华尔街30年从业者:债务、利率与比特币的避险逻辑

Odaily星球日报Published on 2025-05-22Last updated on 2025-05-22

Abstract

占领华尔街,或许是大饼的新使命。

来源:If You Miss This Bitcoin Run, Don’t Say You Weren’t Told

整理&编译:lenaxin,ChainCatcher

编者按:

本文整理自 Anthony Pompliano 与 Jordi Visser 的视频访谈,Jordi 是一位拥有 30 年华尔街经验的宏观策略投资专家。Jordi 将以独到视角解读当前经济形势。在访谈中,Jordi 还深入探讨了通胀、股市、比特币、AI 等热点话题,并解析为何市场走势总与主流预期背道而驰。

ChianCatcher 对内容进行了整理编译。

TL&DR

  1. 传统经济学教科书对“经济衰退”的定义,在当代经济结构下已失去解释效力

  2. 市场开始将比特币视为资产配置中不可或缺的一环

  3. 货币持续贬值是必然趋势

  4. 自主投资者、独立投资者、散户才是市场真正的主导力量

  5. “美联储看跌期权”的本质就是永续的货币贬值

  6. 比特币价格走势的核心驱动因素在于美元指数与美债收益率的相关性变化

  7. 资本流动的结构性变化远比短期经济波动更值得关注

  8. 关税政策导致的货币回流将对美元持续施压,进而影响收益率曲线

  9. AI 产业在Q1的强劲表现有力支撑了整体经济指标

  10. 在 AI 呈指数级发展的当下,历史经验的重要性正在降低

(一)通胀争议与数据信任危机

Anthony Pompliano:市场曾担忧关税、经济衰退甚至大萧条,但 4 月数据显示消费依然强劲,部分商品降价,通胀回落。股市迅速反弹,这是否意味着警报解除?您如何看待这些经济信号?

Jordi Visser:随着关税问题缓解,过去五周的政策路径逐渐清晰:从对中国产品加征关税的 90 天缓期,到分阶段上调税率,如今整体趋于合理,大多维持在 10% ,接近 Druckenmiller 认可的水平。

这让经济数据的分化更明显:企业情绪(软数据)依旧低迷,但消费和 AI 投资带动的“硬数据”表现稳健。尽管消费短期受市场波动影响,但 AI 产业强劲支撑了经济。

因此,标普 500 反弹有其合理性。尽管有诸多悲观预期,股市年内仍上涨,经济衰退预测未成真。事实上,传统的衰退定义已难以适用于当前复杂且有韧性的经济结构。

Anthony Pompliano:当前经济数据正呈现明显的政治化倾向,我们该如何寻找可信的参考指标?在经济分析中,我们是否应该重新评估这类政治化数据的参考价值?

Jordi Visser:当前环境下,比特币社区具备独特优势。社交媒体时代,人们更易接触迎合自身观点的信息,许多宏观分析师靠唱衰市场吸引关注。而比特币持有者因长期不被主流接受,反而养成了质疑权威、独立思考的能力。

在 AI 加速发展的背景下,历史经验的重要性正在降低。例如,拿 19 世纪的关税政策类比现在已不合时宜;现代信息传播极快,像港口空置这种传闻会迅速放大人们对通胀的恐慌,使理性判断更难。

比特币持有者的核心优势,是懂得“认知谦逊”。当前宏观的本质是:债务太多,政府无法靠增税或削减支出来应对,最终只能通过货币贬值化解,这会削弱债券价值,却利好比特币。关键的是在社交媒体的噪音中,辨别真正重要的信号。

(二)比特币的逆袭:从边缘资产到市场主导者

Anthony Pompliano:比特币持有者的优势在于“认知空白”,承认对传统金融的不了解,反而因此更能接受新范式。比特币不是智商测试,而是认知灵活性的测试:能否跳出旧思维,认识到我们已身处全新的经济范式。

如今资本正加速向自主投资者转移,自主投资者、独立投资者、散户才是市场真正的主导力量。机构虽有资金,但常陷于复杂策略,比如对冲操作本质只是套利;而散户的“买入并持有”策略更简单,也更有效,已在特斯拉、Palantir、游戏驿站等案例中多次验证。

