资本追逐Near生态,Near将推出原生算法稳定币USN

蜂巢TechPublished on 2022-04-22Last updated on 2022-04-22

Abstract

进入4月,公链Near的动作越来越多,先是在4月6日宣布完成3.5亿美元新一轮融资,以促进Near生态的进一步增长;又有消息称Near将推出原生算法稳定币USN。

进入4月,公链Near的动作越来越多,先是在4月6日宣布完成3.5亿美元新一轮融资,以促进Near生态的进一步增长;又有消息称Near将推出原生算法稳定币USN。

Near的新一轮融资由传统投资基金老虎环球基金TigerGlobal领投,FTXVentures、ParaFiCapital等多家加密投资机构参投。不仅是该公链获得了融资,其生态内的多个应用也在近期获得机构的投资,包括去中心化交易应用Trisolaris、借贷应用Burrow和Bastion,足见Near生态对资本的吸引力。

Near(NEAR)为解决以太坊扩容问题而生,推出了基于分片技术搭建的、可无限扩容的高性能区块网络,该公链是利用分片技术为区块链提升扩展性的典型代表。

相比融资,更令加密社区关注的是Near的稳定币计划。这个计划最早是有加密领域的媒体CryptoInsiders披露的,该媒体创始人ZoranKole撰稿称,NEAR将于4月20日推出原生算法稳定币USN,并与Terra链(LUNA)的稳定币UST一样,提供约20%的APR。

对此,Near官方并未作出回应,但社区和市场先躁动了起来。Near链的原生通证NEAR一路上扬,最高冲至20美元,近30天内涨幅为69%。这一涨幅在加密资产市场整体下跌中十分亮眼,NEAR一直高位震荡,目前在16美元上下。

跟随NEAR上涨的还有Near链上锁仓的加密资产价值(TVL),该数据已升至14.6亿美元,近30天内涨幅为169%,TVL增幅在众多Layer1公链中排名第一。

除了消息层面带来的NearTVL上涨外,更重要的是该公链在2021年末突破了此前的发展瓶颈——Aurora网络上线。这个基于Near区块链搭建的扩容网络改变了Near在2021年不兼容以太坊而带来局限,比如DApp迁移难,资金入口不畅等。

目前,Aurora开发团队已独立运行。由于它兼容EVM,方便开发者能够无需更改代码即可迁移应用至Aurora网络,进而加入到Near生态中。至此,Near生态的技术底层形成了主链和兼容以太坊的Aurora网络并行的格局,打通了以太坊等其他兼容EVM的一众Layer1网络与Near生态的交互,包括开发者和DApp的用户。

已经发展了2年的Near链上目前有哪些应用?各自的进展如何?本期DeFi蜂窝将会一一盘点。

流动性质押协议MetaPool

Metapool(META)是Near生态内的流动性质押协议(平台),业务类似于以太坊生态内的Lido,功能性体现在帮助节点或用户完成NEAR质押,同时提升资产流动性,提高用户的资产利用率。

与很多公链一样,Near链也采用了PoS(权益证明)机制,验证节点需要质押底层通证NEAR来获得验证资格,以保障网络的出块稳定和安全,节点们可以获得出块奖励(NEAR)。

一般情况下,质押的通证(Token)数量越多,验证节点的可信度越高。因此,运营验证节点的往往有资金和技术实力的机构。当普通用户从验证节点中分一杯羹时,往往需要把持有的通证委托给验证节点。这就需要用户自行在智能合约上操作委托流程,还需要自己来判断节点的可靠度等,这个过程增加了用户的操作和知识成本。

除此之外,用户质押通证给节点后,在给定的质押期间不能赎回,也不能流通,所获得的收益仅仅只有定额的区块奖励分成。在DeFi这个大的区块链金融体系内,这降低了用户的资产使用效率。

Metapool为解决上述痛点而来,用户在该协议中质押NEAR即可获得质押收益,平台会动把用户质押的NEAR匹配给验证节点。质押用户1:1比例获得质押凭证stNEAR,持有stNEAR可以获得质押奖励,还可以参与Near链上的DeFi应用。用户解除质押时,只需要在Metapool提供的「stNEAR—NEAR」的流动池中将stNEAR兑换为NEAR即可。

stNEAR与NEAR以1:1的比例释放给用户,由于stNEAR在生态内可视作NEAR,支持DeFi场景,比如兑换或者借贷,这就相当于释放了NEAR的流动性,提升了NEAR的资产利用率,此外,质押NERA本身还可以获得Metapool给予的奖励。目前,用户在Metapool平台上质押NEAR获得的年化收益率为11%。

