今晚,巴菲特开口!市场最想听他说什么?

华尔街见闻Published on 2025-05-03Last updated on 2025-05-03

Abstract

相比往年,投资者将更珍视可能是最后一次巴菲特在伯克希尔股东大会分享投资理念和经验的机会,可能更关注巴菲特的“交班”计划以及伯克希尔发展蓝图,在特朗普政府挑起全球贸易战之际,更关注关税影响、经济前景、伯克希尔如何利用创纪录的现金储备、苹果这类美股的投资调整、以及对中日等海外市场的布局。

北京时间5月3日晚9点,投资界年度盛会伯克希尔-哈撒韦股东大会就要进入问答环节。“股神”巴菲特确认将全程参与,携他的CEO接班人——伯克希尔非保险业务的负责人阿贝尔(Greg Abel)以及保险业务负责人贾因(Ajit Jain)共同回答股东提问。

巴菲特在今年2月发布的2024年度股东信中确认,今年传统开场的半小时电影环节取消,股东大会问答则提前一个小时开始,问答上半场从美国奥马哈当地时间5月2日早8点持续到10点30分,休息半小时后,下半场从11点持续到下午1点,即北京时间3日凌晨2点结束。和去年一样,今年依然由CNBC进行问答的全程直播(点击查看去年股东大会问答图文直播)。

今年是巴菲特收购伯克希尔公司60周年,也可能是伯克希尔“巴菲特时代”落幕的开始。今年的股东大会问答总时长比去年减少约一小时,缩短至四个半小时,可能就是为了配合巴菲特的高龄作出妥协。今年8月,巴菲特就将年满95岁。

巴菲特在2月发布的股东信中明确表示,“要不了多久”阿贝尔就会接班。信中写道:

“到了(我)94岁,格雷格·阿贝尔要不了多久就会接替我担任CEO,并将撰写年度信。”

因此,今年的股东大会也被视为史上最重要的一场,可能是巴菲特最后一次全程参与的股东会,投资者要准备为一个没有巴菲特掌舵的伯克希尔做好准备。

相比往年,投资者将更珍视可能是最后一次巴菲特在伯克希尔平台长时间分享投资理念和经验的机会,可能更关注伯克希尔管理层的“交班”计划、巴菲特接班人阿贝尔未来在公司的角色和战略方向、巴菲特描绘的伯克希尔发展蓝图。

同时,在特朗普政府挑起贸易战之际,投资者更关注,巴菲特怎么看关税对伯克希尔旗下众多业务影响及美国经济的前景,是否4月找机会抄底,在不确定性极高的环境下,伯克希尔如何利用庞大的现金储备、比如进行新的收购或回购,对巴菲特承诺主要投资的美股、尤其是苹果这类对关税敏感的重仓股,会否调整持仓,若可能抛售,又是什么原因,还关注对中日等海外市场的布局。

关税影响、经济前景,极高不确定环境下的投资策略与市场信号

巴菲特通常会要求股东不要将话题引向政治。但今年的股东大会上,他可能难以绕开政治话题。因为特朗普政府的贸易战正在冲击股市和投资领域,同时也会影响伯克希尔的其他业务。例如,关税预计将导致Geico等汽车保险公司的维修成本上升。

CFRA Research的分析师Cathy Seifert 认为,伯克希尔“本质上是更广泛经济的缩影——其许多业务都将受到影响”。投资者会希望、并欢迎巴菲特就关税进行充分的评估和讨论。值得关注的是,巴菲特此前曾将关税称为“战争行为”。

目前,华尔街的经济学家普遍警告,美国可能濒临经济衰退。由于伯克希尔拥有众多业务,其股价对经济的任何下行风险都将非常敏感。所以这些业务也处于衰退冲击的前沿。投资者 会希望了解巴菲特对美国经济前景的判断,密切关注他是否会继续表达对美国经济有信心。

伯克希尔为头号重仓股的Check Capital Management 的创始人 Steve Check 表示,他希望,巴菲特最重要的是能够公开反对关税,大家都关注巴菲特不得不作出的表态。