在货币贬值的大背景下,最朴素的“买入持有”策略往往胜过精妙的金融工程。

Jordi Visser:华尔街长期信奉的“美联储看跌期权”理论正在经历根本性变革。传统金融危机往往形成 U 型底部(缓慢触底回升),但如今市场却呈现出 I 型直线反弹(暴跌后立即回升)。

背后有两大原因:

  1. AI 重塑经济结构,灵活用工普及让大规模失业难以发生,传统衰退模式失效;

  2. 衰退成了政策选择,政府用通胀政策对冲技术带来的通缩压力,经济在技术通缩与政策通胀之间平衡。

比特币投资者能识破这一趋势,源于两点认知:

  • 明白“美联储看跌期权”实质是不断的货币贬值;

  • 高频交易训练了心态,像扑克玩家一样能在压力下冷静决策。

Anthony Pompliano:当市场共识与真实走势背离时,如何识别有效的经济信号?当权威判断与市场现实持续背离,什么才是真正的领先指标?

Jordi Visser:我认为今年股市仍会波动,但企业盈利增长、经济基本面稳定。

Paul Tudor Jones 在美中关税缓和前就转向看空,Steve Cohen 也预计衰退概率达 45% 、市场或将回调。但要警惕:当知名投资者唱空时,可能是因错过反弹而试图引导市场情绪。

我不认为市场会二次探底,原因在于 AI 产业的特殊财务模式:科技巨头虽计划 3000 亿美元资本支出,但今年只需摊销 300 亿,这种“收入前置、成本后延”的模式,短期内为标普 500 提供了利润空间。类似情形曾出现在云计算和互联网早期,不同的是如今科技企业负债更低。

长期看(2-3 年后),当 Mag 7 企业需要交出真实回报时,挑战才会显现。红杉指出,初创企业正逐步侵蚀巨头市场份额。预计市场创出新高后将承压,但短期不会重回低点。

(三)AI 革命:重构经济规则的力量

Anthony Pompliano:当 AI 初创企业敢于挑战行业巨头,这些“对手的选择”难道不是最有力的价值背书?

Jordi Visser:基于 Stripe 最新披露的数据,以 Cursor 为代表的 AI 编程工具已实现 3 亿美元年度经常性收入,与 Replit、Windsurf 等创新产品共同推动软件开发范式的结构性变革。

虽然 AI 尚无法取代顶尖 2% 的程序员,但它已经能替代 80% 的基础编码工作,且这个比例还在持续攀升。

技术变革的影响可类比橄榄球中的进攻战术:初创公司仅需突破少数“防线”,而大企业受限于架构、惯性和合规,转型成本更高。这一结构性差异,正是解释企业数字化转型效率分化的关键变量。

特别是中型企业(市值 3 – 20 亿美元)面临两难:既缺乏初创的灵活性,又难以享受规模优势,更有 63% 的公司背负浮动利率债务,在通胀维持 3.2% 的环境下承压明显。这种“中间层困境”凸显了技术革命中的结构性成本。

展望 2024 – 2029 ,标普 500 企业将面临新兴科技公司的正面冲击。这些颠覆者还会走传统 IPO 路线吗?相比纸上谈兵的老派经济学家,前线的创业者显然更有资格回答这个问题。

Anthony Pompliano:在生产力加速释放的背景下,未来三年内,看空资产还有依据吗?市场的悲观情绪,真的还能成立吗?

Jordi Visser:市场历史学家 Russell Napier 指出,比起短期经济波动,资本流动结构的变化才是真正关键。关税政策推动美元回流,将持续压制美元,进而影响收益率曲线。

在 AI 驱动的新经济格局下,股市呈现两大特点:前 10% 人群贡献一半消费,叠加庞大资产和转移支付,消费韧性强;同时, 3000 亿美元的 AI 支出推高利润率并带动基建投资。传统的衰退预警模型正在失效。

尽管部分中小企业承压,但整体市场更可能横盘震荡而非大幅下跌,最大风险是跑不赢通胀。在这个技术驱动的时代,忽视 AI 带来的生产力变革,可能错失重要的投资机遇。

(四)债务、利率与比特币的避险逻辑

Anthony Pompliano:为何在地缘政治局势尚未完全明朗前,比特币总能率先完成价格调整?

