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Racing to Be the First Stock: The Substance, Capabilities, and Ambition of China's Largest Independent Model Company

Zhipu AI, China's largest independent large language model (LLM) company by revenue, has passed its listing hearing on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange with a valuation of RMB 24.377 billion. Its IPO filing provides the first clear look at the financials of a major Chinese LLM player. From 2022 to 2024, Zhipu's revenue grew at a 130% CAGR, reaching RMB 310 million in 2024. Nearly 85% of its revenue comes from on-premise model deployments for enterprise clients, with the remainder from its MaaS (Model-as-a-Service) platform. Despite rapid revenue growth, the company reported significant adjusted net losses, driven overwhelmingly by R&D expenses which reached RMB 1.59 billion in H1 2025. A major portion of these costs is attributed to computing power, essential for training its flagship models. A key part of Zhipu's strategy is a "land and expand" approach: using strategic price cuts on its MaaS platform to attract a large user base (over 1.2 million enterprise developers) and then converting them into high-value on-premise clients. The release of its powerful open-source base model, GLM-4.5/4.6, which ranks among the top global models in several benchmarks, led to an exponential increase in API calls and token consumption. The company is betting that continued heavy R&D investment is necessary to stay at the forefront of the intensely competitive global AI market. Its leadership believes that possessing a superior base model is the ultimate product and the key to long-term growth, even if it requires substantial short-term losses. As one of the first Chinese LLM firms to file for an IPO, Zhipu's market debut is poised to be a major test for valuing China's independent AI industry.

marsbit12/23 11:13

Racing to Be the First Stock: The Substance, Capabilities, and Ambition of China's Largest Independent Model Company

marsbit12/23 11:13

Miners' 'Capitulation' Called a Bullish Factor for Bitcoin. Why

RBC Crypto reports that Bitcoin's price drop and increased mining competition have led to record-low profitability for miners, causing a "tactical" decline in hash rate in recent months. According to an analysis by VanEck, historical data since 2014 shows that periods of declining hash rate have often been a bullish signal for Bitcoin's price in the medium term. In 77% of cases where the hash rate fell over a 90-day period, Bitcoin's price saw positive returns over the next 180 days, with an average increase of 72%. This suggests that "miner capitulation may indicate a bottom" for Bitcoin's price. The hash rate peaked at around 1.31 Zh/s on October 24 but dropped to 1.02 Zh/s by December 23, a nearly 25% decline. During this period, Bitcoin's price fell from $110,000 to $87,500, having peaked at $126,200 in early October. Despite low profitability, many mining companies continue operations due to their belief in Bitcoin's future. The report also highlights the role of Digital Asset Treasury (DAT) companies, which have been accumulating Bitcoin as a reserve. Over a 30-day period until mid-December, these companies purchased approximately 42,000 BTC, the largest such acquisition since July-August 2025. However, DAT companies have faced challenges, with median stock prices for US and Canadian firms dropping 43% by December 8, and 70% of DAT stocks expected to be worth less by year-end. Additionally, 85% of tokens launched in 2025 have fallen below their initial offering price.

RBK-crypto12/23 11:07

Miners' 'Capitulation' Called a Bullish Factor for Bitcoin. Why

RBK-crypto12/23 11:07

2025 Bitcoin Protocol Layer Comprehensive Review

**Summary: Bitcoin Protocol Layer Review 2025** The 2025 Bitcoin Optech annual report highlights a major shift in Bitcoin's development, moving from "passive defense" to "active evolution." The year was defined by three core trends: **defensive hardening** against future quantum computing threats, **functional layering** to enhance scalability and programmability without compromising decentralization, and **infrastructure decentralization** to lower participation barriers and strengthen censorship resistance. Key developments include: 1. **Quantum Defense:** A clear, actionable roadmap emerged, with proposals like P2TSH and discussions on post-quantum signature schemes (e.g., Winternitz, STARKs). 2. **Soft Fork Proposals:** A surge in proposals (e.g., CTV, CSFS, OP_CCV) aimed at enabling more expressive scripts for native vaults and complex contracts. 3. **Mining Decentralization:** Progress on Stratum v2 and new protocols like MEVpool to return transaction selection power to individual miners and combat censorship. 4. **Security & Testing:** Enhanced immunity through rigorous vulnerability disclosures and differential fuzzing, which identified over 35 critical bugs. 5. **Lightning Network Splicing:** Experimental feature allowing dynamic channel balance adjustments without closures, significantly improving usability. 6. **Validation Efficiency:** Advancements in SwiftSync and Utreexo to dramatically reduce the resource requirements for running a full node. 7. **Cluster Mempool:** A near-complete overhaul of Bitcoin Core's transaction sorting algorithm for more predictable fee estimation and block building. 8. **P2P Network Optimizations:** Policy updates, like a lower default relay fee, and continued work on Erlay to improve transaction propagation and reduce bandwidth. 9. **OP_RETURN Debate:** A philosophical debate on block space usage sparked by a policy change that relaxed data carrier limits. 10. **Bitcoin Kernel:** A major architectural shift to decouple consensus code into a reusable component, improving security for the entire ecosystem. This report underscores Bitcoin's maturation, focusing on long-term security, scalability, and maintaining its core decentralized principles through foundational upgrades.

