十问十答,“暴跌元凶”德国政府砸盘影响几何?

Odaily星球日报Published on 2024-07-09Last updated on 2024-07-09

Abstract

还剩多少比特币可砸?抛售可能停止吗?极端情况下币价会跌多少?

原创 | Odaily星球日报(@OdailyChina

作者|Azuma(@azuma.eth

十问十答,“暴跌元凶”德国政府砸盘影响几何?

16038.7 枚比特币,总价值超 9 亿美元,这是德国政府在昨日一天时间内转至交易所与做市机构(部分已取回)的 BTC 数额。 

自 6 月 19 日开始出售 BTC 以来,德国政府在过去约 20 天内持续“砸盘”,昨日则是以天为单位的抛售峰值,单日抛售数额超过了此前近 20 天的总额,致使市场的反弹态势一度被强行打断。

作为当下市场上最为明确的两大利空之一(另一大为 Mt.Gox 开始币本位还款),不少读者对于德国政府“砸盘”的来龙去脉尚不够了解,致使无法准确评估该事件对于市场的潜在影响。为消除这些疑惑,Odaily 星球日报将结合市场资料以及链上数据,以问答形式来厘清这些信息。 

  • Q1:德国政府的比特币是哪来的?

A1: 2024 年 1 月,德国东部萨克森州的警方宣布扣押了近 5 万枚 BTC,当时价值约 22 亿美元。萨克森州警方当时评价表示:"这是迄今为止德意志联邦共和国执法当局扣押比特币数额最大的一次行动"。

这些比特币来自于一家曾活跃于 2013 年左右的盗版影视网站 Movie2k.toMovie2k.to 关闭后,德国执法当局在美国联邦调查局的协助下,确认了该网站背后的运营者为一名波兰人以及一名德国人,之后的调查细节并没有太多资料,但有报道表示其中的一名嫌疑人主动向德国执法当局上交了这些 BTC。

在扣押之后,德国联邦刑事警察局将这些比特币转移到了自己的一个实控地址内。

  • Q2:德国政府到底曾持有多少比特币?

A2 :目前,可通过公开信息及链上分析追踪的德国政府持仓仅为上述从 Movie2k.to 处扣押的这笔资金,大概数额为 5 万枚 BTC。

不过,考虑到萨克森州警方当时曾将此次扣押描述为“数额最大的一次行动”,而非“第一次行动”,不排除德国政府此前亦曾通过其他行动得到过一些比特币。 

因此我们保守判断,在抛售之前德国政府至少持有 5 万枚 BTC。 

  • Q3:德国政府是什么时候开始抛售的?卖出进度到哪一步了?

A3:今年 6 月 19 日,Arkham 监测发现德国政府相关地址转出了 6500 枚 BTC,并通过新地址将其中 2500 枚 BTC 转移到了 Kraken 和 Bitstamp 等交易所,当日 BTC 的价格约为 64000 美元。

此后,德国政府相关地址几乎每天都在持续转出 BTC,数额从几百枚到上千枚不等。昨日,德国政府的抛售迎来了峰值。链上分析师余烬监测指出,德国政府昨日合计转出 16038.7 枚 BTC(约 9.15 亿美元)至交易所与做市机构。

不过,今日凌晨德国政府相关地址陆续收回了累计 3673 枚比特币(价值超 2 亿美元),其中 3623 枚比特币来自 Coinbase、Kraken 和 Bitstamp, 50 枚比特币来自 bc1qxw 开头地址。 

The Block 研究主管 Steven Zheng 分析认为,德国政府很可能是和一些交易所签署了出售协定,这些返还交易很可能是因为交易所无法在目标价格范围内完成出售,于是将这些 BTC 退回了德国政府地址。

截至发文,德国政府相关地址内仍持有约 27500 枚 BTC,这意味着德国政府可能已售出 23500 枚 BTC,抛售进度已接近一半。

十问十答,“暴跌元凶”德国政府砸盘影响几何?

  • Q4:如何监测后续动向?

A4:Arkham 提供了德国政府地址跟踪界面,建议通过该工具进行监测。如果使用其他链上工具检测,建议直接追踪以下地址。

持仓主地址:bc1q0unygz3ddt8x0v33s6ztxkrnw0s0tl7zk4yxwd。

转出时的常用中介地址:bc1qq0l4jgg9rcm3puhhfwaz4c9t8hdee8hfz6738z。

  • Q5 :抛售会继续吗?

