矿机的轰鸣声远去,肯塔基州比特币热潮已告终结

深潮Published on 2025-05-26Last updated on 2025-05-26

鼎盛时期,肯塔基州贡献了全美约 20% 的工作量证明类型加密货币的挖矿算力。

撰文:Dina Temple-Raston

编译:Luffy,Foresight News

如果你驾车来到人口不足 400 的坎普顿市的郊外,你会听到加密货币挖矿设备发出的低鸣不断从树林中传来。走近后,这低鸣声的源头逐渐在你眼前清晰浮现:低矮的金属建筑群,形如集装箱,呈半圆形排列,风扇和处理器的嗡鸣声此起彼伏。场地周围设有铁丝网、监控摄像头,两名保安坐在警戒线外的皮卡车内值守。

像这样的金属集装箱漫山遍野,恰好坐落在昔日煤矿的旧址上。集装箱内,专用计算机正全速破解复杂的数学题 :通过算力竞争验证比特币交易,赚取微量比特币作为奖励。

在 2021 年的短暂时间里,这片地区仿佛迎来了新的繁荣,处处打着比特币的烙印。鼎盛时期,肯塔基州贡献了全美约 20% 的工作量证明类型加密货币的挖矿算力。

但在这里,繁荣与萧条自有其历史轨迹。当地官员表示,由于肯塔基州监管宽松且行业透明度普遍低下,难以确切统计州东部仍在运营的加密货币矿场数量。但当地人清楚,热潮已经开始退去

「他们要么在别人的土地上搭建矿场,或支付费用让当地公司提供场地,」 曾代理多名加密矿场客户的律师 Anna Whites 指控称,「他们会支付首期费用,或说服土地所有者支付首期费用,然后挖矿前三个月,等到下一个计费周期快开始时便消失得无影无踪。」

2022 年初,当莫霍克能源公司(Mohawk Energy)在肯塔基州詹金斯启动加密挖矿项目时,当地官员称这次会有所不同。由肯塔基州参议员 Brandon Smith 联合创立的莫霍克能源,买下了一栋占地 4.1 万平方英尺的庞大建筑以及周边 8 英亩的土地。该公司将大部分空间租给了一家来自中国的加密货币挖矿企业,其余区域则设有教室和实操培训中心,旨在教当地人维修 iPad、维护比特币矿机,并培养数字经济所需的技能。这对詹金斯来说是一件大事:当地公共电视台报道了项目启动,视频画面中可见工具箱、工人和笑容满面的政府官员。

「莫霍克的计划是雇佣退休煤矿工人和回到肯塔基州东部却找不到工作的残疾退伍军人,并对他们进行培训,」 Whites 说(莫霍克是她的客户之一),「除其他承诺外,该项目还开出了接近六位数的薪资,并誓言将部分挖矿收益投入培训项目以助其发展。有一段时间,这一切确实奏效了。」

Whites 表示,在大约 18 个月的短暂时间里,情况看起来充满希望:28 个家庭实现了真正的收益,每个家庭有一人获得了稳定的工作,另有约 30 名亲属在附近找到了工作。但当我们问及现状时,她停顿了一下。「我相信他们中的大多数人又失业了。」

变故来得相当突然。中国合作伙伴以莫霍克违约为由提起诉讼,莫霍克则提出反诉。双方共享的加密货币收益从未兑现。如今,随着部分肯塔基州居民对比特币挖矿不再抱有幻想,他们开始以曾经谈论煤矿和哈希率的口吻谈论人工智能数据中心,他们言语中带着一种谨慎的期待。他们说,人工智能可能带来就业、光纤网络和长久的发展。

Colby Kirk 运营着一个名为 One East Kentucky 的非营利组织,该组织致力于推动该地区的经济发展。他还记得今年 4 月在帕迪尤卡参加肯塔基州经济发展协会春季会议时,话题转向的那个瞬间。

