Alpha 笔记 ｜Fractal Bitcoin 启动公共测试网，会是比特币生态下一个热点吗？新协议、一周链上动态捕捉

chainfeedPublished on 2024-08-20Last updated on 2024-08-23

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目录

近期比特币扩容方案 Fractal Bitcoin 宣布完成测试阶段重置，正式上线 Fractal Bitcoin 公共测试网，并将分形节点开源，在 Fractal 上激活了 OP_CAT。而在此之前，UniSat 就宣布对 Fractal Bitcoin 提供支持，这使得 Fractal 在市场中引起了广泛关注。

本期 Alpha 笔记对 Fractal 进行了详细解读。该扩容方案有何特别之处？和其他 L2 有什么区别？同时，我们还梳理了OP_CAT、OP_NET 和 Fractal 的关系，并对生态项目进行盘点。

💥 本周重点：Fractal Bitcoin 启动公共测试网，会是比特币生态下一个热点吗？

项目分析

  • Unisat 明牌支持，比特币扩容方案 Fractal 轻解读

  • 专访 UniSat 创始人：Fractal 是比特币最忠实的助手

  • 【长推】OP_CAT、OP_NET 和 Fractal 什么关系？

生态盘点

  • Fractal 主网上线在即，盘点生态十个潜力项目

🏃 新协议/协议新进展

  • bolt：通过以太坊上的无需信任提议者承诺实现亚秒级预确认

  • Kannon：Monad launchpad

  • HyBridge：超流动性跨链桥

  • Genitive Network：基于 FHE 的全链互操作协议

  • INFINIT：第一个 DeFi 抽象层

📈 市场信息

  • 链上数据周报：自 2022 年 11 月创下周期低点以来，比特币的主导地位持续攀升，目前已占据加密货币总市值的 56%。 尽管价格走势跌宕起伏，但长期持有者的信念依然坚定不移，他们明显倾向于积累和持有代币。 短期持有者在最近的下跌中承担了大部分损失。 然而，锁定损失的程度表明，他们可能对这一事件反应过度。

  • 链上数据：L2 总 TVL 变化、7 天内涨跌幅最大代币

一、Fractal Bitcoin 启动公共测试网，会是比特币生态下一个热点吗？

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项目分析

1️⃣ Unisat 明牌支持，比特币扩容方案 Fractal 轻解读

作者：深潮

https://www.techflowpost.com/article/detail_19668.html

根据官方的自我介绍，Fractal Bitcoin 通过使用 BTC 核心代码在 BTC 主链上递归创建无限拓展层来提高交易处理能力和速度，同时保持与现有比特币生态系统的完全兼容性。

简而言之，Fractal 就是在沿用 BTC 核心代码的基础上进行拓展，具有以下特性：

  1. 交易速度快：Fractal 网络的区块确认时间约为 30 秒，交易处理能力是 BTC 主链的 20 倍。

  2. 原生兼容：Fractal Bitcoin 基于 BTC 核心代码开发，所以完全兼容现有的比特币钱包、工具和矿工设备。

  3. 动态调整：基于 BTC 主链的递归系统能够根据网络拥堵程度自动调整扩展层的数量。

  4. 安全可追溯：所有在 Fractal 网络上进行的交易最终都可以追溯到比特币主链。

既要保持主网的正统性，又要从多个方面提高处理效率，Fractal 具体是怎么实现的？

  1. 多层扩展机制：Fractal 利用递归扩展层的巧妙设计来提高 BTC 交易的吞吐量。基于 BTC 主链之上创建了多个层级的扩展层，形成一个树状的递归结构。这种结构允许每一层都能进一步扩展的「分叉模式」，增加整个网络的并行处理能力。当主链上的交易量增加时，Fractal 会自动将一部分交易分流到上层。每一层都能独立处理交易，而且可以根据网络需求动态地增加或减少扩展层的数量。在高峰期，它可以快速创建新的层级来应对突增的交易量，这种动态扩展能力使得网络能够灵活应对不同的负载情况。

  2. Cadence Mining：Fractal 采用与比特币相同的 PoW 共识机制，BTC 矿工可以用当前的 ASIC、GPU 和其他已有的硬件无缝转换到 Fractal 区块挖矿。

    为了拓展参与挖矿用户的多样性，Fractal 提出合并挖矿机制 Cadence Mining（节奏挖矿），将 无许可挖矿（Permissionless mining）和 合并挖矿（Merge mining）两种挖矿模式相结合，以每 3 个区块为一个周期，其中 2 个区块通过「无许可挖矿」产生，1 个区块通过「合并挖矿」产生。