Jordi Visser:当前经济政策环境下,比特币的机构采用率正加速增长。主权财富基金和政府机构持续增持,人们终于开始将其视为资产配置的必要组成部分,因其与传统资产的低相关性具有独特价值。比特币在市场下跌时展现抗跌性,并在股市反弹前率先回升。

然而下半年或将面临债务赤字问题引发的利率上行风险。30 年期国债收益率已逼近 20 年高位,这与亚洲资本回流及美国财政状况恶化直接相关。当 10 年期国债收益率突破 4.8% -4.85% 区间时,股债相关性可能发生转变。养老金基金因利率上行已实现资金充足,或将加大债券配置,进而继续推高长期利率。

Anthony Pompliano:您认为 10 年期美债收益率需要达到什么水平?从政策和经济全局考虑,这一上限是否应低于 4% ,甚至更低?真正代表“政策成功”的收益率标准,究竟应是多少?

Jordi Visser:比特币价格走势的核心驱动因素在于美元指数与美债收益率的相关性变化。当前市场呈现结构性分化:尽管美股持续反弹,但美元指数波动区间收窄,同时联邦基金利率维持高位。这种背离状态难以长期持续。

随着利率水平进一步上升,美国消费信贷与住房抵押贷款违约率已攀升至周期高位。在此背景下,政策制定者可能被迫推出住房市场救助政策。虽然直接实施量化宽松的可能性较低,但不排除推出类似硅谷银行事件中的定向流动性支持措施。

在 AI 技术驱动的新经济范式下,利率上行对科技行业的影响呈现显著分化。头部科技企业 Mag 7 (特指微软、苹果、英伟达等七家科技巨头)基本免疫融资成本压力,AI 领域公司亦展现出较强的盈利韧性。这种结构性差异为比特币潜在的轧空行情提供了基础。

Anthony Pompliano:对 AI 企业而言,利率越高反而可能带来更大竞争优势,但他们的竞争对手面临更高的资金成本。

Jordi Visser:当前经济呈现出结构性分化,企业破产与初创企业增长并存。传统企业因融资成本上升被迫退出,AI 初创则快速崛起,反映出资源配置效率的提升。但这一转型是否健康,仍需警惕潜在结构性风险。

关键在于判断:这是一种良性的市场自我调节,还是隐藏着系统性危机?传统产业的衰退能否与新兴行业的成长节奏相匹配,将决定这一轮转型的可持续性。

(五)创造性破坏:AI 时代的生存法则

Anthony Pompliano:如何判断当前经济调整的质量?被淘汰企业的资源是否有效转移至更具创新效率的新兴企业?

Jordi Visser:从微观层面看,企业倒闭确实会造成就业岗位流失和家庭收入中断等社会成本;但从宏观经济运行机制来看,这种优胜劣汰过程恰似企业的组织优化,是保持市场活力和促进产业升级的必要途径。这本质上就是经济衰退的应有之义,创造性破坏正在发生。

职业中断也可能成为技能升级的机会。去年我在对冲基金关闭后选择创业,转向 AI 学习和 Python 编程,实现职业转型。这说明只要有时间投入,即使在 58 岁,持续学习也能打破年龄限制,开启新职业路径。对求职者来说,掌握 AI 技能将显著提升竞争力。

Anthony Pompliano:特朗普团队在中东斩获数万亿投资承诺,虽非短期兑现,但在加税背景下,美国仍被视为开放市场。这些国家究竟把美国当作伙伴还是对手?这种认知对经济发展重要吗? 

Jordi Visser:对任何分期公布的引资数据都应保持审慎态度。美国净国际投资头寸已达负 27 万亿美元,这一可验证数据表明全球资本已深度介入。若美元持续贬值,境外持有的美国生产性资产将面临系统性减值风险。  

当前债务与财政赤字问题缺乏有效解决方案,美元弱势将呈现渐进性特征。美联储虽未重启量化宽松,但每周仅缩减 50 亿美元到期债券再投资规模,这种“名义紧缩”政策与亚欧投资者逐步减持美债的策略具有内在一致性——到期资金未必全额再投资。

更值得关注的是 AI 产业的全球化竞争格局。美国初创企业的技术优势正面临全球追赶,欧洲开发者完全具备开发 Cursor、Replit 同类产品的能力。若 Mag 7 企业市场地位动摇,全球收入再分配将引发资本流动格局重构,这种结构性变迁远比短期引资规模更具战略意义。