「会议小组中有几位选址顾问,他们谈到了数据中心,」 他回忆道,「他们提到宾夕法尼亚州北部的 I-81 走廊沿线有许多大型数据中心,并探讨我们的社区是否可以为这类投资做好准备?一位顾问回应说,这需要满足一些条件。」

事实证明,这些条件并非易事:平坦的土地、充足的电力、光纤网络,以及具备布线和焊接技能的劳动力。巧合的是,据 One East Kentucky 组织统计,该地区的焊工数量约为全国平均水平的两倍。这不难理解,因为在煤矿这种充满金属和压力的环境中,焊工是维系一切正常运转的关键。

旧的基础设施还保留在原地:变电站、坚固的地面、冷却系统,以及亟待重启的高功耗硬件。「也许数据中心之类的设施能成为解决方案的一部分,」 Kirk 说。

因此,当会议小组讨论结束、进入提问环节时,Kirk 说他问了一个一直萦绕在心头的问题。

「你知道吗,50、60 年前,一台计算机需要占据比我的办公室还要大的空间,而现在我口袋里的手机比当年送宇航员上月球的计算机还要先进,」 他回忆起自己的提问,「这些数据中心会一直需要占据层高 30 至 40 英尺、面积达百万平方英尺的建筑吗?还是说我们将留下大量无法充分利用的仓库或工业级建筑垃圾?」

他表示,那位顾问没有给出令人满意的答案。「问题就在这里,」 Kirk 说,「对于这类技术的未来,我们一无所知。」

这种不确定性让 Nina McCoy 感到不安。她曾是伊内兹的一名高中生物教师。这个煤炭小镇因 1964 年时任美国总统林登・约翰逊利用它为自己的「反贫困战争」争取支持而声名鹊起。

「这听起来可能很糟糕,」 她说,「但如果他们选择把这东西建在这里,说明它就是个麻烦。我们在这里生活了这么久,早已看清了规律:人们总是把不想要的东西扔到这种地方。」

她的怀疑源于一段亲身经历:2000 年 10 月,Coldwater Fork 河上游煤矿矿场发生大规模煤泥浆泄漏,污染了流经她家后院的河水,导致伊内兹的居民数月都无法饮用自来水。

「住在下游的我们过了一段时间才得知此事,但学校系统不得不关闭约一周,直到找到替代水源,」 她说。

直到今天,伊内兹许多居民仍不信任自来水。

因此,当 McCoy 听到关于人工智能的炒作时,她仿佛听到了另一种声音:这又是一个需要付出代价的承诺。「我们允许这些人被称为『就业创造者』,」 她说,「不管是人工智能、加密货币还是别的什么,我们对他们卑躬屈膝,听任他们对我们的社区指手画脚,就因为他们是『就业创造者』。但事实上,他们不是就业创造者,而是利润制造者。」

而利润总会留下痕迹。

人工智能数据中心需要惊人的能源消耗,一次 ChatGPT 搜索消耗的能源可达普通谷歌搜索的 10 倍,且运行时会产生高热。为保持冷却,这些设施每年需消耗数十亿加仑(注:1 加仑=3.79 升)的水,其中大部分蒸发殆尽。居民对此心存警惕,因为他们曾因其他设施及其废水排放问题吃过苦头,担心这些新设施可能影响鱼类生存、破坏土地,而这些正是肯塔基州居民希望保护的东西。

尽管如此,一些当地人仍看到了人工智能的潜力,甚至是进步的可能。

「人工智能已经融入了我们的生活,」 当地企业家 Wes Hamilton 说,他在肯塔基州加密货币挖矿的全盛时期曾参与过相关业务,「Siri、ChatGPT、机器人 —— 你能想到的一切都离不开人工智能。」 他说,「比特币是一锤子买卖,你创造它,只有矿机所有者能获利。」

