下一个加密叙事是什么?

不确定思维Published on 2022-10-10Last updated on 2022-10-10

Abstract

自从 9 月 15 日以太坊 2.0 合并以来,加密市场一下安静了下来,有时甚至寂静的有些吓人。

自从 9 月 15 日以太坊 2.0 合并以来,加密市场一下安静了下来,有时甚至寂静的有些吓人。

今天 XEN 的免费 mint,大概是近一个也以来除了被黑事件以外唯一的热点了。

市场预冷,宏观不可控因素过多,人心容易涣散,受不了离开的人也会越来越多。

这种时候,只有多给自己洗洗脑壳,或许才能坚持到下一次浪潮到来。

掰着指头往后数一数,离下次大饼减半还有一年半载,如果这个叙事依然有效,那下一次牛市还有两年。

个人到不是很期待下一次减半,大概率很难像以前那样对市场造成非常大的推力,毕竟供给侧变化不大,还要看需求侧有什么新的叙事逻辑。

回头看,每一次加密叙事大的出圈,都是在内部发酵几轮后,才产生了外部赚钱效应的广泛传播。

所以个人觉得,下一次大概率仍然会是从内部的某一个局部的新玩法、新 ponzi 开始,开始可能也只是一部分人的非共识所驱动。

下面简单叨叨一些自己最近观察和思考的叙事发展方向:

真实收益产品

从 DeFi Summer 以来,参与 DeFi 项目大部分的收益来源,都是通过各种方法获取项目代币,并在二级市场出售。

2020 年 yearn 的 yDAI 产品,当时收益率一度有 10-20%,同期很多机枪池产品,都有非常高的 U 本位收益。追其本质,依然是通过挖各种项目代币出售的收益。

这些挖矿收益,并不能算是真实收益,本质上跟炒 B 没有太大区别。

在 Uniswap 提供 LP 获得的交易手续费,在 AAVE 提供贷款的利息,这些可以算是真实收益,它们是在没有代币激励的情况下,可以持续产生的资金费。

做 LP 收益虽然高,但无常风险大,搞不好要亏。AAVE 借贷相对安全,但利息又很低,目前都比不上传统商业银行。

在加密市场,衍生品交易一直是能获得高额手续费的业务,但大部分流量都被头部交易所垄断了。

上一个周期中,虽然有很多 DeFi 的衍生品项目,但大多交易量不行。DyDx 这种也是靠着代币补贴吸引了一些用户。

原因有很多,web 交互不友好、主网太慢、alt L1 不够安全、L2 迟迟没到位、预言机不支持等等综合因素。

随着以太坊合并,L2 目前发展也相对进入一个新时期,我们可以看到 arb 和 op 上头部项目都是衍生品应用。

目前大部分链上衍生品的模式,都是 LP 提供风险资本,做交易者的对手方,赚取交易手续费的同时,承担交易者盈利的资金支出。

这个模式 LP 就相当于裸庄,相对中心化的庄要透明一些,如果项目机制有漏洞的情况下,LP 可能有亏损发生。

有研究表明,大部分时间衍生品交易者是持续亏钱的,但做 LP 并不能排除黑天鹅事件的长尾风险。

目前这类真实收益项目发展受到蛮多关注,像 GMX 在目前整体下行的市场,它的走势还是比较亮眼的。

ETH 流动性抵押衍生品

ETH 流动性抵押衍生品简称 LSP(Liquid Staking Derivatives),为方便无法自己运行 ETH POS 验证节点的用户,提供的一种抵押服务。

用户可以存任意数量的 ETH 到这类服务,相应的会收到抵押凭证,Lido、Rocket pool 都是提供类似服务的项目,对应的 LSP 是 stETH 和 rETH。

由于抵押的 ETH 无法立即取出,stETH 在合并前一直存在较大折价,这种情况在合并后得到了很好的改善。

自 ETH 合并以来,我们可以看到像 stETH 这种流动性抵押衍生品,价值很快回归到接近 1:1。

ETH 的 POS 收益目前有 4%+,算上 MEV 等收益,可以达到 5%+,这是纯加密原生的收益。

这个收益率有如下特点:

