BTC生态「恒纪元」诞生?浅谈Runes的创新价值及潜在后续市场影响

Odaily星球日报Published on 2024-04-22Last updated on 2024-04-22

Abstract

只有Runes标准的资产发行造富拉新效应和后续BTC layer2链在生态运营层面持续产生联动,才是BTC生态大爆发的开始。

原文作者:Haotian(X:@tme l0 211 

如何理解 Runes 的创新价值以及潜在后续市场影响? 在我看来,Runes 是基于 Ordinals 协议的一套 FT 代币发行标准,会成为 BTC 网络后续构建庞大生态的资产发行基础。如果把减半前 BRC 20、ARC 20、SRC 20 等标准乱飞的阶段视为“乱纪元”,Runes 标准将会推动一个 BTC 生态发展的“恒纪元”诞生?接下来,谈谈我的理解:

1)Ordinals 是一种通过链外索引方式实现的基于 BTC 网络发行和转移各种加密资产的协议。Ordinals 最初比较适配 NFT 类型的资产,Rune 标准的出现弥补了其在 FT 同质化代币资产发行管理上的不足,真正帮助其成为一种 BTC 衍生加密资产发行和管理协议;

2)Ordinals 之后诞生了 BRC 20、ARC 20、SRC 20 等等一系列的衍生创新标准,都围绕 UTXO 中的 Script 脚本空间做文章,目标实现在 BTC 发行 FT 同质化资产。 

BRC 20 作为首创代币标准,通过把数据放在 Witness 隔离见证中的方式实现了资产发行,并通过后续 Ordinals 以及其他多索引器之间的共同管理来实现资产管理;ARC 20 则是衍生改进的代币标准,基于链 UTXO 本身转移特性来实现衍生铭文资产的转移管理,降低了对多索引器的依赖;SRC 20 则直接把原始数据以邮票编码的形式嵌入到了 UTXO 交易中,不需依赖三方索引器,就能实现资产发行和管理。

以上三类代币发行标准,各有优劣势:BRC 20 虽然出现早共识强,但市场 Fomo 情绪下会造成 UTXO 集合膨胀造成大量粉尘长期看会危害 BTC 网络;ARC 20 因其染色币转移模型的简洁和 Bitwork 的 POW 挖矿范式而深受技术社区的喜欢,但其依赖隔离见证做数据存储也并不完美,后续代币拆分也遇到些麻烦;SRC 20 虽然可以不依赖索引器,但本身数据存储给 BTC 网络制造粉尘的问题并没有解决。 

3)如大家所见,此种群雄逐鹿分天下的乱纪元持续了很长时间,Ordinals 创始人Casey(X:@rodarmor)提出了 Runes 新标准意欲解决这一乱象,创新点有二: 

  • 引入了 OP_RETURN 比特币脚本操作码,可标记并存储非支付相关的任意数据,源头上解决了 UTXO 粉尘的问题;

  •  采纳了 ARC 20 等主导的 UTXO 模型资产转移特性,用户通过转移 UTXO 就可实现铭文衍生资产的转移和管理。

OP_RETURN 相当于以太坊 layer 2 上应用的 Blob 空间,可以有效记录数据但并不会被全节点执行操作,通过 OP_RETURN 的标记,Ordinals 协议可以根据 UTXO 的转移动向来管理和记账,可很好实现资产拆分以及避免资产丢失问题。如何实现资产拆分呢?举例说明,若 Alice 有 10 枚 Rune 代币,现在要向 Bob 发送 2 枚 Rune 代币:

  • Alice 在链上发起常规交易转账,并指定 Bob 的地址为接收地址; 

  • 钱包或资产管理平台会跟进发起一笔 OP_RETURN 交易并标记 2 枚转给 Bob,剩下的 8 枚转往 Alice 的找零地址(铭文转移其实有 2 笔交易);

(ARC 20 存在的资产被烧原因就在此,若用户不指定找零地址,默认资产会跟 UTXO 一同“消失”转移给了矿工) 

  • Ordinals 协议索引数据发现 OP_RETURN 记录了转移 2 枚的请求,给 Bob 地址+ 2 ,给 Alice 新地址+ 8 ,完成资产拆分和转移管理。

 4)不难看出,Runes 标准采纳众长并根本上解决了 UTXO 膨胀被诟病的问题,关键是 Runes 标准配合 Ordinals 协议可以实现 FT 和 NFT 资产发行的统一,让 Ordinals 协议进一步巩固了基础。

通俗理解,Runes 标准其实就是 Ordinals 协议附属的一套 FT 代币标准,其和 Ordinals 组合会向 BTC 市场输出一种健康有基础的资产发行和管理方法。Runes 摒弃了 BRC 20 过度依赖索引器的缺陷,更多发挥 UTXO 本身的转移能力来辅助标记,进而实现了一种接近 BTC 原生的一种资产发行方式。

其他标准有的优点,它都有,其他标准无法解决的缺陷,它没有。除非你非要较真 Ordinals 协议是否可信的问题,不然,Ordinals+Rune 一定是当前 BTC 衍生资产的“完美”发行范式。

 5)Runes 和 Ordinals 的组合短期看会给 BRC 20、ARC 20、SRC 20 等代币发行标准造成冲击,毕竟其综合共识+技术优势+长期稳定性等都占有优势,其他标准会被直接吸血,并吸走大量的关注和拥趸。

但,这绝不是完全取代,如果你关注 ARC 20 ,仍然不排除后续其有惊艳发展的可能性。在我看来,Ordinals 可以被视为索引器,也可以被视为一个 layer 2 索引链,某种程度上和具备同构绑定特性的 CKB 链@NervosNetwork属于同级别竞争。Ordinals 协议的共识虽然很强大,但也不可能阻止和它并立的其他协议的诞生和发展壮大。(若仍然基于 Ordinals 却还试图甩开 Runes 搞“标准”差异化创新,还是省省吧)

6)Runes 标准的出现我们惊奇的发现市场玩法变了,天价矿工费和 Premine 机制以及 Runestone、RISC 等配合 NFT 空投等一系列玩法让整个 BTC 衍生资产市场发行更加像早期 NFT 市场的玩法了。

有人说,它改变了 Fair Mint 的基本面,错,这样由项目方驱动,有公开透明分发机制、有后续赋能发展潜力、有社区持续壮大基础的代币发行标准才是“健康态”的。如果一个资产发行只能 Fomo 一波,让一波人实现暴富而产生不了任何后续想象空间,其意义也非常有限。 

以上 

正像开篇说,我希望 Runes 标准的出现会为 BTC 生态发展拉开一次“恒纪元”的发展局面,目前看起步还不错。也希望作为一种主流发行资产范式,它能把 BTC 生态从炒作资产发行范式阶段,真正提速到一个赋能 layer 2 发展生态的阶段。

只有 Runes 标准的资产发行造富拉新效应和后续 BTC layer 2 链在生态运营层面持续产生联动,才是 BTC 生态大爆发的开始。

Note:以上内容仅代表个人客观投研立场,部分技术细节描写可能有偏差,不做投资建议和参考。更多内容,请访问我推特个人 Profile 主页订阅的的 Substack 专栏,可以系统速览更多的技术和商业洞察内容。

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