructure: The token is built on the Solana blockchain, known for its capacity to handle high-speed and low-cost transactions. Supply Dynamics: DIGITAL GOLD has a maximum supply capped at 100 quadrillion tokens (100P $BITCOIN), although details regarding its circulating supply are currently undisclosed. Utility: While precise functionalities are not explicitly outlined, there are indications that the token could be utilized for various applications, potentially involving decentralized applications (dApps) or asset tokenization strategies. Who is the Creator of DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN)? At present, the identity of the creators and development team behind DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) remains unknown. This situation is typical among many innovative projects within the blockchain space, particularly those aligning with decentralized finance and meme coin phenomena. While such anonymity may foster a community-driven culture, it intensifies concerns about governance and accountability. Who are the Investors of DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN)? The available information indicates that DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) does not have any known institutional backers or prominent venture capital investments. The project seems to operate on a peer-to-peer model focused on community support and adoption rather than traditional funding routes. Its activity and liquidity are primarily situated on decentralized exchanges (DEXs), such as PumpSwap, rather than established centralized trading platforms, further highlighting its grassroots approach. How DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) Works The operational mechanics of DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) can be elaborated on based on its blockchain design and network attributes: Consensus Mechanism: By leveraging Solana’s unique proof-of-history (PoH) combined with a proof-of-stake (PoS) model, the project ensures efficient transaction validation contributing to the network's high performance. Tokenomics: While specific deflationary mechanisms have not been extensively detailed, the vast maximum token supply implies that it may cater to microtransactions or niche use cases that are still to be defined. Interoperability: There exists the potential for integration with Solana’s broader ecosystem, including various decentralized finance (DeFi) platforms. However, the details regarding specific integrations remain unspecified. Timeline of Key Events Here is a timeline that highlights significant milestones concerning DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN): 2023: The initial deployment of the token occurs on the Solana blockchain, marked by its contract address. 2024: DIGITAL GOLD gains visibility as it becomes available for trading on decentralized exchanges like PumpSwap, allowing users to trade it against SOL. 2025: The project witnesses sporadic trading activity and potential interest in community-led engagements, although no noteworthy partnerships or technical advancements have been documented as of yet. Critical Analysis Strengths Scalability: The underlying Solana infrastructure supports high transaction volumes, which could enhance the utility of $BITCOIN in various transaction scenarios. Accessibility: The potential low trading price per token could attract retail investors, facilitating wider participation due to fractional ownership opportunities. Risks Lack of Transparency: The absence of publicly known backers, developers, or an audit process may yield skepticism regarding the project's sustainability and trustworthiness. Market Volatility: The trading activity is heavily reliant on speculative behavior, which can result in significant price volatility and uncertainty for investors. Conclusion DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) emerges as an intriguing yet ambiguous project within the rapidly evolving Solana ecosystem. While it attempts to leverage the “digital gold” narrative, its departure from Bitcoin's established role as a store of value underscores the need for a clearer differentiation of its intended utility and governance structure. Future acceptance and adoption will likely depend on addressing the current opacity and defining its operational and economic strategies more explicitly. Note: This report encompasses synthesised information available as of October 2023, and developments may have transpired beyond the research period.

363 Total ViewsPublished 2025.05.13Updated 2025.05.13

What is $BITCOIN

Discussions

Welcome to the HTX Community. Here, you can stay informed about the latest platform developments and gain access to professional market insights. Users' opinions on the price of BTC (BTC) are presented below.

活动图片