免责声明

本文内容不代表 ChainCatcher 观点,文中的观点、数据及结论均代表原作者或受访者个人立场,编译方保持中立态度且不为其准确性背书。不构成任何专业领域的建议或指导,读者应基于独立判断审慎使用。本编译行为仅限于知识分享目的,请读者严格遵守所在地区法律法规,不参与任何非法金融行为。

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What is $BITCOIN

DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN): A Comprehensive Analysis Introduction to DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) is a blockchain-based project operating on the Solana network, which aims to combine the characteristics of traditional precious metals with the innovation of decentralized technologies. While it shares a name with Bitcoin, often referred to as “digital gold” due to its perception as a store of value, DIGITAL GOLD is a separate token designed to create a unique ecosystem within the Web3 landscape. Its goal is to position itself as a viable alternative digital asset, although specifics regarding its applications and functionalities are still developing. What is DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN)? DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) is a cryptocurrency token explicitly designed for use on the Solana blockchain. In contrast to Bitcoin, which provides a widely recognized value storage role, this token appears to focus on broader applications and characteristics. Notable aspects include: Blockchain Infrastructure: The token is built on the Solana blockchain, known for its capacity to handle high-speed and low-cost transactions. Supply Dynamics: DIGITAL GOLD has a maximum supply capped at 100 quadrillion tokens (100P $BITCOIN), although details regarding its circulating supply are currently undisclosed. Utility: While precise functionalities are not explicitly outlined, there are indications that the token could be utilized for various applications, potentially involving decentralized applications (dApps) or asset tokenization strategies. Who is the Creator of DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN)? At present, the identity of the creators and development team behind DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) remains unknown. This situation is typical among many innovative projects within the blockchain space, particularly those aligning with decentralized finance and meme coin phenomena. While such anonymity may foster a community-driven culture, it intensifies concerns about governance and accountability. Who are the Investors of DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN)? The available information indicates that DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) does not have any known institutional backers or prominent venture capital investments. The project seems to operate on a peer-to-peer model focused on community support and adoption rather than traditional funding routes. Its activity and liquidity are primarily situated on decentralized exchanges (DEXs), such as PumpSwap, rather than established centralized trading platforms, further highlighting its grassroots approach. How DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) Works The operational mechanics of DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) can be elaborated on based on its blockchain design and network attributes: Consensus Mechanism: By leveraging Solana’s unique proof-of-history (PoH) combined with a proof-of-stake (PoS) model, the project ensures efficient transaction validation contributing to the network's high performance. Tokenomics: While specific deflationary mechanisms have not been extensively detailed, the vast maximum token supply implies that it may cater to microtransactions or niche use cases that are still to be defined. Interoperability: There exists the potential for integration with Solana’s broader ecosystem, including various decentralized finance (DeFi) platforms. However, the details regarding specific integrations remain unspecified. Timeline of Key Events Here is a timeline that highlights significant milestones concerning DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN): 2023: The initial deployment of the token occurs on the Solana blockchain, marked by its contract address. 2024: DIGITAL GOLD gains visibility as it becomes available for trading on decentralized exchanges like PumpSwap, allowing users to trade it against SOL. 2025: The project witnesses sporadic trading activity and potential interest in community-led engagements, although no noteworthy partnerships or technical advancements have been documented as of yet. Critical Analysis Strengths Scalability: The underlying Solana infrastructure supports high transaction volumes, which could enhance the utility of $BITCOIN in various transaction scenarios. Accessibility: The potential low trading price per token could attract retail investors, facilitating wider participation due to fractional ownership opportunities. Risks Lack of Transparency: The absence of publicly known backers, developers, or an audit process may yield skepticism regarding the project's sustainability and trustworthiness. Market Volatility: The trading activity is heavily reliant on speculative behavior, which can result in significant price volatility and uncertainty for investors. Conclusion DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) emerges as an intriguing yet ambiguous project within the rapidly evolving Solana ecosystem. While it attempts to leverage the “digital gold” narrative, its departure from Bitcoin's established role as a store of value underscores the need for a clearer differentiation of its intended utility and governance structure. Future acceptance and adoption will likely depend on addressing the current opacity and defining its operational and economic strategies more explicitly. Note: This report encompasses synthesised information available as of October 2023, and developments may have transpired beyond the research period.

513 Total ViewsPublished 2025.05.13Updated 2025.05.13

What is $BITCOIN

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