Hamilton 认为,数据中心有望吸引投资者、工程师,甚至是愿意长期驻留在当地的企业。他说,全世界的人工智能从业者都将涌入肯塔基州。尽管他承认过去在加密货币项目中损失惨重,但他坚称这次情况不一样。

比特币刚兴起时,立法者为吸引矿工提供了慷慨的税收减免政策:投资超 100 万美元的公司可免缴硬件和电力销售税。2025 年 3 月,肯塔基州州长 Andy Beshear 甚至更进一步,签署了《比特币权利法案》。

这项被塑造成 「捍卫个人财务自由」 的立法,旨在确保肯塔基州居民使用数字资产的权利。草案初稿走得更远,试图禁止地方政府利用分区法规限制加密货币挖矿,这一条款招到了环保组织的反对。相关措辞最终被弱化,但核心意图未变:在肯塔基州,数字资源开采可以继续轰鸣。

这就是为什么我们会站在坎普顿的这片挖矿设施外,注视着树林中那半圆形的金属建筑群。矿场昼夜运转,甚至连周日也不例外。如今,随着比特币价格在 10 万美元左右波动,大型矿商纷纷谈及转向人工智能,有人不禁要问:肯塔基州的比特币挖矿能否东山再起?

莫霍克的比特币挖矿业务甚至可能卷土重来。Anna Whites 说,相关方原定 5 月 12 日进入仲裁程序。「我满怀希望,」 她告诉我们,「我非常希望他们坐下来谈谈,然后说:『你这设施真棒,咱们直接启动吧。』」

Trending Cryptos

Related Reads

Introduction to the Concept of World Models: A Story from Psychology to the Main Battlefield of AI

**World Models: From Psychology to AI's Core Concept** "World model" is a trending but often confusing term in AI, describing a system that allows machines to internally simulate, predict, and rehearse potential outcomes before taking real-world action—like a mental "sandbox." While definitions vary—Yann LeCun emphasizes physical understanding, OpenAI's Sora is a video-based "world simulator," Google DeepMind's Genie 3 creates interactive 3D environments, and companies like Alibaba and Tesla focus on practical applications—the core goal is consistent: reduce reliance on vast real-world data by creating an internal, predictive model for safer and more efficient AI. The concept has deep roots, tracing back to psychologist Kenneth Craik (1943). In AI, it was revitalized by researchers like David Ha and Jürgen Schmidhuber (2018). Major technical approaches include: 1) generative video models (e.g., Sora) for visual realism; 2) abstract predictive models (e.g., LeCun's JEPA) for efficiency and physical reasoning; and 3) explicit 3D simulators (e.g., NVIDIA Omniverse) for precision. Fei-Fei Li proposes a classification based on the AI action loop: renderers (output observations), simulators (output world states), and planners (output actions). The emerging "World Action Model" (WAM) paradigm aims to unify future prediction and action generation. An industry framework is forming: upstream (data, compute, sensors), midstream (general and vertical platforms), and downstream applications (autonomous driving, robotics, gaming, etc.). Autonomous driving is currently the most mature use case. The current lack of a unified definition reflects the field's early, dynamic stage, similar to past tech revolutions. Different approaches—focusing on pixels, physics, or behavior—represent parallel explorations of how best to compress and understand the world. This diversity, while seemingly chaotic, signals that world models have moved from an academic idea to a critical industrial battleground, ultimately aiming to give machines the ability to understand, imagine, and reason about the world.

marsbit5m ago

Introduction to the Concept of World Models: A Story from Psychology to the Main Battlefield of AI

marsbit5m ago

Building the Bright Path While Secretly Crossing Chencang: Is Walsh Paving the Way for a September "Rate Cut"?

