马斯克筹划在 DOGE 应用区块链

marsbitPublished on 2025-01-29Last updated on 2025-01-30

据称,埃隆·马斯克正在探索利用公有区块链来减少政府浪费性开支,并遏制欺诈和滥用现象。这一举措能否奏效?

马斯克的区块链构想


全球首富埃隆·马斯克据称认为,区块链技术可以提升政府效率。彭博社报道称,上周,马斯克与公有区块链的代表会面,探讨在他新成立的政府效率部(Department of Government Efficiency,简称 DOGE)中应用分布式数字账本的可能性,尽管目前尚未对外正式宣布。

如果马斯克成功在美国政府的某个部门(无论是 DOGE 还是其他机构)引入区块链技术,这对全球区块链行业意味着什么?

这一举措会否激励其他政府效仿?它的规模是否足以改变游戏规则,成为全球区块链发展的一个分水岭?

从理论上讲,公有、不可篡改的数字账本可以帮助追踪政府支出、保护数据安全,甚至用于支付。但技术、政治和教育层面的障碍依然存在。

Cointelegraph 试图剖析这些报道所引发的一系列问题。


区块链能否真正提高政府效率?


假设美国政府的一个或多个部门的财务记录被存储在公开透明、不可篡改的数字账本上,是否真的能够提高政府效率?

Concordium 一层区块链的首席执行官 Boris Bohrer-Bilowitzki 对 Cointelegraph 表示:

“如果选择合适的区块链,确实可以优化内部网络,彻底革新政府采购流程,并为国际支付和贸易融资提供新路径,而无需采用央行数字货币(CBDC)。”

他补充道,区块链的引入可能带来显著的效率提升,因为可以在此基础上构建全新的流程和架构,从而节约成本,而这些节约在现有数据库系统下是难以实现的。

Deaton Law Firm 管理合伙人 John Deaton 也对 Cointelegraph 说:

“区块链技术完全可以让政府机构将支出记录在不可篡改的数字账本上。这不仅可行,而且可以节约资金,同时减少谣言、猜测、阴谋论和虚假信息,有助于恢复公众信任,并降低腐败风险。”

根据彭博社的报道,马斯克的区块链讨论涉及多个应用场景,包括:

  • 追踪联邦支出
  • 保护数据安全
  • 处理支付
  • 管理政府建筑


不过,该报道也指出,在联邦政府这样庞大的体系内应用区块链仍是一个未经验证的概念。


哪些领域适合率先试点?


Deaton 认为,美国国防部(DoD)可能是一个良好的起点。该部门内部有多个机构,可以利用区块链技术进行供应链追踪,以防止欺诈和滥用。

此外,国税局(IRS)也可以借助区块链优化税收征管。Medicare 和 Medicaid 等医疗保险体系,以及社会福利、退伍军人福利、联邦养老金、残疾人补助等福利支出,都可以通过区块链提高透明度和效率。

智能合约还能用于自动化支付,减少人为错误并提升效率。Deaton 进一步设想道:

“设想一下,通过智能合约实现对外援助的实时跟踪,当满足特定条件时,资金便可自动释放。”


其他政府已有成功案例


全球专业服务公司安永(EY)多年来一直致力于推动区块链技术在公共领域的应用,并专门研发了一款名为 Public Finance Manager(PFM)的产品。

EY 全球区块链负责人 Paul Brody 告诉 Cointelegraph:

“这一构想的核心是追踪资金流向,并验证公共投资的产出。”

PFM 已被多个国际机构采用,加拿大多伦多市也已实施该方案。

Brody 解释称,区块链可以在资金使用的每个环节提供证明和验证,从而在采购流程中实现更高水平的透明度和问责机制:

“它可以精确跟踪每一美元的去向,使支出与成果直接挂钩。”

Brody 认为,政府采购可能是区块链带来最大投资回报率(ROI)的领域,尽管在一些其他应用场景(如文件公证)上,实施可能更为容易。

“我们已经在私营部门采购中找到了智能合约的极具吸引力的应用案例。”

Brody 还指出,政府支出的规模远超其他领域,因此:

“当区块链的自动化、严格执行、效率提升和问责机制规模化后,其影响力和社会效益将成倍增长。”


政治阻力与教育挑战


尽管区块链技术的潜力巨大,但障碍同样不容忽视。

Deaton 指出,阻碍这一进程的并非技术问题,而是政治阻力:

“职业政客们可能会极力反对。他们不希望公众看到每一分钱的税款是如何被花掉的。”

英国区块链协会(British Blockchain Association)创始人兼主席 Naseem Naqvi 则认为,政府透明度的提升仍需建立在广泛的教育基础之上。他告诉 Cointelegraph:

“根据 2023 年美国国会区块链核心小组的数据,不到 20% 的国会议员参与了与区块链相关的政策制定。”

Naqvi 强调,美国的首要挑战和机遇在于让政策制定者充分了解区块链的变革性影响。


全球政府区块链应用趋势


缺乏透明度导致全球每年损失 2%–5% 的 GDP,相当于 1.5 至 2.6 万亿美元,Naqvi 说。

相较而言,美国在政府区块链应用方面算是相对迟到者。目前已有十多个国家推出了国家级区块链发展路线图,包括:

  • 英国
  • 中国
  • 印度
  • 爱沙尼亚
  • 阿联酋
  • 德国


例如,阿联酋的“智慧迪拜”(Smart Dubai)项目每年为政府节省30 亿美元,同时减少 2500 万工时和 4.11 亿公里的行政处理行程。

爱沙尼亚则将整个政府架构建立在区块链上,并在过去十年间签发了超过 4 亿个数字签名,节省了 1400 年的工作时间,相当于 2% 的年度 GDP。

“从医疗保健、房产登记、数字法院、税收、电子投票,甚至电子居住(e-Residency)申请,爱沙尼亚正在树立全球标准。”——Naqvi


加速区块链行业发展


尽管爱沙尼亚的区块链实践令人赞赏,但它毕竟难以吸引全球关注。相较之下,特朗普政府最新的一举一动却备受世界瞩目。

如果马斯克所探讨的项目得以推进,它或将“加速整个行业的发展”,同时鼓励“更多优秀人才专注于区块链解决方案”,Concordium 首席执行官 Bohrer-Bilowitzki 说道。他补充道:

“区块链是一个不受党派限制的技术领域,其巨大潜力可以让不同政治立场的人共同推动技术进步。”

安永(EY)全球区块链负责人 Paul Brody 预测道:

“如果美国政府采取行动,这将释放出一个强烈信号,激发全球范围内的类似举措。”

John Deaton 进一步表示:

“毫无疑问,未来几乎所有的政府支出都将依托不可篡改的分布式账本技术。”

但问题是,这一变革将在 10 年内还是 50 年内发生?Deaton 认为,唯一的不确定因素就是时间。

英国区块链协会(British Blockchain Association)创始人 Naseem Naqvi 总结道:

“如果美国真正希望在全球经济竞争中保持领先地位,区块链必须成为核心——不仅仅用于金融体系,还应覆盖整个社会经济结构。”

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