Satoshi Nakamoto’s Bitcoin Could Get Stolen, But A BTC Dev Has Proprosed A Solution

bitcoinistPublished on 2026-03-08Last updated on 2026-03-08

Abstract

Satoshi Nakamoto's Bitcoin holdings, approximately 1.1 million BTC, are at risk of being stolen due to quantum threats, as they are stored in a Pay-to-Public-Key (P2PK) address that exposes the public key. BTC developer Hunter Beast has proposed the Hourglass V2 solution to mitigate potential market impacts if these coins are compromised. The proposal limits P2PK outputs to 1 BTC per block, preventing quantum attackers from dumping large amounts of Bitcoin at once. Without this restriction, over 300,000 BTC could be released per block, causing severe market disruption. The Hourglass V2 aims to reduce selling pressure while avoiding confiscatory measures like freezing or burning Satoshi's coins, which could set a dangerous precedent. If activated, it would take over 32 years to move all P2PK coins, significantly lowering quantum-related risks.

Satoshi Nakamoto’s Bitcoin holdings risk getting stolen as the quantum threat becomes more of a possibility. BTC developer Hunter Beast has notably proposed the Hourglass V2 proposal amid debates on the best way to handle Satoshi’s supply, to mitigate the impact of sell pressure that Bitcoin could face if these coins get stolen.

BTC Dev Provides Solution On How To Handle Satoshi Nakamoto’s Bitcoin Holdings

Beast has proposed version 2 of the Hourglass proposal, which aims to reduce the Pay-to-Public-Key (P2PK) output that can be included in transaction inputs to 1 BTC per block. It is worth noting that Satoshi Nakamoto’s Bitcoin stash of around 1.1 million BTC is a P2PK address, which exposes the public key and makes it more vulnerable to quantum attacks.

A Chainalysis report revealed that approximately $718 billion in Bitcoin is held in addressesvulnerable to quantum attacks, including these P2PK addresses. As such, Bitcoin could face an unprecedented supply shock if these coins get stolen by quantum attackers.

Beast’s Hourglass proposal aims to minimize selling pressure to the barest minimum while also offering a compromise on whether to freeze or burn Satoshi Nakamoto’s coins to prevent them from falling into the wrong hands. The Hourglass v2 proposal also noted that burning or freezing these coins may be viewed as confiscatory, which could set a dangerous precedent for changing Bitcoin’s monetary policy going forward.

If activated, the Hourglass V2 proposal will ensure that only one P2PK output may be included as a transaction input per block. Furthermore, no P2PK outputs to any address not currently being spent from can be created. Lastly, no P2PK outputs can be created from other output types.

Meanwhile, it is worth noting that this proposal applies only to P2PK addresses, and other outputs that are vulnerable to quantum threats remain at risk. This is because putting similar restrictions on other output types may limit the transition to quantum-resistant Bitcoin addresses. These other output types are still commonly used, unlike Satoshi Nakamoto’s P2PK address, which makes the latter easy to sunset.

Rationale For The Proposal

The Hourglass V2 proposal will limit P2PK output to approximately 144 BTC per day. Beast noted that this should effectively mitigate the market impacts of quantum attacks on P2PK coins since these quantum attackers won’t be able to dump all the Bitcoin at once.

Without such restrictions, over 6,000 P2PK transactions could be executed in each block, releasing over 300,000 BTC per block to the market. At such a rate, all P2PK coins, including Satoshi Nakamoto’s, could be spent in just a few hours.

However, under the rules of the Hourglass V2, it would take more than 32 years to move all P2PK coins, which drastically reduces quantum-related market risks. A positive is that original keyholders, such as Satoshi Nakamoto, should remain able to move their coins even after the proposal is activated, as long as no quantum actors are currently competing for P2PK transactions.

BTC trading at $67,799 on the 1D chart | Source: BTCUSDT on Tradingview.com

Related Questions

QWhat is the main concern regarding Satoshi Nakamoto's Bitcoin holdings as discussed in the article?

AThe main concern is that Satoshi Nakamoto's Bitcoin holdings, stored in a P2PK address, are vulnerable to being stolen by quantum attacks, which could lead to an unprecedented supply shock and massive sell pressure on Bitcoin.

QWho proposed the Hourglass V2 solution and what is its primary goal?

ABTC developer Hunter Beast proposed the Hourglass V2 solution. Its primary goal is to mitigate the market impact of a potential quantum attack by limiting the amount of vulnerable P2PK coins that can be moved per block, thereby preventing a sudden dump on the market.

QHow does the Hourglass V2 proposal specifically restrict P2PK transactions?

AThe proposal restricts transactions by allowing only one P2PK output to be included as a transaction input per block. It also prevents the creation of new P2PK outputs from addresses not currently hold them and prohibits creating P2PK outputs from other output types.

QAccording to the article, why is it easier to apply these restrictions to P2PK addresses rather than other quantum-vulnerable output types?

AIt is easier to apply restrictions to P2PK addresses because, unlike other commonly used output types, Satoshi Nakamoto's P2PK address is unique and not in active use, making it simpler to 'sunset' or phase out without disrupting the broader network's transition to quantum-resistant addresses.

QWhat is the estimated timeframe to move all P2PK coins under the Hourglass V2 rules, and how does this mitigate risk?

AUnder the Hourglass V2 rules, it would take more than 32 years to move all P2PK coins. This drastically reduces quantum-related market risks by preventing attackers from dumping a massive amount of Bitcoin all at once, thus minimizing potential selling pressure.

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