俄罗斯燃料危机趋于缓和:各地区开始取消加油站限购措施

cryptonews.ruPublished on 2026-08-01Last updated on 2026-08-01

Abstract

俄罗斯的燃料危机开始缓解:多个地区已开始取消加油站的限购措施。此前,由于乌克兰无人机袭击了莫斯科炼油厂和克拉斯诺达尔边疆区的油库,扰乱了南部地区的供应物流,导致2026年6月底超过20个地区出现汽油和柴油短缺并实施限购。 目前情况已逐步好转。截至7月底,多个地区放宽或取消了限制: - 外贝加尔边疆区自7月30日起完全取消了加油站QR码预订系统。 - 奥伦堡州州长于7月28日宣布全面取消加油站燃油销售限额。 - 萨拉托夫州将个人汽油日限购量从30升提高至40升。 - 萨马拉州则决定维持现有限额(汽油40升、柴油100升)不予收紧,但禁止灌装油桶。 危机高峰期,超过20个地区实施了严格限购,例如萨拉托夫州曾限购30升汽油,奥伦堡州限购40升汽油和80升柴油。官方解释称限购旨在抑制激增了20-30%的恐慌性需求。 分析指出,零售限购的放松反映了销售环节的稳定,但未解决炼油能力受损这一根本问题。据估算,无人机袭击已导致俄罗斯至少17%的炼油产能(相当于每日110万桶)停产。在当前炼油产能持续承压的背景下,部分地区取消限购可能带来风险:如果工厂维修无法在供暖季开始前弥补产量缺口,秋季可能再次出现限购。当前的稳定态势能否持续,将取决于后续是否发生新的袭击浪潮。

因汽油和柴油短缺,于2026年6月底在俄罗斯20多个地区实施的加油站限购措施已开始缓解。7月28日至30日的一周内,多个联邦主体的当局宣布取消或放宽限制——加油站运营正逐步恢复正常模式。

外贝加尔边疆区:全面取消QR码系统

自2026年7月30日起,外贝加尔边疆区取消了加油站的QR码系统——该地区住房公用事业、能源、数字化与通信部表示,加油站已转为无需提前预订燃料的正常运营模式。该决定解释为库存充足和供应稳定。

鄂木斯克州取消燃油销售限制

鄂木斯克州州长维塔利·霍岑科于2026年7月28日在其Max即时通讯软件频道中宣布,完全取消加油站的燃油销售限制。此前该地区实施的限制包括:

  • 单次加油不超过40升汽油;

  • 不超过80升柴油;

  • 公路加油站柴油销售上限为200升。

萨拉托夫州提高单日限额

萨拉托夫州行动指挥部决定,将面向个人的汽油销售限额提高至每日40升——此前限制为30升。州长罗曼·布萨尔金于2026年7月28日宣布了这一决定,他本人此前曾在燃料局势逐步稳定的背景下提议放宽限制。此前,该地区当局曾实行更严格的限额。

萨马拉州:维持现行限制且未收紧

在萨马拉州,现行限制——轿车用汽油不超过40升、柴油不超过100升,以及禁止使用油桶加油——得以延续且未收紧。该州州长维亚切斯拉夫·费多里谢夫指出,截至2026年7月底,局势已趋稳定,加油站排队现象减少。

燃料危机如何开始

加油站的限制措施是在乌克兰无人机袭击燃料能源综合体设施的背景下出现的——莫斯科炼油厂和克拉斯诺达尔边疆区的一处油库受损,破坏了该国南部的物流供应。炼油厂以最大负荷运行,计划维修被推迟,汽油出口自4月1日至7月31日受到限制,而完全禁止柴油出口则被作为一项单独措施进行讨论。供应优先保障农业生产者。

危机高峰期,超过20个地区实施限购:

  • 6月23日至30日,萨拉托夫州每辆车最多销售30升汽油;

  • 鄂木斯克州城市地区——汽油最多40升,柴油最多80升;

  • 在沃罗涅日州的卢克石油加油站——城市地区汽油30升、柴油60升,公路加油站分别为60升和200升;

  • 在奔萨州,允许加注最多100升汽油和200升柴油;

  • 在萨马拉州和库尔干州,实施汽油40升、柴油80-100升的限制;

  • 6月24日至28日,利佩茨克州——汽油不超过30升。

官方部门解释称,加油站限购是为了抑制恐慌性需求,此类需求增长了20-30%。同时,从克里米亚到伊尔库茨克州的限制地理范围,被视为问题系统性的标志。在此背景下,也曾讨论为东部地区从中国采购燃料的方案,但中国的汽油出口受到国有公司中石化和中石油配额的严格管制,且未记录到通过陆路边境的大宗确认交易。

人工智能观点

从机器数据分析的角度看,零售限购的放宽反映了销售环节的稳定,但并未消除短缺的根本原因——石油精炼的状况。根据路透社的计算,无人机袭击导致俄罗斯至少17%的炼油产能(即每日110万桶)瘫痪——这一规模与往年重大制裁限制的后果相当。

在炼油能力持续承压的背景下,部分地区取消限购,带来了秋季再次出现限制措施的风险,如果工厂维修无法在采暖季开始前弥补损失的产量。当前的稳定局面能否持续,还是各地区将在下一波袭击时恢复限购模式?

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Related Questions

Q俄罗斯的燃料危机近期出现了什么积极变化?

A俄罗斯的燃料危机近期出现缓和,多地开始取消或放宽加油站的限制措施。从7月28日至30日,包括外贝加尔边疆区、鄂木斯克州等在内的多个联邦主体报告称,正在解除或放松对燃料销售的配额限制,加油站运营正逐步恢复正常。

Q外贝加尔边疆区是如何解除燃料限制的?

A外贝加尔边疆区从2026年7月30日起,完全取消了加油站基于QR码的预约加油系统。该地区住房、公共事业、能源、数字化和通信部宣布,加油站已恢复无需预先预订燃料的正常运营模式。做出这一决定的原因是库存充足和供应趋于稳定。

Q此次燃料危机最初是由什么原因引发的?

A此次燃料危机最初是由乌克兰无人机对俄罗斯燃料能源设施发动袭击引发的。莫斯科的一家炼油厂和克拉斯诺达尔边疆区的一处油库受损,这扰乱了该国南部的燃料供应物流,进而导致了全国范围内的供应短缺和恐慌性购买。

Q根据人工智能分析,当前放宽限制措施是否意味着根本问题得到解决?

A不,并未解决根本问题。人工智能分析指出,放宽零售限制反映了销售环节的稳定,但并未消除短缺的根本原因——即炼油产能的状况。据估计,无人机袭击已导致俄罗斯至少17%的炼油产能(相当于每日110万桶)瘫痪,这与过去重大制裁限制的后果规模相当。

Q人工智能分析对未来几个月的燃料供应形势有何预警?

A人工智能分析预警,在炼油产能持续承压的背景下,部分地区的限制解除可能会带来新的风险。如果受损工厂的维修无法在供暖季开始前弥补损失的产量,那么今年秋季可能再次出现燃料短缺并引发新一轮的配额限制。当前的稳定局面能否持续,取决于炼油厂的修复进度和未来是否遭受新的袭击。

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