ERC-20、ERC-721、ERC-1155、ERC-4626 和可组合性

元宇宙之道Published on 2022-08-20Last updated on 2022-08-20

Abstract

ERC-20、ERC-721、ERC-1155、ERC-4626、ERC-之类的,不知道各种以太坊代币标准是什么?为什么这些标准很重要?有兴趣了解哪些代币标准都服务于什么目的?想要了解整体情况?这个长推为你解答!

代币标准和可组合性

ERC-20、ERC-721、ERC-1155、ERC-4626、ERC-之类的,不知道各种以太坊代币标准是什么?为什么这些标准很重要?有兴趣了解哪些代币标准都服务于什么目的?想要了解整体情况?这个长推为你解答!

以太坊是一台世界计算机。它是由匿名和不受信任的节点组成的网络所维护的共享资源;通过共识达成一致,并且在经济上保障网络的安全。

以太坊网络提供可信的中立性,任何人都可以在上面独立和协作构建。

应用程序编程接口(API)是一种不同程序进行通信和开发者进行协调的机制。开发者会尽可能地隐藏他们程序的内部工作。通信被最大程度地简化和改进。

计算机科学基础:API 解释

从抽象(abstraction)的角度来说, API 是抽象在现实世界中的最常见的表现方式。一个 API 是一组定义好的规则,解释了程序/应用如何与彼此进行通信。

举个例子,我们设想一下,一个电商网站有一个价格机器人;用户向价格机器人给出水果的特质,而机器人会返回一个价格信息。

为了用价格机器人整合信息,你需要给它一个对象(水果)信息,并接受一个价格。因此,首先需要打包所有的对象信息:fruit_a = [apple, red, 200g, harvested 3 days ago]

现在,我们需要将这些信息喂给价格机器人。首先,我们调用(price_bot),接着通过让 price_bot 使用 calculate_price 的函数计算 fruit_a ,从而给我们一个价格,即 price_bot calculate_price(fruit_a)。

price_bot 将倾其所能计算出价格。作为用户,我们不知道也不关心屏幕背后发生的计算,我们只知道,最终 price_bot 会给我们一个的价格,即 price_bot.calculate_price(fruit_a) = price_fruit_a。

这就是价格机器人的 API:一个价格机器人支持的函数列表和如何使用他们的说明。这是一个示意图,由此开发者可以在无需掌握应用程序的情况下集成它。假设这个例子是真实的,那么这个 API 的文档应该是这样的:

从表面上看,API 开发工作可能不像编程;API 开发和记录更像写作而不是写代码。但不要被骗了,API 开发其实与写代码一样重要.......老实说,可能比写代码还要重要。

在世界计算机中,我们到处用得上 API:

集成协议

转移资产

构建可组合的投资

借入、借出和抵押资产

基本上,所有链上发生的事物不是 API 就是直接由 API 整合。

事实上,你可以将不同类型的代币标准视为符合某个 API 模板的一段代码。如果智能合约遵循了特定模板,那么它就是那种代币。

ERC-20

这是 ERC-20 的代币模板。为了生成一个 ERC-20 智能合约,开发者需要创建用来执行下面所有的方法和事件的代码。

所有 ERC-20 合约都支持这些函数;一位(不同的)开发者可以依靠下面这些来使用任何 ERC-20 合约。

ERC-20 是最为基础的代币标准,代表着当前大多数有效代币。它包括了治理代币、ve-toke(投票托管代币)、稳定币等。(ETH 不是 ERC-20 代币。)

ERC-721

ERC-721 代币一般被称为 NFT(非同质化代币)。这些代币(通常)代表着收藏品内独一无二或者可识别的物品,包括 PFP、艺术收藏品、财产等。

ERC-1155

ERC-1155 代币标准结合了 ERC-20 和 ERC-721 代币标准的特性,提供了一个单一接口来管理这些代币类型的任何组合。这可以用作一个更现代化的 ERC-20 和 ERC-721 替代方案,并且具有服务于游戏的独特功能。

ERC-4626

ERC-4626 是最新的代币标准,描述着有收益的金库。该标准为存入金库(或从金库赎回)的 ERC-20 代币提供了一个共同接口,以获得收益。这可以包括流动性挖矿和聚合,但还可以用到更多领域中。

ERC-777

ERC-777 是高度可配置却很少被使用的代币标准。它为 ERC-20 提供了升级,允许开发者附加在发送和/或接受代币时运行的代码。

尽管它被纳入在 https://ethereum.org,但我们在实践中很少看到 ERC-777。

快速回顾历史:

首先,互联网之前的时代,接着... 艾伦 图灵 → 机械计算 → 计算机 → 联网计算机 → 阿帕网 → 万维网(www)→ 互联网 → 比特币 → 以太坊大约在 2014 年到来,那时 @VitalikButerin 向我们介绍 ETH。

这是故事开始的地方。

以太坊只是基础设施,现在我们必须在上面构建。我们在此基础上设定的标准越丰富,我们就可以走得越远。

可以说,计算机科学是魔法,开发者是魔法师,而抽象就是咒语。可组合性则是目标。

抽象这一概念支撑着世界计算机展现其最重要的能力。

DeFi 之所以是一种更好的方式 —— 可组合性:是指让两件独立的事物的组合超过它们部分的总和的一种能力。

原生 ETH ..... ERC-20、721、777、1155、4626...... 随着每次 ERC 的增加,我们正在变得更加先进。每一种代币类型可以拥有更多的功能,每一个金钱 Lego 都将带来更多增值。

每个 ERC 标准的增加都将让我们更加靠近可编程的货币。

可编程的货币是全新的概念。如果货币是具体的、可编程的,就像乐高一样。

每一个协议会吸收塑料(即价值)并生产乐高积木(通常是钱)。这些积木可以和其他的积木结合在一起,创造某些定制的、全新的事物。

可编程的货币是全新的概念。如果货币是具体的、可编程的,就像乐高一样。

每一个协议会吸收塑料(即价值)并生产乐高积木(通常是钱)。这些积木可以和其他的积木结合在一起,创造某些定制的、全新的事物。

代币标准指的是可组合性如何在以太坊上展现(的一种方式)。

哎呀......我们都是构建者!不然你们觉得我们还会构建什么???

以太坊的杀手锏功能:可组合性。

我们之所以能拥有可组合性:抽象

抽象的目的:管理复杂性

管理复杂性有什么意义?—— 改变世界。

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