特朗普行政命令后,Ripple申请美联储主账户事宜获得新动力

bitcoinistОпубликовано 2026-05-21Обновлено 2026-05-21

Введение

美国总统特朗普签署行政命令,要求美国金融监管机构评估是否应让金融科技和加密相关公司更广泛地接入核心支付基础设施。这为瑞波(Ripple)寻求获得美联储主账户以支持其RLUSD稳定币战略的努力注入了新动力。该命令将这一长期行业争议推向华盛顿金融政策议程的核心。 命令要求美联储在120天内评估法律和政策框架,研究是否允许未受保的存款机构及非银行金融公司(包括从事数字资产业务者)接入联储支付账户和服务,并检视地区联储银行在审批申请时能否独立决策。 对瑞波而言,时机关键。该公司已于2025年7月申请美国国家银行章程并寻求联储主账户,以直接接入央行支付系统并持有RLUSD储备。此前,Kraken Financial已率先获得有限用途的联储主账户,而Custodia Bank的申请则曾遭拒并引发诉讼。联储也在探讨为支付创新机构设立限制性“支付账户”的方案。 特朗普的命令虽未直接批准瑞波申请,但将政策辩论纳入正式时间表,核心问题是:构建加密支付和稳定币基础设施的公司是否应继续依赖银行中介,还是应获得有限制的直接接入美元结算体系的权限。

美国总统唐纳德·特朗普已签署一项行政命令,推动美国金融监管机构并要求美联储采取行动,审查金融科技和加密相关公司是否应获得更广泛的核心支付基础设施准入。对于Ripple而言,该公司一直在寻求为其RLUSD稳定币战略配套的美联储主账户,此命令将使这场长期的行业斗争更接近华盛顿金融政策议程的中心。

这项发布于5月19日、名为"将金融科技创新融入监管框架"的命令将问题框定为竞争和现代化议题。命令称:"联邦政府必须更新法规,以允许数字资产和创新技术融入传统金融服务和支付系统。联邦政府还必须消除过度繁重和碎片化的监管及监督做法,这些做法形成了市场准入壁垒,并主要使现有的金融服务公司受益。"

对加密货币公司而言,最重要的部分是涉及美联储服务的章节。该命令要求美联储评估未参保的存款机构和非银行金融公司(包括从事数字资产业务的公司)接入联邦储备银行支付账户和支付服务的法律、监管和政策框架。美联储被要求在120天内提交调查结果和建议,包括现有法律是否允许扩大准入范围,以及地区储备银行在批准或拒绝申请时是否可以独立行动。

这对Ripple意味着什么

对Ripple而言,时机值得注意。在2025年7月,首席执行官布拉德·加林豪斯表示,公司已申请美国国家银行牌照,同时也在寻求获得美联储主账户,以便接入美联储的支付基础设施,并直接在中央银行持有RLUSD储备金。Ripple的牌照申请已得到货币监理署的确认,而主账户申请则被定位为公司更广泛的稳定币和支付战略的一部分。

Ripple的申请并非孤立事件。Kraken交易所旗下在怀俄明州注册的银行业务部门Kraken Financial于3月宣布,已获得美联储主账户,成为美国第一家获得直接接入美联储支付基础设施权限的数字资产银行。Kraken表示,此项批准经过了超过五年的监管沟通,将允许在不依赖中介银行的情况下直接接入Fedwire系统。

这项批准已成为该领域其他公司的模板和警示。Kraken的账户是有限目的的,初始授予期限为一年,使其能够接入Fedwire并持有有限的隔夜余额,但不享受储备金利息、美联储紧急贷款、FedNow即时支付系统或ACH(自动清算所)服务。其他寻求类似接入权限的公司包括Ripple、Anchorage Digital和Wise。

值得注意的是,该问题已在法庭上受到考验。另一家专注于加密货币的怀俄明州机构Custodia Bank于2020年10月申请主账户,于2022年因申请延迟起诉美联储,并于2023年1月被拒绝申请。在2025年和2026年,上诉法院的判决强化了"储备银行保留拒绝主账户申请的自主裁量权"的观点,这一法律背景正是特朗普命令中明确要求美联储审视的。

Ripple也表现出对一条更有限途径的兴趣。11月,Ripple首席法律官斯图·阿尔德罗蒂表示,尽管有限制,美联储的"精简版"账户概念仍具吸引力,因为它仍可以在不授予传统主账户全部权益的情况下,改善RLUSD储备金的赎回能力。

在特朗普的命令发布之前,美联储已经打开了这扇门。去年12月,它就为专注于支付创新的合格机构开设特殊目的"支付账户"征求公众意见。该原型账户将不同于主账户,不支付利息,不提供美联储信贷,并受余额上限限制。

Ripple推进稳定币的战略为主账户问题增添了份量。该公司在去年12月表示,OCC已附条件批准了Ripple National Trust Bank,这是一家受联邦监管的信托银行,将在纽约州金融服务部和OCC的共同监督下管理RLUSD储备金。

总体而言,特朗普的命令并未授予Ripple主账户。然而,它确实将这个政策问题推入了一个正式的时间线:即,构建加密支付和稳定币基础设施的公司是应该继续依赖银行中介,还是应该获得对美元结算之下的主权支付轨道的直接、风险受控的接入权限。

截至发稿时,XRP交易价格为1.3647美元。

XRP多头需突破0.618斐波那契阻力位,周线图 | 来源:TradingView.com上的XRPUSDT图表

Связанные с этим вопросы

Q特朗普签署的行政命令对Ripple寻求联邦储备系统主账户有何影响?

A该行政命令要求美联储重新评估包括数字资产公司在内的非银行金融机构接入其支付账户和服务的框架,为Ripple长期争取主账户的努力创造了政策窗口,将这一问题推向了华盛顿金融政策议程的中心,并设定了120天的正式审议时间表。

QRipple申请美联储主账户的目的是什么?

ARipple申请美联储主账户是其稳定币RLUSD和支付战略的核心部分。获得主账户后,Ripple将能直接接入美联储的支付基础设施,并可将RLUSD的储备金直接存放在中央银行,从而提升其支付效率和稳定币的可赎回性。

Q除了Ripple,还有哪些机构在寻求美联储的主账户或类似接入权限?

A除了Ripple,还包括已获得有限目的主账户的Kraken Financial、Anchorage Digital以及汇款公司Wise。此外,专注于加密货币的Custodia Bank也曾申请,但被美联储拒绝,并引发了法律诉讼。

Q美联储提出的“简易”支付账户与主账户有何不同?

A美联储提出的“支付账户”是一种特殊目的账户,与主账户不同。它不支付利息、不提供美联储信贷、有余额上限,且专门面向专注于支付创新的合格机构。这是一种接入权限更有限、限制更多的方案。

QKraken获得美联储主账户对行业有何示范意义?

AKraken成为美国首家获得美联储主账户的数字资产银行,为行业树立了先例和模板。但该账户是有限目的的、有效期仅一年,且功能受限(例如不能接入FedNow、ACH,不计息)。这既展示了可能性,也表明了当前准入的严格限制和审慎态度。

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