小扎真扎心,Meta要开始收“元宇宙税”了

Techsoho Опубликовано 2022-04-24Обновлено 2022-04-24

Введение

Meta最终还是还是露出了自己的爪牙。

Meta最终还是还是露出了自己的爪牙。

近日,Meta(原Facebook)在博客中宣布,将在旗下的元宇宙平台HorizonWorlds里测试一系列新工具,帮助一部分创作者在平台上出售数字资产,不过Meta会从创作者的收入中抽取一定比例的佣金,其中WEB端、移动端的用户,Meta将从中抽取25%的佣金,而对于通过OculusVR头显进入的用户,Meta要抽取高达47.5%的佣金。

Meta在博客发出之后立刻引来了一众吃瓜群众与开发者的热潮。其实,平台对软件开发者收取一定比例的佣金在行业中早已是司空见惯之事,例如苹果与谷歌其应用商店都会拿走15%-25%不等的佣金,国内的硬核联盟也会抽取40%的佣金,可近50%的佣金在行业中也是鲜有耳闻,更何况当前HorizonWorlds并不像AppStore、GooglePlay那样,能够为开发者提供一系列丰富的服务,元宇宙税现在该收吗?

01

襁褓中的元宇宙

2021年无疑是元宇宙元年,其爆发的强度和市场的响应速度,远高于互联网最初出现时的景象。一方面,从“元宇宙第一股”Roblox将元宇宙概念写入其招股说明书,打响元宇宙第一枪,到大小企业纷纷入局,再到Facebook宣布其正式更名为“Meta”,元宇宙相关的企业们将元宇宙热度推向高潮;另一方面,一些知名机构和消费者也对元宇宙的应用提供了积极的反馈信号,加州伯克利大学在沙盒游戏“我的世界(Minecraft)”元宇宙中复刻了整个校园,虚拟毕业生们在里面合影留念;中国的抖音平台,虚拟人柳夜熙在“美妆+虚拟偶像+元宇宙”等概念的加持下爆火……

但是,元宇宙在2022年仍是襁褓中的婴儿,仍有五大问题需待解决。第一是连接入口问题,目前人们进入元宇宙的途径仍以穿戴设备和人机交互为主,远远达不到像《复仇者联盟》里无需穿戴笨重设备,直接连线后对方的虚拟形象就会出现在你的面前,同时你的虚拟形象也会出现在对方的空间,并且可以实现仿真互动那样。第二是行业应用问题。当前元宇宙主要应用于娱乐、社交、游戏、NFT艺术品等领域,与生产制造领域的融合尚不够密切,可元宇宙的实时永续、数字孪生、融合现实等特性在生产制造上具有深度应用前景,目前受限于技术的能力,其潜力还远没有被挖掘。

第三,信息安全问题。网络安全和数据隐私问题近年来愈发严峻,元宇宙的永续性、实时性、可连接性、可创造性等特性说明其中的数据量将呈现指数级增长,数据的调取和使用也更加频繁,但现在我们仍无法同时平衡好和信息安全的关系;第四是规则设计问题。虚拟世界具有与现实世界一一对应的各项要素,那么虚拟世界的社会规则、经济规则、商业规则、文化体系、治理体系等究竟应该如何设计呢?第五是能源供给问题。元宇宙复杂的运行机制需要消耗大量的网络资源、存储资源和算力资源,其稳定运行离不开新基建的建设,目前的5G基站建设、大数据中心、超级/智能算力中心等建设还远远达不到元宇宙所需要的条件。

02

拔苗助长的Meta

虽然说元宇宙目前还处于襁褓之中,但是Meta(目前国内外元宇宙布局最为激进的科技巨头)可等不及了,不仅给自己改了个名,并且还在硬件入口、底层技术、人工智能以及内容四大组件方向上着力布局。

在硬件入口上,Meta早在2014年便收购了VR设备厂商Oculus,后者在Counterpoint机构公布的市场调查中,以85%的出货量份额领跑全球XR市场,并且在VR市场也75%的市场份额位居第一,目前Meta在AR、VR、XR领域均处于硬件领先地位。

而在底层技术上,Facebook承诺2021年将在FacebookRealityLab(前身OculusResearch,为Meta元宇宙研发部门)投入100亿美元,进一步加强自研技术,例如Meta内部已经开始着手新OS研发,以消除对Android的依赖;除了自研技术,Meta还通过密集投资进一步充实技术储备,投资方向较为集中,主要包括计算机视觉、面部视觉、眼动追踪、人工智能、VR/AR变焦技术等,Meta有意将一系列前沿科技整合后以极低成本快速注入市场。

在人工智能上,Meta通过与与全球13大学和实验室合作,目前已成功打造了全球最大的第一视角视频数据集Ego4D,旨在通过收集第一人称镜头以训练下一代人工智能模型,帮助人工智能理解或识别现实世界或虚拟世界中的某些事物,最终实现提升元宇宙使用体验之目的。

而在最重要的内容上,Meta以往也是走的投资路线,通过投资收购一系列知名VR游戏开发商、影视内容制作方等以补充内容板块,例如收购云游戏公司PlayGiga、VR游戏《LoneEcho》开发商ReadyAtDawn等。

而且,Meta自身及旗下社交平台也在持续丰富虚拟体验,例如Facebook的3D全景视频可以在其头戴VR设备OculusRift上呈现,FacebookWorkplace可以为居家办公和视频互动提供解决方案,还有此次提到的元宇宙税主体——HorizonWorlds元宇宙平台,支持创作者可以使用VR应用程序中的工具设计自己的世界和游戏,不过未来将要收取高额的平台佣金,这对于还是处于起步阶段的平台生态建设来说无异于杀鸡取卵,比较类似的平台还有第二人生、Roblox、Minecraft、Fortnite……

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