A5:先说结论,大概率仍会继续。

这里存在的一个潜在变数是德国议员 Joana Cotar。Joana 近日已多次呼吁德国政府停止抛售,并建议政府将剩余的这些比特币转为“战略储备资金”。

Joana 提到,她已向萨克森州州长、总统克雷奇默(Michael Kretschmer)、财政部长林德尔(Christian Lindner)和总理肖尔茨(Olaf Scholz)表达了自己的担忧,并邀请了官员参加 10 月 17 日的“国家比特币策略”讲座,讨论如何利用比特币改善国家经济。

显然,以德国政府当前的抛售速度来看,剩下的这点儿 BTC 根本撑不到 10 月 17 日……

  • Q6:抛售的实际影响到底有多大?

A6 :CoinGecko 数据显示,比特币过去 24 小时的交易额约为 337 亿美元。

从绝对数额来看,德国政府卖出的这些 BTC 占市场交易总额的比例并不算太大 —— 以昨日约 7.1 亿美元的峰值数据计算(16039 - 3673 = 12366 BTC),占比约为 2.15% ;假设剩余约 27500 枚 BTC(约 15.4 亿美元)全数抛向市场,占比也“只”有 4.7% 。

  • Q7:为何市场反应如此大?

A7 :综合来看有以下三大原因。

一是德国政府并未采用大额交易常用的场外渠道,而是直接“生砸”进了交易所,短线抛压的激增很容易击破各大交易所内的买方流动性,进而造成行情短线快速下跌。

二是德国政府的持续抛售很容易影响市场情绪,尤其是在当前本就悲观的市场环境下。

三是德国政府完全明牌的操作模式也给了一些空头借机发力的机会,加剧了市场波动。

  • Q8 :各路机构及大佬如何评价此事? 

A8 :关于此事,最知名的公众评论无疑是孙宇晨此前的公开喊话“愿意场外收购德国政府的所有 BTC”,不过这事儿暂时并没有任何进展,孙哥为此还在德国欧洲杯被西班牙绝杀后讽刺道:“德国队输球的原因,或许就是因为他们抛售了太多的比特币。”

十问十答,“暴跌元凶”德国政府砸盘影响几何?

回归正题,关于德国政府此次的抛售行为,多家机构及大佬均发表了自己的看法。

Bitfinex 在其最新报告中表示,市场已逐渐意识到了德国政府转移的 BTC 虽然名义价值很大,但在 BTC 的总交易量中占比较小,这是一个潜在的市场触底信号。

CoinShares 研究主管 James Butterfill 则表示,尽管抛售实际上相对较小,但却显著地影响了市场情绪。

分析师 Alex Krüger 则当前市场流动性和此前几次比特币大额转移引发的市场下跌幅度进行了测算,认为在极端情况下,如果德国政府和 Mt.Gox 都选择了一次性抛售(后者假设抛售 30% ),可能导致 BTC 短线快速下跌 10.5% ,但市场最终完全可以吸收这些抛压。

  • Q9:其他政府的 BTC 持仓情况如何?

A9:针对其他各国政府的 BTC 情况,Arkham 也做了专门的跟踪界面抛开德国政府不计,各国政府的 BTC 持仓总价值超过 150 亿美元。

十问十答,“暴跌元凶”德国政府砸盘影响几何?

美国政府的 BTC 持仓份额最大,估值约为 120 亿美元,其中大部分来源于 2013 年在丝绸之路破获行动以及随后针对暗网市场的调查行动。

英国政府持有价值约 33 亿美元的 BTC,该国税务机关英国税务海关总署(HMRC)此前曾拍卖过被扣押的加密货币。

萨尔瓦多持有 3.14 亿美元的比特币国库。萨尔瓦多的情况与其他各国均不相同,因为它代表的是战略投资而非资产扣押,该国于 2021 年成为第一个采用比特币作为法定货币的国家,此后则通过直接购买和挖矿业务积累了更多 BTC。

  • Q10 :其他政府有何抛售动向?

A10:除了德国政府外,当下比较需要留意的是美国政府的潜在出售动向。

Casa 联合创始人 Jameson Lopp 上个月末时曾统计了美国政府的 BTC 抛售记录 —— 自 2014 年以来,美国政府已扣押并出售至少 195091 枚比特币,获利超过 3.66 亿美元。

近期,美国政府相关地址也曾多次转移 BTC —— 包括 6 月 27 日向 Coinbase 转入 4000 枚 BTC;6 月 28 日向 3KHnT 开头地址转入 11.84 枚 BTC, 7 月 4 日向 bc1qvc 开头地址转入 237 枚 BTC。

与德国政府不同,美国政府除了 BTC 之外还持有 ETH(约 5 万枚)、BNB(约 4 万枚)、UNI(约 30 万枚)等多种资产,且曾于 7 月 1 日向0x5ac4 开头地址转入约 3375 枚 ETH。对于上述币种的持仓用户而言,或许更应该留意美国政府的地址动向。

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