10亿人无缝进入元宇宙?微信正内测XR小程序

蜂巢TechОпубликовано 2023-01-19Обновлено 2023-01-19

Введение

作为月活 13.09 亿的国民级应用,微信的每次小升级都很容易形成现象级。2023 开年,微信要放大招,试图把元宇宙装进小程序。

作为月活 13.09 亿的国民级应用,微信的每次小升级都很容易形成现象级。2023 开年,微信要放大招,试图把元宇宙装进小程序。

不久前,微信官方在开放社区贴出了「XR-FRAME」开发指南,这是一套为小程序定制的 XR(扩展现实)/3D 应用解决方案。简单来说,该方案上线后将从底层赋予小程序扩展现实和 3D 能力,让未来小程序的人机交互方式由 2D 向更立体化的 3D 转变。

当前,XR-FRAME 还处于测试阶段,根据官方发布的 Demo 看,该组件可以更好地呈现 3D 效果,并提供 AR 换脸、AR 游戏等体验。据透露,微信率先将 XR 小程序的试水场景瞄准了电商领域,落地 AR 试穿试戴、AR 家装等不同类型案例。

从战略角度,把元宇宙装进微信小程序,腾讯居安思危。经济学家朱嘉明预测,未来人们社交的基本形态将在元宇宙中进行,倘若这一切真的发生,微信等传统的社交模式将被颠覆。打败微信的可能并非「抖音」社交,而是元宇宙应用。

小程序要 3D 化

还记得在微信风靡一时的小游戏「跳一跳」吗?玩家通过长按屏幕让小人蓄力跳跃到前方的盒子上得分,小人不慎掉落则游戏结束。这款游戏在 2017 年 12 月登陆微信小程序,引来了无数玩家比拼较量。几个月前,消除闯关游戏「羊了个羊」也以微信小程序为载体火爆全网。

自 2017 年 1 月微信小程序上线以来,多款现象级应用在其中诞生。依托庞大的微信用户群,小程序为开发者们提供了一片新的创作土壤。6 年来,小程序的平台能力和底层框架也在不断升级。2023 年刚开年,小程序曝出大动作——正在内测 XR 框架。

XR 即扩展现实,是 VR( 虚拟现实 )、AR( 增强现实 )、MR( 混合现实 ) 的合称,可为受众带来真实与虚拟结合、人机交互的环境。不久前,微信官方在微信开放社区贴出了「XR-FRAME」开发指南,根据描述,这是一套小程序官方提供的 XR/3D 应用解决方案,基于混合方案实现,性能逼近原生、效果好、易用、强扩展、渐进式、遵循小程序开发标准。

现在这一底层框架还处于测试阶段,小程序官方在开放社区贴出了详细的教程,指导开发者们如何从头构建一个 XR 小程序。

比起当前小程序采用的 Canvas( 画布 ) 组件,xr-frame 带来了更多能力。据介绍,其提供 xml(可扩展标记语言)的方式来描述 3D 场景,并集成了 AR、物理、动画、粒子、后处理等等系统,上手简单。同时,内置完整的 PBR(基于物理的渲染)效果、环境光照、阴影,可以快速通过全景图生成环境数据。此外还有渲染性能逼近原生、扩展性强等优势。

XR 小程序开发效果示例

简单理解,xr-frame 的上线将从底层赋予小程序扩展现实和 3D 能力,将让未来小程序的人机交互方式由 2D 向更立体化的 3D 转变。

根据官方发布的 Demo 来看,获得 xr-frame 支持后,虚拟 3D 人、3D 物、3D 场景都可以在小程序里更好地呈现,此外 AR 换脸、扫描平面获得 AR 游戏、扫描特定图片获得 AR 交互等功能也可实现。这意味着,以后的微信小程序将有更多具有交互性的应用出现。

按照测试节奏,XR 小程序功能很可能在中国农历新年后全量上线,业界普遍将其视为下一个微信大版本升级的核心功能。

让元宇宙发生在微信上?

微信内测 XR 小程序,恰处于元宇宙浪潮激荡之时。这个动作释放了一个信号,微信小程序将一定程度担起腾讯布局元宇宙的使命。

虽然诸如 Meta、百度等互联网巨头都开发了元宇宙全景应用,但体验和人气都十分有限。目前与元宇宙相关的应用场景主要体现在人机交互游戏、沉浸式电商购物、虚拟人直播、虚拟会议等方面。没有自建元宇宙平台,腾讯试水元宇宙,选了个轻巧做法,借助微信流量入口,用小程序先接入虚拟现实场景。

据透露,目前微信率先将 XR 小程序的试水场景瞄准了电商,并与多个不同品类品牌小程序合作,落地 AR 试穿试戴、AR 家装等不同类型案例。

现阶段,XR 技术最普遍应用于电商领域。在传统的电商购物体验中,消费者只能依赖商家展示的图片 / 视频进行购物决策,最终购买后往往会出现买家秀与卖家秀差距过大的情况。而在引入 AR 技术后,传统电商平台的商品展示模式逐渐被颠覆,尤其在服装试穿、珠宝穿戴、美妆试用等特定场景下,AR 能够帮助用户做出更正确的决策。

尽管微信一直不是电商的主战场,但诸如 NIKE、Adidas、香奈儿等消费品牌都上线了相关的微信小程序,当 XR 功能上线后,这些品牌可以更好地展示商品,或许会带动微信电商生态的增长。

另外,可以想象的是,未来微信小程序中也将诞生更多 3D 建模以及现实交互感更强的小游戏,也许,下一款爆款小游戏将是截然不同的 3D 形态。

琳琅满目的微信小程序

事实上,作为微信生态重要的组成部分,小程序也进入了发展瓶颈。为了实现无需下载、用完即走的效果,微信小程序在性能上做出巨大的牺牲,同样的应用在微信小程序上的表现往往不如 APP。这也导致,小程序没有如人们预想一样成为颠覆性的应用,相反,某些功能性较强的应用如果通过小程序使用,显得鸡肋。

XR 功能的上线能否为小程序打开增长空间尚未可知。有开发者担忧地表示,xr-frame 能否达到预期还需要谨慎乐观。毕竟小程序的设计初衷就是要求快速,这里的「快」指的是加载以及渲染,所以导致微信小程序一直是以 webview 渲染为主、原生渲染为辅的混合渲染方式,也使得小程序的开发主要是以前端技术为主。然而 xr-frame 的 3D 化开发则需要完全不同的技术栈,对于渲染的开销也成倍提升,这就要求开发者要有更为优秀的优化水平。此外,在优质 3D 建模动辄占用较大内存的情况下,小程序提供的 XR 体验是否会有折扣也要打个问号。

当然,微信作为月活 13.09 亿的「国民级应用」,流量优势显著,只要有优异的小程序出现,一定不缺用户。这也会吸引大量的品牌方、开发者在上面进行尝试,所以 xr-frame 的上线将会带动小程序开发生态的繁荣。

从战略角度而言,把元宇宙装进小程序也是腾讯在社交领域的进一步探索,海外的社交巨头 Meta 已经开始了。

经济学家、横琴数链数字金融研究院学术与技术委员会主席朱嘉明曾认为,Facebook 之所以改名为 Meta,是因为 Facebook 本来就是元宇宙,只不过在此前的时代,数字技术发展还有局限,社交体验只能以图文、视频的方式呈现。他预测,未来人们社交的基本形态将在元宇宙中进行,打破时空、地理界限,带来更沉浸式的体验。

倘若这一切真的发生,微信、QQ 等传统的社交应用模式将被颠覆,打败微信的可能并非「抖音」这样的视频社交应用,而是元宇宙。

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