Aave 押注 RWA:Horizon 会是下一个增长引擎吗?

深潮Опубликовано 2025-08-27Обновлено 2025-08-28

Horizon 是一个专门服务于 RWA 的借贷市场。

撰文:ChandlerZ,Foresight News

8 月 28 日,Aave Labs 宣布正式推出以太坊 RWA 市场 Horizon。机构及合格用户可通过 RWA 抵押借取稳定币,支持 Circle、Superstate 及 Centrifuge 抵押品。合作机构包括蚂蚁数字科技、Chainlink、Ethena、KAIO、OpenEden、Ripple、Securitize、VanEck 及 WisdomTree。

该项目的提案最早于 3 月提出,该公司表示,希望为 Aave DAO 创造新的收入来源,并加强 GHO 在 DeFi 中的效用。

但提案页面也显示,若创建代币,Aave DAO 可能会获得 15% 的分配以及收入共享安排。但众多反对用户认为新的代币可能会稀释现有 AAVE 代币的价值,破坏 AAVE 作为唯一治理和实用代币的地位。引发热烈讨论后 Aave 创始人 Stani Kulechov 最终表示,将不会为 Aave 提出的产品 Horizon 创造新的代币。

Horizon 是什么?能否为 Aave 带来新的增长?

Horizon 是什么?

按照 Aave Labs 的定义,Horizon 是一个专门服务于 RWA 的借贷市场。机构投资者可以把代币化的美国国债、货币市场基金、甚至 AAA 级贷款债抵押在里面,然后借出稳定币来维持流动性。普通用户则无门槛参与,把稳定币存进去赚利息。

技术上,Horizon 还是建立在 Aave 协议 v3.3 之上,依然是非托管、自动化的架构。Chainlink 的 NAVLink 负责提供抵押品的净值,Llama Risk 和 Chaos Labs 做风险评估。听上去很机构友好,但也保留了 DeFi 的透明和自动执行。

符合 RWA 发行机构要求的合格投资者可以在 Horizon 上存入 RWA 作为抵押品。每个发行机构负责设定各自的要求并管理代币访问的权限。

当 RWA 代币供应到位时,Horizon 会发行一个不可转让的 aToken,代表抵押品头寸。用户可以借入相当于其抵押品价值一定比例的稳定币,每种抵押品类型都有各自设定的贷款价值比 (LTV) 参数。

向 Horizon 提供稳定币无需任何许可。任何人都可以向机构提供 RLUSD、USDC 或 GHO 供借贷。用户向市场提供他们选择的稳定币,即可获得代表其存款的 aToken。aToken 可赚取收益,并可随时提取。

启动合作伙伴和资产

项目一开始就拉来了不少合作伙伴,Horizon 上线时,包含 Superstate(USTB 和 USCC)以及 Centrifuge(JRTSY 和 JAAA)的 RWA 抵押品选项。Circle 的 USYC 也即将上线。稳定币借贷机构可以提供 GHO、RLUSD 和 USDC。

  • Circle 的 USYC 提供通过投资多元化的高质量短期美国国债投资组合来赚取美元收益的机会。

  • Superstate 的 USTB 和 USCC 提供通过短期美国政府证券和加密货币套利策略赚取收益的机会。

  • Centrifuge 的 JRTSY 和 JAAA 提供通过代币化投资美国国库券和 AAA 级抵押贷款债务来赚取收益的机会。

Horizon 网络中的其他机构包括蚂蚁数字科技、Ethena、KAIO(前身为 Libre)、OpenEden、Securitize、VanEck 和 WisdomTree。

为什么 Aave 要做这件事?

过去几年,Aave 一直是 DeFi 借贷的龙头之一,但一个现实问题是加密原生市场的增长到了瓶颈。ETH、USDC、DAI 这些老朋友的借贷量基本稳定下来,长尾资产虽然多,但风险更高,没法支撑起新的增长。

与此同时,RWA 却成了行业的新风口。代币化国债规模两年内翻了几倍,BlackRock、富兰克林这样的传统巨头都下场试水。Aave 认为,目前链上已有超过 250 亿美元的 RWA 资产,但大部分都分散在传统基础设施中。Horizon 允许这些资产作为稳定币贷款的实时抵押品,从而释放更大的效用。对于 Aave 来说,这是个不能错过的机会。如果能把 RWA 引进来,不仅能吸引新资金,还能给自己的稳定币 GHO 找到更坚实的使用场景。

Aave 在 3 月首次公布 Horizon 计划时,本意是将 RWA 引入 DeFi,为机构提供抵押借贷的合规入口。但提案中涉及的一项设计迅速引发了 DAO 内部的争议,即是否要为 Horizon 发行全新的代币。

根据最初的设想,如果 Horizon 推出独立代币,AaveDAO 将获得约 15% 的分配,同时享有一定的收入分享权。但这一方案立刻遭到大量反对。许多社区成员担心,新代币会稀释 AAVE 的价值,破坏 AAVE 作为唯一治理和实用代币的地位。像 Aave Chan Initiative 的 Marc Zeller 就公开表示,自己不会支持这种形式的提案。

随着讨论的升温,Aave 创始人 StaniKulechov 在 3 月中旬亲自出面澄清,明确表示不会为 Horizon 创造新的代币,开发团队会尊重 DAO 的共识,称「总体共识是 DAO 没有兴趣引入新的代币,这个共识会得到尊重。AaveDAO 是真正的 DAO。」这一表态让部分社区成员松了一口气,他们认为这是对 AAVE 价值和治理体系的保护。Horizon 的代币化争议才最终告一段落。

Horizon 的上线,意味着 Aave 已经从加密原生借贷协议走向了一个更具野心的方向。当然挑战并未消失。Horizon 并不是 RWA 的第一个尝试,它让 Aave 加入了这场逐渐升温的竞争。

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