比特币算力下降约1/3,背后竟是极端天气的锅

Odaily星球日报Published on 2024-01-18Last updated on 2024-01-18

Abstract

寒潮不只影响实体经济,也在克扣矿工收入。

原创 | Odaily星球日报

作者 | loopy

比特币算力下降约1/3,背后竟是极端天气的锅

近日,比特币挖矿算力正在快速下降。目前,比特币挖矿算力正徘徊在 440 EH/s 附近,而最低一度跌至约 414 EH/s。在过去的几天内,比特币算力较近期前高跌去了约三分之一。

比特币算力下降约1/3,背后竟是极端天气的锅

(图片来源:coinwarz)

而行业参与者来说,算力的下跌,又将如何影响加密市场(比特币成本价)呢?

美国寒潮来袭,能源短缺危及矿工

1 月 15 日,德克萨斯电力可靠性委员会(ERCOT)就公开发布警告,由于持续寒冷的气温、破纪录的电力需求以及反常的风力,预计电力供应水平将较低。ERCOT 要求德克萨斯州的企业和居民在安全的情况下节约用电。他们同时提出预告,表示可能会出现局部性停电。

极端天气的出现对电网构成考验。在低温之下,短缺的供应和激增的需求,推动了电价的上扬。

根据 LSEG 的数据,电力公司“宾夕法尼亚-新泽西-马里兰互联西部中心(PJM West Hub)”的数据显示,电力价格在寒潮之中将从平时每兆瓦时(MWh)约 35 美元的价格,跃升至最高 158 美元左右。电力价格将创下 2022 年 12 月以来的最高水平。

高昂的电力价格也让比特币挖矿成本激增。而目前,美国是世界比特币算力最为集中、密集的地区。因此,这场寒潮所引发的电力价格波动,极大的影响着矿工们的生产。

以美国最大矿池 Foundry USA 为例,该矿池的 hashrate 一度从平日的约 150 EH/s 下降到最低的 77 EH/s。同样位于美国的矿企 Luxor 也受到了影响。

本次寒潮影响,以德克萨斯(加密挖矿重镇)最为严重。著名的加密矿企 Marathon Digital 也出现了算力下降。

Marathon Digital 的高管对媒体表示,目前诸多矿工都已关闭了他们的部分矿机,削减运营成本,“包括 Marathon 在内的德州大量矿工都在过去几天里减少了运营量,我们减少电力消耗以在当前的寒潮爆发期间支持德州电网和居民用电。在危机时期,德州矿工的能源负荷可以在短短几分钟内就被释放,以此为其他人腾出出能源供应。这也是过去几天内我们所看到的。”

而这种情况并非首次出现,这也是 PJM West Hub 自 2022 年 12 月以来最高的电力次日价格,当时该价格曾高达到每兆瓦时 179 美元。作为参考, 2023 年的平均价格为 37 美元, 2018 年至 2022 年平均 42 美元。

TheMinerMag 的报道显示,矿工们的大撤退释放了约 4 吉瓦(gigawatts)的电力。

2022 寒潮再现?矿工过得还好吗?

2022 年 12 月,一场名为“埃利奥特”(Elliott)的大规模寒潮将天然气的使用量推至历史最高水平,并导致美国东半部的一些电力和天然气系统崩溃。由此引发的数十家发电厂关闭,以及创下历史新高的电力水平,曾一度危及到全美的比特币矿业。

彼时,德州电费飙升超过 400% 。12 月底,BTC 算力跌至 156 EH/s,算力跌至全年最低谷。

而今年寒潮的再度来袭,让人们不禁回想起那个被寒冷支配的冬天。

若我们将视野放向较大的时间周期,矿工们的收益的确在随着 ETF 效应的消失而逐渐下降。

比特币算力下降约1/3,背后竟是极端天气的锅

近一个月以来,矿工的哈希率价值,即每单位算力产出的美元收益,已经下跌了约 30% 。

BRC-20 带来的铭文热潮,一度给矿工带来了极高的手续费收入。而目前铭文的高热度告一段落,矿工手续费也在不断降低。

比特币算力下降约1/3,背后竟是极端天气的锅

BTC.com 数据显示,昨日比特币全网手续费约为 104.6 BTC,较三日前(219 BTC)下降约 52% 。

伴随着算力的降低,BTC 挖矿难度也将迎来罕见的下调。BTC.com 数据显示,比特币全网难度当前为 73.2 T,预计 2 天后进行下次调整,预测将调整为 70.92 T 的难度。

尽管本次暴风雪的来袭,仅仅是短时间内的影响。但随着比特币减半周期的逐渐临近,矿企和矿工们所面临的压力,将进一步增加。目前距离减半已不足百日,预计减半后每个比特币的平均生产成本为 37, 856 美元。大多数矿商将面临销售和行政支出的成本的挑战,预计其盈亏平衡点约在 4 万美元。

以目前的币价和市场预期来看,矿企的盈利并无压力,但利润率的下滑或将在所难免。

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