  3. 重新应用 OP_CAT：Fractal Bitcoin 重新应用了 OP_CAT，这是 BTC 早期版本中曾经存在但后来被禁用的一个操作码。如今，经过「净化」的 OP_CAT 操作码成为开发者的有力工具，开发者更容易地处理大整数，增强 BTC 的脚本能力。进一步说，重新拿起 OP_CAT 为 BTC 生态带来更多开发可能，链上应用、智能合约等更多样的链上采用可能性得以在 BTC 主链落地生根。

2️⃣ 专访 UniSat 创始人：Fractal 是比特币最忠实的助手

作者：c00k1e、Jaleel，BlockBeats

https://www.theblockbeats.info/news/54695

创始人 Lorenzo：Fractal 是目前唯一的原生的比特币拓展方案，使用 Bitcoin Core 的代码，和比特币保持高度一致。如果说其他 L2 和侧链是另修了一条高速公路，那 Fractal 则是可以修无数条与比特币主网并行的高速公路。每一条路可以是去扩展比特币主网，也可以是去拓展另一条路。这样每条都有自己独特的价值取向，你可以在不需要更换交通工具的情况下解决拥堵的问题。我们的地址格式和主网地址一样，并使用原有的钱包、工具、矿机等，这也是社区反馈使用 Fractal 非常舒服方便的原因。

与一些比特币 Layer 2 不同，Fractal 不会和主网竞争注意力和流动性，而是作为有独特优势的解决方案。在比特币主网上不能有效支持某些特性的情况下，Fractal 会是一个好的选择。Fractal 也非常适合被当作为比特币的先行网，因为和主网高度一致，又在性能上进行了优化，非常适合复杂应用去尽可能地实验、创新。同时能让用户参与进来，在真实交互环境下给真实的反馈，这是目前 Signet 和 Testnet 以及其他比特币 Layer 2 无法做到的。

引入 OP_CAT 的意义在于兼顾安全性的同时对比特币的可编程性进行扩展。我们认为 OP_CAT 的潜力还是没被大家完全理解。值得注意的是，比特币网络是个系统工程，一个功能理论上的优势和它在系统内实践所体现的可能完全不同。例如，有人提出用 OP_CAT 去验证 ZK_proof，但真正在比特币主网上跑那么大的脚本是不太现实的。所以不能仅停留在理论研究，实际操作起来更重要。这里就能体现 OP_CAT 在 Fractal 上的优势，Fractal 的大容量可以让开发者尽情地去实验，并在很长一段时间保证成本极低，很多在主网上的不可行的复杂应用可以很好地在 Fractal 上落地。

我认为不应该说升级后的主网会对 Fractal 存在威胁，而是各有所长。Fractal 适合作为次重要资产的储存地，而 BTC 主网适合非常高价值的资产，毕竟是最安全的网络。这样能鼓励资产创新的同时可以避免主网拥堵，两者各司其职。

常见的 51% 攻击一般分为两种：藏块+空块/排除特定交易。在 Fractal 体系下，每隔两个自由区块，由联合挖矿确保一次正常交易得到出块的机会。假设攻击方持续出空块，所有的自由区块全部被打为空块，那么网络也只是退化为每 90 秒正常交易得到一次入块机会。机枪池利用滞后的难度调整疯狂出块。Fractal 在动态 DAA 的基础上做了调整和优化，使得算力颠簸强烈时的难度调整能更好地匹配实际的变化。

在共识机制上，我们采用一种创新的方式「Cadence Mining」，2/3 的区块由自由挖矿产出，而 1/3 的区块由联合挖矿挖出，矿工可以用已有的矿机挖比特币主网的同时挖 Fractal。联合挖矿对算力要求很高，这些算力足够大，相当于我们用额外的 Fractal Bitcoin 收益来激励矿工的同时也保证了网络安全。

另一个大家比较担心的安全问题应该就是跨链。MPC 方案是我们目前的最低要求方案，因为要优先保证 Fractal 能良好地运作，在创新的同时能确保稳定性。我们也在和其他团队合作研发具有原子性的方案，就是说我的资产直接进入到交易对手方的钱包，对手方的钱包直接进入到我的钱包，没有第三种可能，完全排除对平台方信任的需求。除此之外，我们还在推动其他几种技术创新，希望能为大家提供更多选择。

