# Сопутствующие статьи по теме Spread

Новостной центр HTX предлагает последние статьи и углубленный анализ по "Spread", охватывающие рыночные тренды, новости проектов, развитие технологий и политику регулирования в криптоиндустрии.

When the Spreads Reach 50%: The Rise of Pre-Market Crypto-Stock Arbitrage

In the context of the crypto bear market, a new arbitrage opportunity is gaining traction: pre-IPO stock tokenization trading across different platforms. The article highlights significant price discrepancies—sometimes exceeding 50%—for high-profile companies like Kalshi, Polymarket, and SpaceX (xAI) on platforms such as PreStocks, Jarsy, and Tessera. These gaps, driven by varying trading mechanisms and liquidity conditions, reveal a strong market demand for a unified platform that bridges traditional and crypto pre-market trading. The piece argues that building such an intermediary could capitalize on these arbitrage opportunities, especially with a wave of major IPOs expected in 2026, while generating revenue through trading fees and liquidity provision.

比推03/16 04:36

When the Spreads Reach 50%: The Rise of Pre-Market Crypto-Stock Arbitrage

比推03/16 04:36

Wall Street 'Withdraws' from Bitcoin Basis Arbitrage: CME Falls Out of Favor, the Golden Age of Arbitrage Comes to an End

Wall Street is retreating from the once-lucrative Bitcoin basis trade, as narrowing spreads between spot and futures prices have made the strategy barely profitable. The cash-and-carry trade, which involved buying Bitcoin spot (often via ETFs) and selling futures to capture the premium, has seen annualized returns drop to around 5%, down from nearly 17% a year ago, barely covering funding and execution costs. This compression has led to a significant shift in market structure: CME's Bitcoin futures open interest has fallen below Binance's for the first time since 2023, indicating a withdrawal of hedge funds and large US accounts from this specific arbitrage strategy. While CME was the preferred venue for this institutional trade, Binance's dominance in perpetual futures has remained steady. The approval of spot Bitcoin ETFs initially fueled the trade's popularity but also accelerated its decline by attracting capital that quickly eroded the arbitrage opportunity. The market is now maturing, with participants shifting from simple leveraged directional bets to using options, hedges, and expressing views through diverse instruments like ETFs. This increased efficiency has naturally narrowed price disparities between venues. As the era of easy, high returns from basis trading ends, participants are expected to seek more complex strategies in decentralized markets and other crypto assets.

marsbit01/22 11:34

Wall Street 'Withdraws' from Bitcoin Basis Arbitrage: CME Falls Out of Favor, the Golden Age of Arbitrage Comes to an End

marsbit01/22 11:34

The Advancing MM 1: Market Maker Inventory Quoting System

The article "Advancing MM 1: Market Maker Inventory Quoting System" explains why retail traders often experience price movements against their positions after buying altcoins. It argues this is not due to market manipulation but is a result of automated market maker (MM) systems responding to inventory risk and toxic order flow. When traders place large buy orders, MMs sell inventory, creating a short exposure. To mitigate this risk, MMs adjust their pricing using the Avellaneda-Stoikov model. They skew quotes lower to attract sellers and widen spreads to reduce transaction probability, aiming to return inventory to a balanced state while protecting against adverse selection. The reservation price, central to this model, is calculated as the mid-price adjusted by inventory levels and risk aversion. The article notes that retail traders are particularly affected because their orders are often large, concentrated, and not hedged—especially in low-liquidity altcoins. A suggested strategy for traders is to break large orders into smaller, less detectable increments, allowing them to buy at progressively better prices as the MM’s quoting system reacts. The post teasers follow-up articles on order book dynamics and toxic flow.

marsbit12/28 04:18

The Advancing MM 1: Market Maker Inventory Quoting System

marsbit12/28 04:18

Advancing MM 1: Market Maker Inventory Quoting System

"Attack of the MM 1: Market Maker Inventory Quoting System" by Dave explores why altcoin prices often move against retail traders immediately after their purchases, debunking the myth of intentional manipulation by "market manipulators." The article explains that this phenomenon is not due to malicious intent but is a result of automated market maker (MM) systems using the Avellaneda-Stoikov model for inventory-based pricing and protection against toxic order flow. When retail traders execute large buy orders, MMs sell, leading to a short inventory exposure. To mitigate risk, MMs adjust their strategies in two ways: 1. **Quote Skew**: They lower prices to attract sellers and discourage further buys, aiming to replenish inventory and protect their short position. 2. **Spread Widening**: They widen bid-ask spreads to reduce transaction probability and earn more spread profit to offset potential losses. The core mechanism involves the "Reservation Price," calculated as Mid Price − γ⋅q (where q is inventory and γ is risk aversion). Large retail orders disrupt inventory balance, causing MMs to adjust prices dynamically. Retail traders often face this due to their concentrated, unconcealed, and unhedged orders, especially in low-liquidity altcoins where their trades significantly impact pricing. The article concludes with a practical tip: instead of executing large orders at once, retail traders can break them into smaller, staggered orders to exploit MM pricing adjustments, achieving better average entry prices. A follow-up will discuss toxic order flow and order book dynamics.

深潮12/28 04:12

Advancing MM 1: Market Maker Inventory Quoting System

深潮12/28 04:12

Attack on MM 2: Market Maker Order Book and Order Flow

"Attack of the MM 2: Market Maker Order Books and Order Flow" by Dave explores the dynamics of market making in crypto, focusing on the Limit Order Book (LOB) and order flow. The LOB is the market maker's battlefield, defined by depth, tick size, and the concept of price improvement—providing better prices than the current best bid/ask to create market value. Market makers profit from the bid-ask spread, which covers order processing costs, inventory risk (holding assets amid price fluctuations), and adverse selection risk (being exploited by informed "toxic" traders). The spread types include quoted, effective, and realized spread, with the latter factoring in future mid-prices to measure true profitability. Order flow involves managing incoming trades, with a focus on identifying "toxic flow" from informed traders who can cause losses. Market makers use metrics like VPIN (Volume-weighted Probability of Informed Trading) to detect one-sided pressure and respond by pulling quotes, widening spreads, or reducing order sizes to mitigate risk. The article hints at deeper institutional strategies in future installments.

深潮12/28 04:03

Attack on MM 2: Market Maker Order Book and Order Flow

深潮12/28 04:03

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