投资者还关注,巴菲特是否会利用4月曾发生的美股大跌机会,寻找合适入手的低价资产,并为伯克希尔的交易奠定基础。Aptus Capital Advisors 的投资组合经理 David Wagner 表示,许多投资者“倾向于将沃伦视为指路明灯”。

伯克希尔估值偏高 阿贝尔接手会否打破不派息传统

虽然伯克希尔今年以来表现优异,但投资者需要关注巴菲特卸任后可能带来的潜在风险和变化,包括高估值、未来盈利增长的挑战、股息政策的改变以及投资策略的调整。

伯克希尔A类股的市净率目前为1.7倍,为2007年以来的最高水平,基于2025年预期收益,市盈率为25倍,高于标普500指数约20倍的市盈率。分析师预计,未来一到两年内,伯克希尔的盈利增长可能有限。投资者需要警惕高估值带来的风险,并评估其未来是否能持续跑赢市场。

作为“钦定”的巴菲特接班人,阿贝尔预计将在本次股东大会承担更多的答问工作,投资者有机会评估他的领导风格与投资理念。

巴菲特长期以来一直反对派发股息,认为将公司收益和现金保留在手中更好。但随着他逐渐退出,这一政策可能会发生改变。许多大型盈利公司,包括Alphabet和Meta Platforms,都已开始派发股息。KBW的分析师Meyer Shields认为,派发股息可能成为阿贝尔展示领导力,同时保持公司文化的好方法。股息政策的变化将对投资者的投资回报产生直接影响。

接班人计划与伯克希尔未来 管理层调整、巴菲特子女未来影响

股东们可能会期待巴菲特对伯克希尔未来作出清晰的解读。作为巴菲特接班人的阿贝尔未来在伯克希尔中的角色和战略方向备受关注。投资者可能希望了解更多的管理层变动情况。

巴菲特离开伯克希尔后,公司可能出现管理层调整,现年73岁的贾因可能离职,可能由伯克希尔保险业高管Joe Brandon接替。两名投资经理Todd Combs和Ted Weschler可能接管3000亿美元左右的股权投资组合。投资者仍需观察,阿贝尔会对股票投资组合有何影响。

巴菲特目前持有伯克希尔14%的股份,因持有的是由超级投票权的A类股,所以拥有30%的投票权。由于持续捐赠股票,巴菲特的持股量每年略有下降。巴菲特的两名子女苏茜和霍华德目前也在伯克希尔董事会任职,他们将掌控巴菲特去世后持有的股票信托。

尽管随着股票捐赠给慈善机构,家族的影响力将逐渐减弱,但在巴菲特去世后的最初几年,他的子女仍将对伯克希尔有相当大的影响。家族与职业经理人共治的模式将如何演变,成为长期观察者的关注焦点。评论认为,巴菲特的子女可能会抵制分拆伯克希尔,他们认为这种综合性结构对公司有利。

超3000亿现金如何用于投资,会否收购西方石油、可口可乐甚至百事,回购潜力

今年2月公布的四季度财报显示,伯克希尔现金储备达到创纪录的3342亿美元,几乎是去年同期的两倍,占公司净资产的53%。手持巨额现金,巴菲特会怎么利用这些资金就成为投资者的热议焦点。

投资者关注伯克希尔,是否会利用超过3000亿美元的持现进行大规模投资?是否会延续巴菲特的价值投资理念? 巴菲特领导下的上一次超百亿美元重大收购是在2022年,当时伯克希尔以116亿美元收购了保险公司Alleghany。那一年,巴菲特还大举扫货油气公司,比如一季度逆势加仓的410亿美元中近半都是石油股,尤其是西方石油和雪佛龙。

投资者可能希望看到伯克希尔像2022年那样的大手笔收购和投资,但KBW的Shields认为,期待伯克希尔重磅行动的投资者可能会失望。毕竟,除了2022年外,巴菲特在过去五年里对新投资一直持谨慎态度,而伯克希尔在过去五年中有四年的股票投资都处于净抛售状态。