质押NEAR可获11%年华收益。

META是Metapool平台的原生治理通证,可以投票决定协议的质押收益分成比例。早期,用户在Metapool除了可获得质押收益率外,还可以获得该协议的原生通证META奖励。但今年2月,质押奖励中的META部分已暂停,目前仅为与stNEAR兑换的相关资产池(stNEAR—NEAR)提供流动性的用户分配META奖励。

根据Defillama数据显示,目前Metapool平台上质押的NEAR价值为1.26亿美元。

一站式DeFi平台Ref.finance

Ref.finance(REF)是Near主链上首个去中心化的AMM(自动做市商)交易应用,最早上线于2021年4月,并获得了Near基金会的官方支持。

Ref.finance旨在构建一个集交易、借贷及Near生态资产发行于一体的一站式DeFi平台。该平台在2021年12月上线了稳定币兑换池功能,支持用户以最低滑点及费用快速兑换稳定币。

Ref.finance

与以往的DEX不同,Ref.finance在资产兑换路径上做了优化,它内置了「聚合交易功能」,集成了Near和Aurora上的DEX流动池交易数据,通过智能路径功能,该应用程序会自动为资产兑换用户找到最佳的兑换路径,包括将一笔交易拆分到多个池中,或者一笔交易中包含多个实现流程等。

比如,将100NEAR兑换为USDC时,为了时时帮用户找到低滑点的兑换路径,这笔交易可能被拆分为两部分,其中90NEAR先兑换为DAI,然后再由DAI兑换为USDC,路径为NEAR-DAI-USDC;而另外10NEAR可能会先兑换为USDT,再兑换为USDC,路径为NEAR-USDT-USDC。

REF是Ref.finance的原生通证,发行总量为1亿。目前,用户可以通过为平台的流动池提供流动性来获取REF奖励。

根据Defillama数据显示,目前Ref.finance应用的TVL为2.08亿美元,REF暂报4美元。

交易量最大的DEXTrisolaris

Trisolaris是NEAR生态中的TVL和交易量最大的去中心化交易应用(DEX),它运行在Aurora网络上,也是该网络上的第一个DEX。该DEX主要支持Near和Aurora网络上的原生资产兑换,并支持所有与EVM兼容的Layer1层公链资产跨链至Aurora网络上。

Trisolaris页面

需要注意的是,Trisolaris由于建立在Aurora网络上,使用时支付的GAS费是ETH,这意味着用户只要有ETH,就可进入Near生态,降低了Near生态的参与门槛。

4月3日,Trisolaris获得了由ElectricCapital牵头的450万美元战略投资,官方表示,将利用这笔资金扩大团队,继续投资关键产品。

根据Defillama数据显示,目前Trisolaris应用的TVL为2.89亿美元。

资金池借贷平台Burrow

Burrow(BRRR)上线于3月29日,它是Near主网上的去中心化借贷平台,借方和贷方通过流动性资金池进行交易,每笔贷款和借款的利率根据资金池的供需变动来确定,类似以太坊上的借贷协议Compound。

Burrow以释放「生息资产」的流动性来提高用户资金利用率。所谓「生息资产」,可以简单理解为能带来收入的资产,通常由锁仓链上原生资产而获得。你可以把它理解为原生资产因锁仓而获得的存款凭证或收据,也有人将它称为「生息债券」的Token化。

Burrow允许用户将他们的「基础资产」先转化为生息资产,支持生息资产作为「抵押品」借出其他资产,通过充分利用生息资产以循环借贷的方式提高资金使用效率。

如用户持有NEAR,可以先在Metapool平台质押成stNEAR,每年赚取约11%的利息;然后将stNEAR存入Burrow获取利息收入,或者将stNEAR作为抵押品,借出其他资产。

Burrow存贷收益情况

同以太坊上的借贷应用Aave一样,Burrow采用了「超额抵押」的方式来维持资产的安全系数并使之处于健康范围。对于每个资产的抵押率,Burrow引入了资产波动率概念,即每一种资产都有属于自己特性的价格波动范围,然后根据价格波动范围来计算波动率。当其它因素稳定时,当波动率较大的资产当作抵押资产时,资金的利用率都更低。

