特朗普的比特币储备计划,能否为加密货币提供反弹动力?

金十数据Published on 2025-01-01Last updated on 2025-01-01

当丹尼斯·波特(Dennis Porter)在2022年共同创立非营利组织Satoshi Action Fund,并开始倡导建立国家比特币储备时,美国很快囤积比特币的想法似乎遥不可及。当时,加密货币交易所FTX正走向破产,拜登政府对数字资产的态度也显得相当敌对。

但波特,之前曾在俄勒冈州的地方和州级政治中工作过,一直坚持这一理念。他深入参与了连接加密爱好者的在线社交网络,在那里他还遇到了曼迪·古纳塞卡拉(Mandy Gunasekara)——他的非营利组织的共同创始人,曾是特朗普第一届政府环保局的幕僚长。他们通过聘请埃里克·彼得森担任政策总监来完善团队,埃里克曾为美国人促进繁荣等保守团体担任资深政策分析师。

就像个人应该持有比特币以保护未来的购买力一样,我们也认为各州和联邦政府也应该这样做。”波特说,他是推广这一理念的人之一。

现在,波特看到了多年努力以及他对比特币可以作为国家战略资产这一想法的专注所带来的成果。

几个月前,联邦比特币储备的概念还显得荒谬,尤其是对于那些视数字货币为对抗政府控制堡垒的加密纯粹主义者而言。然而,随着特朗普成为其突出的支持者之一,这个曾经边缘化的概念获得了实质性的政治动力,一些分析家认为潜在的政府购买将成为加密货币市场的分水岭时刻。

总统背书

特朗普首次在7月份田纳西州纳什维尔的一个比特币会议上公开支持比特币储备的概念。当特朗普本月早些时候出现在纽约证券交易所时,CNBC的吉姆·克拉默问他是否想建立一个类似于联邦政府石油储备的战略加密货币储备。“我认为是的”,特朗普回应道,“我们将在加密领域做些伟大的事情。”

波特表示,特朗普的支持成为了其他政客采纳这一理念的催化剂,但最重要的发展是11月选举的结果,其中亲加密货币的政治人物对数字资产怀疑论者占据了优势。

选举结果清楚地表明,政治人物需要开始关注比特币。”他说,“很多人关心这个问题,并且他们会为此奋斗并获胜。这导致了对战略比特币储备兴趣的巨大增长。”

更多支持

政府应当囤积比特币的想法甚至获得了一些两党支持。

加州民主党众议员罗·坎纳认为,美国可以从比特币储备中受益,并主张美国应保留从罪犯那里没收的比特币,而不是像往常一样出售它们。

“美国政府没收的比特币不应在特定时间内出售,并应成为我们的储备一部分。”坎纳表示。

怀俄明州共和党参议员辛西娅·卢米斯是国会山最激进的比特币战略储备倡导者。她在今年夏天提出了一项法案,要求美国在未来五年内购买100万个比特币。

“多年来,我们这一代人一直在毫无节制地花费联邦资金,积累了36万亿美元的国债,而且没有明确的结束日期。”卢米斯说。

我们有责任采取大胆和实质性的行动来应对债务危机,创建战略比特币储备给了我们最好的机会,在未来20年内用现有资源偿还近一半的国债,同时确保美国在21世纪金融创新领域的全球领导地位。”

Satoshi Action Fund的波特也在州一级成功推广了这一理念。就在上周,德克萨斯州众议院金融委员会主席提出了一项建立州级比特币储备的法案,宾夕法尼亚州和俄亥俄州也提出了类似的立法。

旧金退出,新币入场

卢米斯提出的资助比特币购买的方案部分依赖于美国拥有的大量黄金遗产——这些黄金是在美元与贵金属挂钩、美元持有人可以按固定价格兑换黄金的时代留下的。

尽管自20世纪70年代初以来,美元就不再可兑换成黄金,但财政部和美联储仍拥有大约8100公吨的黄金。

政府按照每盎司42美元的价格估值这些黄金,远低于当前市场价格2650美元。

卢米斯希望财政部能以当前市场价格重新评估这些黄金,并利用纸面利润资助比特币购买,而不必增税或发行新的国债。

然而,批评者指出,这项操作并非免费午餐,它将需要美联储银行通过印钞和资产销售相结合的方式支付财政部持有的黄金证书与新估值之间的差额。

货币经济学家乔治·塞尔金(George Selgin)争辩说,这种操作相当于政府的“后门贷款”。塞尔金写道,为了避免新的债务,跳过常规拨款程序,并掩盖真相,卢米斯法案依靠了大量的镀金魔法

塞尔金说:“有什么比让人们相信这个计划不会花一分钱更好的办法来赢得公众的支持呢?”

比特币纯粹主义者震惊

比特币最初被构想为一种技术,旨在使用户摆脱政府和银行等强大机构的干涉和监视。

一些致力于这一初始愿景的比特币纯粹主义者对比特币储备的呼吁感到不满,因为这意味着政府将拥有总供应量的很大一部分。

《比特币杂志》主编马克·古德温表示:“我永远无法恰当地表达这个把戏让我有多伤心。”

他认为,储备最终会阻碍比特币作为货币的发展,并强化美国主导的全球金融体系的力量。

前投资银行家、住房和城市发展部助理部长凯瑟琳·奥斯汀·菲茨在11月的一篇博客文章中写道,战略比特币储备的概念是由所谓的比特币亿万富翁推动的,目的是为自己创造一个富裕的买家。

“比特币一开始是一个具有成长为强大的去中心化网络和社区潜力的数字支付系统,它可以提供重要的实用性,确实有可能革新货币。”她写道。

菲茨哀叹道,比特币反而变成了一个“炒作和抛售的金融产品”,而联邦政府则成为了终极目标。

波特对此不以为然。“这些批评对我而言不过是耳边风。”他说,他长期以来都受到纯粹主义者的批评,他们认为比特币爱好者不应该参与政治,但他认为这种观点已经被证伪。

“我已经多次证明了我们在这些事情上的做法是正确的。”他说,“归根结底,比特币太重要了,不能放弃这场战斗。”

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