“死亡潮”来临,盘点Web3项目的七种死法。

PanewsPublished on 2023-11-09Last updated on 2023-11-09

Abstract

在最近的几个月, Web3 行业迎来一阵“死亡”小高峰, Stelo 、 Yield Protocol 等诸多具有显赫机构背景的项目相继宣布停止运营。

作者:谷昱, ChainCatcher
10月31日,加密货币钱包 Linen Wallet 宣布将关闭其应用程序,“人们对我们产品的兴趣有所下降,寻求先进自我托管解决方案的个人加密货币投资者整体活动也在下降。”此前在2019年9月,该项目曾获得 Polychian、Coinbase Venture 等机构的投资。
10月17日,Web3 安全解决方案 Stelo 宣布停止开发旗下所有产品。今年2月,该项目曾宣布获得 a16z 领投的 600 万美元种子轮融资。
10月23日,Web3 创作者平台 Async Art 宣布将停止运营。此前在 2021 年 2月,该项目曾获得200万美元融资,Lemniscap、Galaxy Interactive、Collab+Currency 等参投。
10月3日,固定利率借贷协议 Yield Protocol 宣布将停止运营。此前在 2021年6月,Yield Protocol 完成 1000 万美元A轮融资,Paradigm、Framework Ventures 等参投。
9 月 20 日,稳定币收益率聚合器 GRO Protocol 宣布将停止运营。此前在 2021年3月, GRO Protocol 宣布完成 710 万美元种子轮融资, Galaxy Digital 、 Framework Ventures 、 Nascent 、 Variant Fund 等参投。
9 月 13 日,DeFi 流动性管理协议xToken 宣布停止运营。此前在 2021 年 11 月,该项目曾完成 200 万美元融资, Lattice Capital 等参投。

“死亡潮”来临,盘点Web3项目的七种死法


来源:《2023年加密行业死亡项目名单》
在最近的几个月, Web3 行业迎来一阵“死亡”小高峰, Stelo 、 Yield Protocol 等诸多具有显赫机构背景的项目相继宣布停止运营。据链捕手统计,近三个月主动宣布停止运营的 Web3 项目至少有 16 个,而悄无声息“慢性死亡”的项目只会更多。
优胜劣汰与高死亡率是创业公司的常态,对于牛熊周期特别明显的加密行业而言更是如此。综合这些死亡项目的“临终遗言”,链捕手总结了致使它们的五大原因。对于多数宣告死亡的项目,资金不足是最主要、也是最直接的原因,其它原因还包括产品缺乏市场契合度、监管政策趋严等。
以下是详细信息:
资金不足
在这些宣布停止运营的项目中,大多数项目的上一次融资时间发生在 2 0 2 1 年上半年,距今超过 2 年之久,加之区块链产品往往需要很高的开发与运营成本,融资款至今年基本消耗殆尽。同时,加密一级融资市场近两年持续下滑,老项目很难重新获得资本的青睐并获得新融资,因此被迫走向关闭。
绝大多数项目都是因为缺乏资金而走向倒闭,尤其是在无法完成新一轮融资的情况下。当然,也有多个项目表示仍具有一定资金,并计划将剩余资金分发给投资者,包括 Superdao 、 Linen Wallet 。
产品缺乏市场契合度
很多项目制定了野心勃勃的产品计划,并认为可以获得可观的市场采用率,但最终市场并未如同他们预期那般大规模采用其产品。这意味着产品定位存在严重误区,即便长期运营下去也难以获得相应的回报,这也使得部分项目选择主动关停。这类项目的涉及领域包括 DAO 解决方案、 NFT (租赁 NFT 、视频 NFT 等)等。
例如 DAO 一体化平台 Superdao 表示,2022 年其开始为已经启动并运营的 Web3 项目构建增长和分析工具,其清晰地看到,加密行业本身变得比最初的抱负(“新互联网”)要小得多,为加密公司提供专门的工具不太可能产生风险投资规模的回报。
a16 z 投资的安全解决方案 Steolo 则表示,产品开发之初,团队认为最紧迫的问题是防止用户受骗或陷入钓鱼陷阱,但最后发现用户最关心的问题是参与赌博和投机活动。该团队还指出三个错误的假设包括“交易安全具有数据网络效应”、“每位加密货币用户都使用独立钱包”、“消费者采用加密货币指日可待”。
“ AAA 级加密游戏或去中心化社交可能很快就会带来爆炸性增长,但 Stelo 产品组合并不能为这些用户带来太多好处,也不能从这种增长中获益。重要的是,我们不相信我们目前的用户能够代表我们预期的随着更广泛采用到来的新用户浪潮。” Steolo 反思道。
黑客攻击
近两年黑客攻击频次始终居高不下,致使许多项目的国库资金或者用户资产遭受巨大损失,从数十万美元到数千万美元不等,这既降低了项目的自我维持能力,也消耗了用户对项目的信任度,致使项目难以为继。
Hotbit 就表示,其停运的三大原因之一就是, Hotbit 曾多次遭遇网络攻击、项目缺陷被恶意用户利用等问题,造成重大损失。去中心化借贷协议 Hundred Finance 停止运营的主要原因也是黑客攻击,该项目在今年 4 月遭黑客盗取超 700 万美元。宣告解散的去中心化交易协议 Saddle Finance 亦在黑客攻击中损失数百万美元。
被母公司放弃
部分项目的死亡则身不由己,因为他们的母公司处于各种原因的考虑,决定不再支持该项目的发展,因此宣告停止运营。
今年 5 月, DCG 宣布将关闭旗下机构级交易平台 TradeBlock,其原因是宏观经济状况和长期的加密寒冬,以及充满挑战的美国数字资产监管环境。
今年 9 月, IoT 区块链 IOTA 宣布停止对旗下公链 Assembly 的开发,因为这是在该协议中增加进一步的复杂性,创建一个潜在的竞争解决方案,从而夺走 IOTA 和 $ IOTA 代币的价值并稀释市场注意力。此前 Assembly 曾获得 1800 万美元融资。
经营不善
经营水平是影响项目长期发展最重要的因素之一,有些项目即便有着充实的资金支持、市场空间巨大,但在糟糕的运营水平、一系列错误决策的影响下,也会最终导致死亡。
典型案例是加密货币托管公司 Prime Trust ,曾获得数亿美元的融资,但今年被曝从 2021 年起就一直在私自挪用客户资金,并与 FTX 等暴雷项目存在较大规模业务往来,最终陷入资不抵债、宣告破产的境地。
监管政策趋严
随着 FTX 等加密项目的暴雷以及洗钱风险的扩大,各国监管部门近一年显著增加了的加密行业的监管力度, SEC 甚至对 Ripple 等项目提出涉及证券发行的指控,这使得在美国地区的加密项目合规压力倍增,
Yield Protocol 发言人表示,需求不足和监管环境不确定是停止运营决定背后的关键驱动因素。 Web3 直播平台 Xeenon 在其社交平台表示,美国的监管环境使其难以进行创新,为此团队决定于关闭平台运营。
核心团队失联
不同于政策环境的问题,今年以来多个加密项目因为涉及洗钱风险,其核心团队被警方直接带走,致使项目被迫停止运营。典型案例是 Multichain 、 BKEX 与 CNHC Group ,这些项目今年年中均传出核心团队成员被警方控制的消息,其中 Multichain 上亿美元的用户资产也去向成谜。

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