抵押品规模超大,容量很大

收益具有波动性,基础收益 + 增强收益

抵押品存取有时间周期

供应链完善,有明确的供应商和需求方

具有抗审查性

具有非证券特征

可合理避税

综合以上特征分析,未来 LSP 被大量机构资金投资的可能性非常大。目前也可看到一些传统商业机构也在推出相关的质押服务。

这种趋势叠加 ETH 现在的低通胀,未来会在需求侧形成巨大虹吸效应。简单叙事类比可以对标 2020-21 年的灰度在 GBTC 上的操作。

ETH LSP 相对 GBTC 的好处是跨期时间可控,有明确的赎回路径,二级市场规模也够大。

另一方面,之前链上很多基于 ETH 抵押模式的协议,也会慢慢的都将切换到 LSP 抵押,这都会在需求侧减少代币流通。

LSP 收益率的波动性,也会促进固收和利率互换协议的发展。

各种围绕 LSP 的新项目、新玩法也会非常多,类似去年的算稳吸血,LSP 或许也会出现一波争夺流动性的战争。

如果把 ETH 看做 USDC,stETH 看做 FRAX,是否会出现非足额抵押的 ETH POS 抵押模式?

COSMOS 应用链

上月 Delphi Digital 发了一篇研报「# Finding a Home for Labs」,重点分析了各个 L1 的利弊,最终结论是他们要 all in cosmos 生态。

DyDx 在宣布要迁移到 Cosmos 架构时,也引起了加密社区的广泛讨论。

之前 cosmos 最大的链是 terra,它之后感觉 cosmos 一直有些支离破碎的感觉,没有形成有机整体。没有一个类似星球基地的大本营。

但最近,很多新鲜的链都在基于 cosmos-sdk 发布,像 canto、sei、berachain 等等,他们的共同特点是将 DeFi 原语直接内嵌到底层逻辑中,半开放的模式,专注 DeFi 某一业务领域。

回头看看 DyDx 这种衍生品应用,确实好像不太需要非常强的可组合性,只需要确保手续费足够有吸引力,交易速度够快,够安全即可。

如果以太坊是 BJ,L2 就有点像京郊和廊坊,而 cosmos 就像是西部荒地。Delphi 或许就是看中了它的啥也没有,一片荒芜。

DID&合约钱包

web3 自 stepn 熄火以来,感觉基本没有啥太大的热点了,很零散,大多集中在商业化领域。

最近看到很多 DID 的叙事,最多的是域名相关的,另一部分是关于链上身份证明 / 积分的。

个人感觉目前这些声量比较大的 DID 叙事逻辑,都不太能戳中真实需求。身份要解决的最大问题就是安全 + 易用。

至于如何识别身份,真的有太多方法了,而且是随着周边生态的繁荣而不断迭代的。今天是图片,明天就是名字,后天不知道是啥高科技手段。

要想让 web3 大范围采用,就要把进入的门槛降到很低。就像移动互联网让用户只需一个手机号就可以任意访问一样,不需要邮箱,不需要密码。

ERC4337 账户抽象,有可能为加密应用带来手机号认证一样的便捷认证方式,它可以为用户实现安全的合约钱包功能,进而可以实现项目方代缴注册和交易费。

这种功能几乎可以让用户对助记词 / 私钥等复杂技术无感,对游戏这种类型应用会非常有帮助。

而合约钱包目前的使用形态大多是 toB 的,这种内嵌模式,会成为 web3 应用的一个重要基础设施。

其他

除了以上叙事逻辑,L2 也会是近期的为数不多的热点,zksync 还有 20 多天要上线主网,arbitrum 好像也有要发 b 的预兆。

以太坊下一次上海升级,可能有 4844,会利好 L2,但也有质押的 ETH 解锁,也可能会短期增加抛压的不确定性。

这轮跟上一轮不太一样的地方是,上轮 N 多项目爱西欧是有白皮书的,一些跑路了,一些交付了,交付的部分应用活跃了 2020 的夏天。

而这波 NFT 基本是没白皮书的,也没啥路线图,他们未来要去向何方,还真不好说。

下一波大的啥时候来?难说!宏观有些悲观~

离下一次大饼减半还有一年半了~

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