比特币幂律之争:是预测模型还是“星座运势”?

币界网Published on 2024-08-09Last updated on 2024-08-09

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作者:Tom Mitchelhill,CoinTelegraph;编译:白水,

比特币幂律——一种表明比特币价格随时间持续增长的数学模型——已成为激烈争论的主题,批评者抨击其“存在严重缺陷”,并称它更像是一个“星座运势”,而不是加密货币价格的预测模型。

顾问兼比特币倡导者 Adrian Morris 指出,虽然比特币幂律被吹捧为比特币未来价格的预测模型,但其合理性却被其倡导者大大夸大了。

另一方面,意大利物理学家乔瓦尼·桑托斯塔西(Giovanni Santostasi)——比特币幂律的发现者指出,比特币幂律是不可否认的,只需亲眼见证。

比特币幂律的工作原理是将比特币的历史价格数据绘制在“对数-对数”刻度上——价格对数与时间对数沿着最适合该数据的线绘制。

幂律的支持者,包括Santostasi和他的同事、数学家弗雷德·克鲁格(Fred Krueger),表示该定律表明,比特币的价格在未来很长一段时间内应该会继续以相对稳定的速度增长。

比特币幂律表明比特币价格将继续增长。资料来源:Bitbo

幂律在自然界中很常见,已被应用于各种自然现象,从动物牙齿和爪子的生长、社会财富的分配(众所周知的帕累托原则)一直到绘制地震和龙卷风的严重程度。

Santostasi 指出,幂律不仅限于比特币的价格,还可以在各种与比特币相关的数据中找到,包括网络哈希率的增长和新比特币钱包地址随时间的增长率。

Santostasi 表示,幂律可以反映在比特币的诸多属性中。资料来源:Giovanni Santosasi

比特币幂律:统计学还是物理学?

但 Morris不相信幂律,因此对他提出了很多批评。

他指责Santostasi的幂律“过度拟合”数学数据,试图解释什么是人类系统。

Morris认为,对比特币数据的任何研究都属于统计学领域,而不是物理学领域,物理学更关心物质和能量的性质和属性。

“这是一个魔术,[Santostasi] 只是在表演花招。就是这样,”莫里斯说。

“他把一只统计兔子放进帽子里,然后又把一只物理兔子拉出来。”

然而,Santostasi驳斥了这一论点,他说,虽然人类显然参与了比特币的维护和增长——包括网络和市场价值——但它仍然可以被视为一个物理系统,尽管有人参与其中。

“它仍然是一个物理系统,因为存在根本性的物理限制,例如我们人类可以进行的互动次数和我们传输的信息量,”Santostasi 说。

此外,Santostasi 指出比特币的许多关键数据点——包括其难度调整算法、各种基于机器的反馈回路和矿工的能源需求——都可以被视为属于物理学领域。

Santostasi 提到了英国物理学家 Geoffrey West 的作品,他写了这本书

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Santostasi进一步强调了这一论断,他补充说,对比特币数据的研究完全属于“社会物理学”或“经济物理学”学科,这些学科使用数学工具来研究社交网络及其影响。

因此,Santostasi表示,比特币自诞生以来的价格走势完全符合幂律,因此可以用作模拟其未来增长的有力工具。

Morris:幂律更像是一个“星座运势”

Morris对幂律的下一个主要批评是,它利用了“后见之明偏差”,并包含了如此广泛的数据,以至于无法依靠它对未来做出有用的预测。

Morris总结说,幂律更像是一个“星座运势”,而不是一个预测模型。

“根据幂律,2045 年比特币的价格可能是 20 万美元。也可能是 1000 万美元。这不是很有预测性,”他说。

“说价格可能在六个标准差之内,这意味着它具有很高的可预测性,这是不诚实的,”Morris补充道。

“幂律只是带着后见之明偏差回顾过去,并用数学来证实这种偏差。这实际上只是以图形方式建模的确认偏差。”

比特币倡导者和网络经济学家蒂莫西·彼得森 (Timothy Peterson) 在 5 月 23 日发给 X 的帖子中对幂律提出了类似的批评,称幂律和永不回头 (NLB) 指标不能被视为可用于进行预测的“模型”。

“它们基于时间,而时间不是独立变量。它们是历史关系,但不是模型,”他说。

来源:Timothy Peterson

比特币幂律如何会失效?

Santostasi 承认,比特币幂律与所有幂律一样,并不是一个完全完美的预测工具,任何导致其价格以任何剧烈方式跌破或超过当前趋势线的超大持续变化都可能推翻幂律。

他指出,截至今天,比特币的价格需要在一段较长时间内跌至 30,000 美元的低点,幂律才会被推翻。

Santostasi 表示:“人们会亲眼看到这是否不再有效”,并指出任何偏离趋势的重大行为都将是失效的经验证据。

同样,他说,“超比特币化”的出现也将使该模型失效,这可能看起来像美国接受比特币作为其货币,并在几周内将价格推高至 250,000 美元以上。

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