除了萨尔瓦多,还有哪些国家考虑建立比特币储备

Odaily星球日报Published on 2024-12-16Last updated on 2024-12-16

Abstract

继萨尔瓦多后,美国、巴西、波兰、俄罗斯及日本开始跃跃欲试。

原文作者:Liz Napolitano, Decrypt


原文编译:Felix, PANews


在历史性的市场上涨推动下,一些国家正在考虑建立国家比特币储备,近几周,全球最大的加密货币比特币创下新高,本月初比特币价格首次突破 10 万美元。
美国当选总统唐纳德·特朗普及其盟友一再支持向美联储储备比特币的法案,并将很快有可能实现这一目标。


巴西政府官员也提出了立法来实现这一可能性,而波兰和俄罗斯的政界人士也支持将数字货币添加到其国家资产负债表的想法。


萨尔瓦多在这方面处于领先地位,将比特币定为法定货币,同时从 2021 年开始逐渐积累比特币作为自己的储备。


虽然目前尚不清楚其他国家是否会在短期内真正储备比特币,但有一点是显而易见的:持有该代币作为储备资产的兴趣已经达到了狂热的程度。以下是正在考虑建立国家比特币储备的国家。


美国
几位美国议员已经推动建立一个战略比特币储备。
怀俄明州参议员 Cynthia Lummis 去年春天提出了一项名为“比特币法案”(Bitcoin Act)的法案,该法案提议美国在五年内每年购买多达 20 万枚比特币,或占该代币总供应量的 5% 。
比特币将储存在“由美国财政部运营的去中心化的安全比特币金库网络”中,代币收购将通过现有的美联储基金(如债券、贷款和黄金)的多样化来完成。
去年 7 月,当选总统唐纳德·特朗普在纳什维尔举行的 BTC 2024 上也同样支持“战略比特币储备”——这是他上任后有望兑现的众多与加密货币相关的承诺之一。
特朗普在活动上表示:“这将是我的政府的政策……将美国政府目前持有或收购的所有比特币 100% 保留到未来。”
在州一级,建立比特币储备的努力也在进行中。
德克萨斯州的一名议员上周提出了一项法案,提议该州建立比特币储备,至少要持有五年。与此同时, 11 月宾夕法尼亚州也提出了类似的法案。


巴西
巴西政府提出了一项法案,提议建立国家比特币储备。
根据 11 月 25 日提交的拟议立法,比特币主权战略储备(RESBit)将占巴西国际储备的 5% 。它的目标是使巴西财政部的资产多样化。
联邦副议员 Eros Biondini 在提议的法案中表示,将比特币纳入国库“将降低巴西面临汇率波动和地缘政治的风险,增强经济韧性”。
根据该提议,巴西央行将与财政部合作管理比特币储备。这些资金将用于支持巴西的 CBDC,即 Drex。根据该法案,比特币将存储在冷钱包中。


波兰
波兰总统候选人 Sławomir Mentzen 主张建立战略比特币储备,并主张在波兰通过对加密货币友好的法律法规。
Sławomir Mentzen 在 X(前身为 Twitter)的一篇文章中表示: “如果我成为波兰总统,我们的国家将成为加密货币的避风港,拥有非常友好的法规、低税率,以及银行和监管机构的支持态度。”
这位政客在另一条 X 帖子中表示:“波兰政客是时候展望未来了。”
这位极右翼民族主义候选人在东欧国家的民意调查中排名第三。目前尚不清楚 Mentzen 的政治对手是否也支持建立战略比特币储备。


俄罗斯
据俄罗斯国家通讯社 Ria 报道,去年 12 月,俄罗斯议会代表 Anton Tkachev 提议建立国家比特币储备。
去年 11 月,几名俄罗斯议员建议在“国库”中建立“加密货币储备”,但遭到俄罗斯国家杜马委员会主席 Anatoly Aksakov 反对。
他们还于今年秋天成功通过了一项立法,使加密货币挖矿和使用数字资产进行国际支付合法化。
俄罗斯最近对加密货币的态度转变表明,俄罗斯可能会重新审视战略比特币储备问题,至少有一位俄罗斯高级官员此前曾表示支持这一提议。

在 2021 年接受俄罗斯国际文传电讯社采访时,俄罗斯外交部副部长 Alexander Pankin 表示,愿意用包括加密货币在内的其他货币部分取代该国以美元为基础的储备和贸易结算。
Alexander Pankin 表示,俄罗斯可能会用各种国家货币取代美元,“在未来,可能会有某种数字资产”。


日本
日本立法者滨田聪(Satoshi Hamada)于 12 月向立法机构提交了正式请求,希望就在日本建立国家比特币储备展开讨论。

滨田聪所在的政党在日本国会中仅占两个席位,但立法机构中还有其他比特币支持者—— 10 月,国民民主党领袖玉木雄一郎 (Yuichiro Tamaki) 提议对日本的加密货币持有者和公司进行减税和监管改革。


相关阅读:“战略储备”潮起,比特币将重塑主权国家与企业机构的“资产负债表”?

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