marsbit12/23 11:06

2025 Bitcoin Protocol Layer Comprehensive Review

marsbit12/23 11:06

RWA Weekly Report|Data: Approximately 50% of Euro Stablecoins Deployed on Ethereum; Potential Policy Adjustments as Trump Prepares for Next November's Midterm Elections May Again Impact Digital Assets (12.18-12.23)

RWA Weekly Report: Data shows approximately 50% of euro-denominated stablecoins are deployed on Ethereum; potential policy shifts as Trump prepares for midterm elections may impact digital asset markets (Dec 18–23, 2025). The on-chain value of Real World Assets (RWA) grew 1.65% to $19.05 billion, while the broader RWA market contracted slightly to $402.57 billion. User adoption continued to rise, with RWA holders increasing to 582,639 and stablecoin holders reaching 212.54 million. U.S. Treasury bonds remained the core asset at $8.7 billion, while commodities and private equity saw notable growth. Key developments include the SEC issuing new guidance for crypto asset custody and ATS operations, Hong Kong proposing new rules for insurer investments in crypto assets, and U.S. lawmakers discussing tax exemptions for small stablecoin transactions. Data from Token Terminal indicates about half of all euro stablecoins are on Ethereum. Political focus remains on potential policy adjustments by Trump ahead of the 2026 midterm elections, which could affect digital asset markets. Projects like Ondo Finance and MSX (STONKS) are advancing tokenized traditional assets, with Ondo expanding to Solana and MSX preparing for Nasdaq’s potential entry into tokenized stocks. Ghana legalized cryptocurrency trading and is exploring gold-backed stablecoins, reflecting global regulatory evolution. Stablecoin supply reached $300 billion in 2025, with significant transaction volume driving growth in related ecosystems.

Odaily星球日报12/23 10:48

RWA Weekly Report|Data: Approximately 50% of Euro Stablecoins Deployed on Ethereum; Potential Policy Adjustments as Trump Prepares for Next November's Midterm Elections May Again Impact Digital Assets (12.18-12.23)

Odaily星球日报12/23 10:48

Gold and Silver Have Gone Crazy: Is Bitcoin 'Lagging Behind' or Building Momentum During Christmas Week?

During the Christmas week, global markets saw a surge in safe-haven assets like gold and silver, which reached new all-time highs amid a weaker dollar and falling Treasury yields. In contrast, Bitcoin remained stagnant, trading within a narrow range of $88,000–$89,000, failing to capitalize on favorable macro conditions. Market participants are questioning whether Bitcoin will experience a "Santa Rally," a seasonal uptick often seen in traditional risk assets. Analysts note that the current macro environment remains in a "wait-and-see" mode, with investors cautious ahead of key U.S. economic data releases. ETF flows reflect this uncertainty, with Bitcoin and Ethereum ETFs seeing significant outflows, while smaller altcoins like XRP and Solana saw minor inflows. Technically, Bitcoin is consolidating, with key resistance at $93,000–$95,000 and support near $85,000. A major $24 billion options expiration on Friday adds to the short-term volatility, with bulls targeting $100,000 and bears defending $85,000. Analysts like Gabriel Selby of CF Benchmarks suggest Bitcoin’s current behavior doesn’t align with a typical Santa Rally, noting low volume and a lack of momentum. Legendary trader Peter Brandt reiterated his long-term cycle analysis, predicting a new bull market peak by September 2029 after a significant correction. Historically, Bitcoin’s Christmas performance has been mixed, with an average gain of 7.9% since 2011. This year, however, the focus is on structural consolidation rather than festive optimism. Bitcoin’s pause highlights its current perception as a risk asset, with direction likely depending on renewed institutional interest rather than seasonal trends.

marsbit12/23 10:08

Gold and Silver Have Gone Crazy: Is Bitcoin 'Lagging Behind' or Building Momentum During Christmas Week?

marsbit12/23 10:08

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