关于「开除鲍威尔」:预测市场听特朗普的,而利率市场听贝森特的

深潮Published on 2025-07-16Last updated on 2025-07-17

当前利率市场预计年底前仅降息43个基点,较6月的67个基点大幅回落。

撰文:龙玥,华尔街见闻

尽管特朗普解雇美联储主席鲍威尔的传闻愈演愈烈,但金融市场的两大「晴雨表」却给出了截然不同的信号。

数据显示,预测市场与利率市场在鲍威尔去留问题上出现明显分歧。最新的动态是,华尔街见闻撰文,鲍威尔 7 月 16 日(周三)将被面谈,特朗普已起草解雇信函。此番消息再一次推动了预测市场平台 Polymarket 上关于「鲍威尔在 2025 年被免职」的押注赔率走高。

然而,利率市场对鲍威尔提前离任的担忧程度明显低于 Polymarket 押注平台显示的概率。利率市场(Rates Market)是指利率衍生品市场,尤其是联邦基金期货市场,它通过交易价格反映对未来美联储利率的预期。

具体来看,在美国强于预期的就业数据发布后,利率市场反而减少了对降息的押注。目前利率市场预期美联储将在年底前降息 43 个基点,而截至 6 月底的降息幅度为 67 个基点。更为关键的是,美国财政部长贝森特此前在接受采访透露,并未完全支持特朗普总统对美联联储的尖锐评论,其更为温和的表态为利率市场提供了稳定锚。

由此,预测市场的参与者继续强化特朗普的「解雇言论」,而利率市场的交易员则选择相信贝森特的审慎立场以及显示通胀仍存上行风险的经济数据。

图为利率市场及预测市场的背离走势

市场分歧日益扩大

实际上,预测市场和利率市场从自 7 月初就开始分道扬镳。

在 7 月初之前,利率期货市场所隐含的降息概率与 Polymarket 上关于鲍威尔被免职的赔率走势基本保持一致。然而,这一同步关系在 7 月 2 日被打破。

7 月 2 日当日,特朗普公开要求鲍威尔辞职,Polymarket 的相关押注赔率随之攀升。但与此同时,短期利率市场基本未受影响。此外,7 月 3 日公布的就业数据强于预期,导致利率市场出现抛售,交易员开始降低对降息的预期。同日,财政部长贝森特在接受采访时,拒绝完全赞同特朗普关于美联储的言论。他的表态进一步强化了市场的审慎情绪。此后,两条曲线便走向了不同的方向。

据彭博宏观策略师 Simon White 分析,预测市场通常以政治言论为风向标,而利率市场更关注经济基本面和政策信号。

利率市场定价逻辑:数据与信号优先

利率市场的表现清晰地表明,交易员倾向于过滤掉政治「噪音」,而专注于经济「信号」。美国近期的就业数据意味着经济韧性尚存,通胀面临上行风险,这直接削弱了美联储短期内大幅降息的理由。

数据显示,利率市场目前预计美联储在年底前将降息 43 个基点,这远低于 6 月底时预测的 67 个基点。

这一变化的核心驱动力,除了经济数据外,便是财政部长贝森特的立场。作为连接白宫与金融市场的关键人物,他更为温和的言论被市场解读为政策连续性的重要信号,缓和了特朗普的激烈言辞。

但策略师 Simon White 指出,如果任何市场参与者相信特朗普的政治意愿最终将压倒一切,并成功安插一位更「鸽派」的美联储主席,那么 Polymarket 的赔率或许更接近真相。

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