Ethereum

Focuses on innovations and dynamics within the Ethereum ecosystem, including DeFi, NFTs, Layer 2 solutions, contract upgrades, and community events, showcasing the cutting-edge development of Web3.

Five Years Later, Vitalik Overturns the Future He Set for Ethereum

Five years after championing Layer 2 (L2) scaling as Ethereum's future, Vitalik Buterin has dramatically reversed his position, declaring that L2s have largely failed to fulfill their original vision of "branded sharding." In a pivotal post, he argued that most L2 solutions remain highly centralized, reliant on multi-signature bridges and sequencers, and thus are not truly extending Ethereum's security or decentralization. The initial push for L2s was a survival response to Ethereum's cripplingly high fees and congestion during the 2021 DeFi and NFT boom, when competitors like Solana gained traction. However, despite massive venture funding—with projects like Arbitrum, Optimism, and Starknet raising billions—progress toward full decentralization (Stage 2) has been slow. Many operate more like centralized databases, prioritizing control and regulatory compliance over Ethereum's core values. Meanwhile, Ethereum itself has scaled significantly. Through upgrades like EIP-4844 and increased gas limits, L1 transaction fees have plummeted by over 99%, often costing just cents. This reduces L2's cost advantage and exposes their drawbacks: bridge vulnerabilities, fragmented liquidity, and complex user experiences. Vitalik now urges L2s to pivot from mere scaling to providing unique functional value—like privacy, ultra-fast finality, or application-specific optimizations—that L1 cannot easily offer. He reframes L2s as a spectrum of specialized "plugins" rather than essential scaling layers. This shift signals a market consolidation where only L2s with genuine utility and decentralization will survive, ending an era of inflated valuations and "ghost chain" projects. Ethereum is reclaiming its sovereignty by becoming scalable on its own terms.

marsbit6h ago

Five Years Later, Vitalik Overturns the Future He Set for Ethereum

marsbit6h ago

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