The title "Building the Plank Road Openly While Secretly Crossing at Chencang: Is Walsh Paving the Way for a September 'Rate Cut'?" suggests Federal Reserve Chair Kevin Walsh's hawkish stance may be a deliberate smokescreen. Academy Securities analyst Peter Tchir argues in a report that markets, currently pricing a 75% chance of a September hike, are missing a potential path to a September rate cut that Walsh himself might be quietly preparing. Tchir posits that Walsh's hawkish rhetoric aims to suppress long-term yield risks (with the 10-year Treasury yield falling recently) while creating room for a narrative shift based on upcoming data. The potential political endgame, according to this view, could be rate cuts in September and October, ahead of the midterm elections. This hinges on a political logic where the Trump administration's preference for lower rates remains unchanged. A core part of Tchir's argument involves redefining inflation metrics. He contends the Fed under Walsh may deprioritize the PCE index, criticizing its lagging components like Owners' Equivalent Rent (OER). Instead, he points to alternative, more real-time indicators like the New Tenant Repeat Rent Index (NTRR) and the Truflation daily index, which shows core inflation around 1.45%. He suggests the Fed could shift its data narrative to justify policy easing. Furthermore, Tchir downplays AI-driven inflation fears. He argues that consumer price sensitivity, evidenced by negative market reactions to price hikes (e.g., Apple), contradicts persistent inflation narratives. He also separates AI/data center spending—which he sees as relatively rate-insensitive—from broader consumer affordability issues, implying rate hikes are misdirected. Based on this analysis, Tchir sees a re-pricing of rate cut expectations as likely, creating opportunities in short-duration Treasuries. He maintains a neutral-to-slightly-bullish view on the long end of the yield curve. For equities, he recommends a significant overweight in energy (especially global nuclear assets) and, within defense/security themes, an overweight in biotech/pharma versus an underweight in semiconductors, expressing caution on AI/data center valuations.

marsbit31m ago

Building the Bright Path While Secretly Crossing Chencang: Is Walsh Paving the Way for a September "Rate Cut"?

marsbit31m ago

"King of Shilling" Hayes Strikes Again, This Time Setting His Sights on Deribit

On June 29, BitMEX co-founder Arthur Hayes acquired approximately 6.16 million SYN tokens via OTC platform Flowdesk, valued at around $2.2 million. Subsequently, Hayes publicly endorsed SYN on X, calling it one of the most asymmetric investments he's seen since HYPE and declaring it time for an on-chain options DEX to challenge industry leader Deribit, naming Hypercall as that challenger. The article details the evolution of the Synapse Protocol, originally launched in 2021 as a cross-chain messaging and liquidity network. While its TVL peaked above $1 billion during the last bull market, it has since declined. The protocol's team has since built Hypercall, an on-chain options trading platform on Hyperliquid's HyperEVM, which supports trading options on "any asset" with features like 24/7 trading and defined risk limited to the premium paid. Deribit, founded in 2016, is highlighted as the dominant centralized crypto options exchange, commanding roughly 85% market share in BTC and ETH options. Its strengths include deep liquidity and professional tools, though it faces critiques over custody risk, KYC requirements, and regulatory uncertainty. The analysis suggests Hypercall's potential lies in decentralization, permissionless access, and transparency, potentially carving a niche in DeFi-native and emerging asset options. However, it faces significant challenges competing with Deribit's established network effect and liquidity depth. The piece concludes by noting Hayes's recent and mixed "call" history, referencing his previous promotion and subsequent sale of HYPE, as well as a controversial price target report for CARDS from his family office, Maelstrom, which was followed by a significant price drop for the asset. This activity has drawn criticism, with some accusing Hayes of creating exit liquidity for his followers.