3️⃣【长推】OP_CAT、OP_NET 和 Fractal 什么关系？

作者：OP_NET中文社区

https://www.chainfeeds.xyz/feed/detail/3b584dc5-6863-4b2c-aa9c-2d988dbcc431

OP_CAT 是比特币脚本中的一个操作码，用于处理比特币交易中的数据。OP_NET 是构建在比特币上的元协议，用于发行、交易、管理符合协议标准的资产。Fractal 是独立于比特币的侧链，用于扩展比特币的功能，提高交易速度，实现更复杂的应用。

OP_CAT 是比特币最早期脚本操作码的一部分，为了避免可能的漏洞（因内存使用不受限而导致的潜在拒绝 DoS 攻击），中本聪禁用了多个操作码，包括 OP_CAT。而 BIP-420 则 是专门为重新引入 OP_CAT 而提出的提案，希望以新的方式恢复 OP_CAT，而 BIP-420 只是提案的编号。

OP_NET 作为一个发行，交易，管理资产的协议标准，与操作码是不是同一类型的东西。与之相比的应为 Ordinals/Runes 等。它以 Wasm 编译的索引器实现多语言兼容，在索引中执行智能合约操作。采用账户模型，并且所有交易都以 BTC 作为 gas。如果这仍然难以理解，就记住：有智能合约；使用 BTC 做 gas 就够了。

Fractal 作为独立于比特币的侧链，Fractal 的优势是：更低的手续费，更大的容量，更快的速度。在尽量与主网保持一致的同时（不修改 Bitcoin Core 与 POW）可能会尝试扩展智能合约（取决于它的设计）。至于最终是否能够壮大发展，要看共识结果。不过不妨碍 OP_NET & OP_CAT 在这之上开展实验。

生态盘点

1️⃣ Fractal 主网上线在即，盘点生态十个潜力项目

作者：Golem，Odaily 星球日报

https://www.odaily.news/post/5197767

  1. UniWorlds：将自己定位为比特币生态系统中的游戏基础设施，其也是在 Fractal Bitcoin 上构建的首个项目。与 Fractal Bitcoin 类似，UniWorlds 也是由 UniSat 支持建立的， 8 月 8 月其宣布完成由 UniSat 和某 UGC 平台厂商联合领投的种子轮投资，金额未披露。目前 UniWorlds 旗下有 UniWorlds 域名和命运钥匙系列 NFT 这两种核心资产。

  2. Satspump.fun：将自己定位为比特币 Meme Launch 平台，用户可以轻松无门槛的在 Fractal Bitcoin 上发行 Meme 币，项目由 Fractal Bitcoin 提供支持。借助 Fractal Bitcoin 30 秒的快速区块确认时间，Satspump.fun 能够快速发行 Meme 币。同时，与 pump.fun 机制类似，一旦达到联合曲线预先设定目标，所有的流动性都将迁移到 Fractal Swap，并且为了确保流动性不会被移除，Satspump.fun 将自动销毁 LP。

  3. Motoswap：是由 OP_NET 支持的 DEX，OP_NET 是近期诞生的比特币一层智能合约元协议，由此前 CBRC 20 协议团队研发，因此 Motoswap 原本是支持 CBRC 20 代币的 DEX。8 月 12 日，OP_NET 官方表示已经将 Motoswap 部署到了 Fractal Bitcoin 测试网上，这使 Motoswap 成功成为了 Fractal Bitcoin 测试网上第一个 DEX。

  4. InfinityAI：Fractal Bitcoin 生态中的 AIGC 平台，与传统 AIGC 平台类似，用户可以输入文字或图片提示生成新的图片和 NFT。InfinityAI 目前是为数不多可以在 Fractal Bitcoin 测试网中体验的项目，仅一周其测试网日活就达 8.8 万。

  5. VNTG ROBOTS：机器人战斗游戏，8 月 17 日宣布迁入 Fractal Bitcoin 生态系统，成为第一个 play-to-earn 游戏项目。

  6. honzomomo：将自己定位为 Fractal Bitcoin 上的第一个 Ordinals NFT，并且将在 9 月份推出。

  7. GOOSINALS：Ordinals NFT goosinals 项目成员、UniWorlds 项目大使🄱LOCK 在 X 平台是发文称将会在 Fractal Bitcoin 上发行免费公平铸造的 10 合集 GOOSINALS。goosinals 此前在比特币主网上表现较好，地板价最高达到过 0.05 BTC 左右。