3月29日,Burrow宣布在Near主网上线,并于次日宣布完成一轮500万美元融资,资方包括DragonflyCapital、ParaFiCapital、IOSGVentures等。

目前,Burrow支持用户存入NEAR、stNEAR、ETH、USDC、USDT、DAI和wBTC等资产赚取利息,或作为抵押物借出所需资产。

截至4月21日,Burrow中共有存款4.32亿美元,借款2.81亿美元。

借贷应用Bastion

Bastion是搭建在Aurora网络上的借贷应用,借贷利率由资金池的资产供需决定。

它类似于Compound,用户存入加密资产后,会获得一个存款凭证cToken。cToken也相当于一个生息资产。随着时间的推移,基础资产的利息收入增加,那么cToken的价值就越高。当用户把cToken兑换回基础资产时,将收到比最初存入的更多的基础资产。当借款人想要借出其他资金时,需要先存入加密资产转化为cToken,然后把cToken当作抵押物,借出所需资产。

Bastion虽在借贷机制上与Compound类似,但又在产品功能上改善了用户体验。它上线了稳定币兑换池,支持稳定币、cToken、封装资产、质押资产的低滑点兑换。用户在Bastion一个平台上就可以实现借贷、交易等过程。

用户在Bastion平台上存入资产可获得利息收入,也可以把存款凭证cToken与同类资产组合去提供流动性,以赚取交易手续费。

比如,小明持有NEAR。在以往的借贷协议中,小明可以存入NEAR获得存款凭证cNEAR。此时,cNEAR要么作为抵押物,用于借出其他资产;要么可持续持有,获得存入NEAR的利息收入。但在Bastion平台,小明可以先把NEAR兑换为质押凭证stNEAR,然后把stNEAR存入Bastion获得cstNEAR,持有的cstNEAR可以与NEAR相关的同类资产组对,比如cstNEAR-stNEAR、cstNEAR-cNEAR、cstNEAR-NEAR等,然后为这些资产池提供流动性,以获取流动性奖励。

如此一来,小明的基础资产NEAR「一资多用」,同时获得了质押收益、存款利息、交易手续费三重收入,提高了资金的利用率。

Bastion运营数据

Bastion于3月7日上线,并于3月23日宣布完成了一轮由ParaFiCapital领投、DCG参投的融资。

上线不到3周就获得资本加持,有不少用户认为,这主要归功于Bastion平台原生通证BSTN的发行方式。Bastion没有采用以往DeFi协议惯用的「空投」方式,而是采用「Lockdrop锁仓空投」形式,即用户需要先锁仓资产到Bastion,锁仓时间为1-12月,到期后可获得BSTN奖励,并取回原有资产。锁仓时间越长,获得的BSTN越多。这种空投方式大量遏制了羊毛党,也为平台积累TVL留足了时间。

Bastion推出锁仓空投后吸引了大量的资金,形成了对其它借贷应用的资金「吸血」效用,一度将它推上了Near生态应用中的TVL冠军宝座。

目前,Bastion中存款价值为4.28亿美元,4月21日,该应用宣布推出BSTN,并将于次日在Trisolaris上开始交易。

借贷平台AurigamiFinance

Aurigami(PLY)是运行在Aurora网络上的借贷应用,用户可以使用它赚取存款利息或借出加密资产,借贷利率同样是根据资金池的资产供需随时变化。

在Aurigami应用中,存款人存入加密资产后会获得一个存款凭证auToken,它也是一种生息资产,用户可以凭借它按需提取存入的资产。另外,AuToken可交易和可转让。借款人想要在Aurigami上借出资产,需要存入平台支持的资产作为抵押品,当然,它同样属于超额抵押借贷。

Aurigami借贷数据

Aurigami是Near生态中较早期的借贷应用。今年2月6日,该应用宣布已获得了由PolychainCapital、AlamedaResearch、CoinbaseVentures等加密知名风投机构给予的投资支持,具体金额并未透露。

此外,在4月22日-5月6日期间,Aurigami会开启价值250万美元的NEAR(约为14.5万个)超级奖励,用户在平台存入加密资产,可获得除了利息收入之外NEAR奖励,每个借贷资金池的奖励分配权重各不相同。

这个举措更像是对借贷赛道的后来者Burrow、Bastion的反击之策。由此可见,Near链上的借贷应用TVL之争还将继续。

目前,Aurigami的总存款价值为2亿美元,总借款价值为9700万美元。

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