还有评论指出,巴菲特2016年对飞机零部件制造商Precision Castparts的340亿美元超级收购令人大失所望。该公司在新冠疫情期间遭重创,收购还未恢复到十年期的水平,现在的价值可能和当初的收购价相当,而标普500指数同期上涨了两倍。2017年至2024年伯克希尔分三阶段以130亿美元收购的卡车站运营商Pilot交易表现一般,去年该司税前收益下降42%至6.14亿美元。

不过,巴菲特仍可能改变注意,寻求收购西方石油剩余72%的股份,或者可能尝试收购像D.R. Horton或Toll Brothers这样业绩低迷的大型房地产公司。百事公司的股价跌至五年来的最低点,巴菲特或许会对它产生兴趣。可是,考虑到巴菲特长期持有可口可乐,这份忠诚度可能让他将作为可口可乐劲敌的百事可乐排除在外。

投资通讯作家、《巴菲特和芒格即兴发挥》作者Alex Morris提出两种巴菲特可能的收购行动:收购可口可乐或美国运通的剩余股份,并将它们私有化,为此分别需要投入约2800亿美元或1300亿美元。

至于巴菲特会不会像2008年金融危机期间对高盛等公司那样进行战略性救助、尤其是在关税冲击市场时, Morris认为,需要比当年大得多的交易规模才能产生影响。

伯克希尔的巨额现金缓冲还有另一个用途:一旦巴菲特退出导致股价暴跌,阿贝尔能够回购大量公司股票。Shields称:“巴菲特积累如此多的现金,可能是在为管理层过渡做准备。”

巴菲特对苹果等重仓美股是否调整、对中日布局

仅在过去一年,伯克希尔的投资组合就发生了戏剧性变化。2023年,苹果股票占伯克希尔投资组合价值的约一半,而截至2024年底,苹果仅占其持股的22%。持仓占比14%的美国运通成为紧随其后的第二大持仓。

巴菲特在2月的股东信中表示,伯克希尔持有的“可交易股票”去年有所下降,但股东可以放心,公司的投资策略不会改变:大多数资金都将投资于股票,主要是美国股票。投资者希望了解伯克希尔的美股投资动向,

截至去年第三季度,伯克希尔连续四个季度抛售苹果,其中去年二季度持股几乎砍半、三季度又减持25%,到四季度才停手,持股保持在约3亿股。虽然巴菲特可能不会进一步减持苹果,但苹果无疑是关税战升级形势下最受打击的科技巨头之一。投资者会好奇,巴菲特在这种形势下是否重启减持苹果,以及对苹果持仓的看法。

去年巴菲特曾表示出售是为了税务原因。马里兰大学金融学教授David Kass认为,如果巴菲特继续出售,可能表明他认为苹果的估值已经足够高,或者说,作为投资天才,巴菲特预见到了苹果可能面临的风险,防范贸易战和关税的冲击。

虽然巴菲特在股东信中强调伯克希尔将主要投资美股,但伯克希尔在美国以外地区的投资布局同样备受关注,特别是在贸易紧张形势下。

股东信中,巴菲特透露,伯克希尔对五家日本商社——伊藤忠、丸红、三菱、三井、住友的投资不断增加,计划长期持有这些股份数十年,并承诺支持它们的董事会。巴菲特还赞扬了日本商社适时增加股息、审慎回购股票的做法,以及相比美国同行更为克制的高管薪酬政策。

这五大商社经营范围广泛,涉及海外油气生产、三文鱼养殖、电视购物等多个领域。自2020年巴菲特首次宣布投资五大商社以来,这些公司的股价表现已经超过日经225指数。

自2022年8月首次披露减持比亚迪以来,巴菲特两年内多次减仓,截至去年7月,在比亚迪港股的持股比例从将近20%降至不足5%。7月后,伯克希尔的任何进一步减持都无需公开披露。投资者会希望了解巴菲特怎样看待中国资产,会否再投资比亚迪或其他中国股票。