Foresight News1h ago

"King of Shilling" Hayes Strikes Again, This Time Setting His Sights on Deribit

Foresight News1h ago

Trading

Spot

Hot Articles

What is $BITCOIN

DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN): A Comprehensive Analysis Introduction to DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) is a blockchain-based project operating on the Solana network, which aims to combine the characteristics of traditional precious metals with the innovation of decentralized technologies. While it shares a name with Bitcoin, often referred to as “digital gold” due to its perception as a store of value, DIGITAL GOLD is a separate token designed to create a unique ecosystem within the Web3 landscape. Its goal is to position itself as a viable alternative digital asset, although specifics regarding its applications and functionalities are still developing. What is DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN)? DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) is a cryptocurrency token explicitly designed for use on the Solana blockchain. In contrast to Bitcoin, which provides a widely recognized value storage role, this token appears to focus on broader applications and characteristics. Notable aspects include: Blockchain Infrastructure: The token is built on the Solana blockchain, known for its capacity to handle high-speed and low-cost transactions. Supply Dynamics: DIGITAL GOLD has a maximum supply capped at 100 quadrillion tokens (100P $BITCOIN), although details regarding its circulating supply are currently undisclosed. Utility: While precise functionalities are not explicitly outlined, there are indications that the token could be utilized for various applications, potentially involving decentralized applications (dApps) or asset tokenization strategies. Who is the Creator of DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN)? At present, the identity of the creators and development team behind DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) remains unknown. This situation is typical among many innovative projects within the blockchain space, particularly those aligning with decentralized finance and meme coin phenomena. While such anonymity may foster a community-driven culture, it intensifies concerns about governance and accountability. Who are the Investors of DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN)? The available information indicates that DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) does not have any known institutional backers or prominent venture capital investments. The project seems to operate on a peer-to-peer model focused on community support and adoption rather than traditional funding routes. Its activity and liquidity are primarily situated on decentralized exchanges (DEXs), such as PumpSwap, rather than established centralized trading platforms, further highlighting its grassroots approach. How DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) Works The operational mechanics of DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) can be elaborated on based on its blockchain design and network attributes: Consensus Mechanism: By leveraging Solana’s unique proof-of-history (PoH) combined with a proof-of-stake (PoS) model, the project ensures efficient transaction validation contributing to the network's high performance. Tokenomics: While specific deflationary mechanisms have not been extensively detailed, the vast maximum token supply implies that it may cater to microtransactions or niche use cases that are still to be defined. Interoperability: There exists the potential for integration with Solana’s broader ecosystem, including various decentralized finance (DeFi) platforms. However, the details regarding specific integrations remain unspecified. Timeline of Key Events Here is a timeline that highlights significant milestones concerning DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN): 2023: The initial deployment of the token occurs on the Solana blockchain, marked by its contract address. 2024: DIGITAL GOLD gains visibility as it becomes available for trading on decentralized exchanges like PumpSwap, allowing users to trade it against SOL. 2025: The project witnesses sporadic trading activity and potential interest in community-led engagements, although no noteworthy partnerships or technical advancements have been documented as of yet. Critical Analysis Strengths Scalability: The underlying Solana infrastructure supports high transaction volumes, which could enhance the utility of $BITCOIN in various transaction scenarios. Accessibility: The potential low trading price per token could attract retail investors, facilitating wider participation due to fractional ownership opportunities. Risks Lack of Transparency: The absence of publicly known backers, developers, or an audit process may yield skepticism regarding the project's sustainability and trustworthiness. Market Volatility: The trading activity is heavily reliant on speculative behavior, which can result in significant price volatility and uncertainty for investors. Conclusion DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) emerges as an intriguing yet ambiguous project within the rapidly evolving Solana ecosystem. While it attempts to leverage the “digital gold” narrative, its departure from Bitcoin's established role as a store of value underscores the need for a clearer differentiation of its intended utility and governance structure. Future acceptance and adoption will likely depend on addressing the current opacity and defining its operational and economic strategies more explicitly. Note: This report encompasses synthesised information available as of October 2023, and developments may have transpired beyond the research period.

504 Total ViewsPublished 2025.05.13Updated 2025.05.13

What is $BITCOIN

Discussions

Welcome to the HTX Community. Here, you can stay informed about the latest platform developments and gain access to professional market insights. Users' opinions on the price of BTC (BTC) are presented below.

活动图片