二、新协议/协议新进展

1️⃣ bolt：通过以太坊上的无需信任提议者承诺实现亚秒级预确认。

Bolt 使以太坊区块提议者能够就其区块内容提供可信的承诺。 该系统旨在通过解锁新的协议外原语（如预先确认和包含列表），改善以太坊的用户体验和抗审查能力。 最终，这将为用户和应用程序提高差异化区块空间的价值，并为验证者带来更多收益。

Bolt 是在协议外实现的，利用再质押来提供经济保障。由于它的协议外特性，它在乐观失效模式下运行：提议者可以违背他们所作的承诺，但一旦这样做将受到惩罚。该系统与现有的区块生产 pipeline 兼容，易于与现有系统集成。

https://chainbound.github.io/bolt-docs/

https://boltprotocol.xyz/

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Notable aspects include: Blockchain Infrastructure: The token is built on the Solana blockchain, known for its capacity to handle high-speed and low-cost transactions. Supply Dynamics: DIGITAL GOLD has a maximum supply capped at 100 quadrillion tokens (100P $BITCOIN), although details regarding its circulating supply are currently undisclosed. Utility: While precise functionalities are not explicitly outlined, there are indications that the token could be utilized for various applications, potentially involving decentralized applications (dApps) or asset tokenization strategies. Who is the Creator of DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN)? At present, the identity of the creators and development team behind DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) remains unknown. This situation is typical among many innovative projects within the blockchain space, particularly those aligning with decentralized finance and meme coin phenomena. While such anonymity may foster a community-driven culture, it intensifies concerns about governance and accountability. Who are the Investors of DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN)? The available information indicates that DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) does not have any known institutional backers or prominent venture capital investments. The project seems to operate on a peer-to-peer model focused on community support and adoption rather than traditional funding routes. Its activity and liquidity are primarily situated on decentralized exchanges (DEXs), such as PumpSwap, rather than established centralized trading platforms, further highlighting its grassroots approach. How DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) Works The operational mechanics of DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) can be elaborated on based on its blockchain design and network attributes: Consensus Mechanism: By leveraging Solana’s unique proof-of-history (PoH) combined with a proof-of-stake (PoS) model, the project ensures efficient transaction validation contributing to the network's high performance. Tokenomics: While specific deflationary mechanisms have not been extensively detailed, the vast maximum token supply implies that it may cater to microtransactions or niche use cases that are still to be defined. Interoperability: There exists the potential for integration with Solana’s broader ecosystem, including various decentralized finance (DeFi) platforms. However, the details regarding specific integrations remain unspecified. Timeline of Key Events Here is a timeline that highlights significant milestones concerning DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN): 2023: The initial deployment of the token occurs on the Solana blockchain, marked by its contract address. 2024: DIGITAL GOLD gains visibility as it becomes available for trading on decentralized exchanges like PumpSwap, allowing users to trade it against SOL. 2025: The project witnesses sporadic trading activity and potential interest in community-led engagements, although no noteworthy partnerships or technical advancements have been documented as of yet. Critical Analysis Strengths Scalability: The underlying Solana infrastructure supports high transaction volumes, which could enhance the utility of $BITCOIN in various transaction scenarios. Accessibility: The potential low trading price per token could attract retail investors, facilitating wider participation due to fractional ownership opportunities. Risks Lack of Transparency: The absence of publicly known backers, developers, or an audit process may yield skepticism regarding the project's sustainability and trustworthiness. Market Volatility: The trading activity is heavily reliant on speculative behavior, which can result in significant price volatility and uncertainty for investors. Conclusion DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) emerges as an intriguing yet ambiguous project within the rapidly evolving Solana ecosystem. While it attempts to leverage the “digital gold” narrative, its departure from Bitcoin's established role as a store of value underscores the need for a clearer differentiation of its intended utility and governance structure. Future acceptance and adoption will likely depend on addressing the current opacity and defining its operational and economic strategies more explicitly. Note: This report encompasses synthesised information available as of October 2023, and developments may have transpired beyond the research period.

501 Total ViewsPublished 2025.05.13Updated 2025.05.13

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