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DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN): A Comprehensive Analysis Introduction to DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) is a blockchain-based project operating on the Solana network, which aims to combine the characteristics of traditional precious metals with the innovation of decentralized technologies. While it shares a name with Bitcoin, often referred to as “digital gold” due to its perception as a store of value, DIGITAL GOLD is a separate token designed to create a unique ecosystem within the Web3 landscape. Its goal is to position itself as a viable alternative digital asset, although specifics regarding its applications and functionalities are still developing. What is DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN)? DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) is a cryptocurrency token explicitly designed for use on the Solana blockchain. In contrast to Bitcoin, which provides a widely recognized value storage role, this token appears to focus on broader applications and characteristics. Notable aspects include: Blockchain Infrastructure: The token is built on the Solana blockchain, known for its capacity to handle high-speed and low-cost transactions. Supply Dynamics: DIGITAL GOLD has a maximum supply capped at 100 quadrillion tokens (100P $BITCOIN), although details regarding its circulating supply are currently undisclosed. Utility: While precise functionalities are not explicitly outlined, there are indications that the token could be utilized for various applications, potentially involving decentralized applications (dApps) or asset tokenization strategies. Who is the Creator of DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN)? At present, the identity of the creators and development team behind DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) remains unknown. This situation is typical among many innovative projects within the blockchain space, particularly those aligning with decentralized finance and meme coin phenomena. While such anonymity may foster a community-driven culture, it intensifies concerns about governance and accountability. Who are the Investors of DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN)? The available information indicates that DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) does not have any known institutional backers or prominent venture capital investments. The project seems to operate on a peer-to-peer model focused on community support and adoption rather than traditional funding routes. Its activity and liquidity are primarily situated on decentralized exchanges (DEXs), such as PumpSwap, rather than established centralized trading platforms, further highlighting its grassroots approach. How DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) Works The operational mechanics of DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) can be elaborated on based on its blockchain design and network attributes: Consensus Mechanism: By leveraging Solana’s unique proof-of-history (PoH) combined with a proof-of-stake (PoS) model, the project ensures efficient transaction validation contributing to the network's high performance. Tokenomics: While specific deflationary mechanisms have not been extensively detailed, the vast maximum token supply implies that it may cater to microtransactions or niche use cases that are still to be defined. Interoperability: There exists the potential for integration with Solana’s broader ecosystem, including various decentralized finance (DeFi) platforms. However, the details regarding specific integrations remain unspecified. Timeline of Key Events Here is a timeline that highlights significant milestones concerning DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN): 2023: The initial deployment of the token occurs on the Solana blockchain, marked by its contract address. 2024: DIGITAL GOLD gains visibility as it becomes available for trading on decentralized exchanges like PumpSwap, allowing users to trade it against SOL. 2025: The project witnesses sporadic trading activity and potential interest in community-led engagements, although no noteworthy partnerships or technical advancements have been documented as of yet. Critical Analysis Strengths Scalability: The underlying Solana infrastructure supports high transaction volumes, which could enhance the utility of $BITCOIN in various transaction scenarios. Accessibility: The potential low trading price per token could attract retail investors, facilitating wider participation due to fractional ownership opportunities. Risks Lack of Transparency: The absence of publicly known backers, developers, or an audit process may yield skepticism regarding the project's sustainability and trustworthiness. Market Volatility: The trading activity is heavily reliant on speculative behavior, which can result in significant price volatility and uncertainty for investors. Conclusion DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) emerges as an intriguing yet ambiguous project within the rapidly evolving Solana ecosystem. While it attempts to leverage the “digital gold” narrative, its departure from Bitcoin's established role as a store of value underscores the need for a clearer differentiation of its intended utility and governance structure. Future acceptance and adoption will likely depend on addressing the current opacity and defining its operational and economic strategies more explicitly. Note: This report encompasses synthesised information available as of October 2023, and developments may have transpired beyond the research period.

535 Total ViewsPublished 2025.05.13Updated 2025.05.13

What is $BITCOIN

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