BNB Chain Releases Research Report, Exploring the Path to Post-Quantum Cryptography Migration for BSC

链捕手Published on 2026-05-18Last updated on 2026-05-18

Abstract

BNB Chain has released a new research report exploring a potential migration path for BNB Smart Chain (BSC) to post-quantum cryptography (PQC). The study assesses the feasibility and performance impact of replacing traditional blockchain cryptography with quantum-resistant alternatives, aiming to ensure long-term network security. Key areas evaluated include post-quantum transaction signatures (proposing ML-DSA-44), validator signature aggregation, transaction verification, public key storage, and cross-regional network performance under increased data loads. A major finding is that while technically feasible now, achieving PQC-readiness involves significant scalability trade-offs. Test data showed transaction size increased from ~110 bytes to ~2.5 KB, block size grew from ~110 KB to ~2 MB, and native transfer TPS decreased from 4,973 to 2,997. The primary performance bottleneck was identified as increased network transmission overhead due to larger data volumes, rather than the signature verification process itself. Notably, the pqSTARK aggregation technique proved efficient, compressing validator signatures at a ~43:1 ratio, which helps manage consensus layer overhead. The report clarifies this is a research-oriented exploration, not a response to an imminent threat, and notes that areas like P2P handshakes and KZG commitments require further study and broader ecosystem coordination.

BNB Chain, a leading global Layer1 blockchain ecosystem, has released a new research report aimed at assessing how the BNB Smart Chain can migrate its core cryptographic systems to post-quantum (quantum-resistant) alternatives in the future. The report explores the practical implementation paths and performance impacts of replacing traditional blockchain cryptography with quantum-resistant methods, including adopting ML-DSA-44 as the transaction signature scheme and using pqSTARK for validator consensus signature aggregation.

Although quantum computing is not yet capable of practically breaking the cryptography of production-level blockchains in real-world systems, this research reflects a forward-looking layout for infrastructure resilience and long-term network security. The report evaluates several core areas of the BSC technical stack, including:

·Post-quantum transaction signature schemes

·Validator signature aggregation

·Transaction validation process

·Public key storage schemes

·Cross-regional network performance under increased data load

One key finding is that, technically, achieving post-quantum readiness is currently feasible but requires significant trade-offs in scalability. Test data shows:

·Transaction size increased from approximately 110 bytes to about 2.5 kilobytes

·Block size increased from approximately 110 kilobytes to about 2 megabytes

·TPS for native transfers decreased from 4,973 to 2,997

The report notes that the main performance bottleneck is not the signature verification itself, but the increased transaction and block sizes leading to higher cross-regional network transmission overhead.

At the same time, pqSTARK aggregation technology was proven to remain efficient. Validator signatures were compressed at a ratio of approximately 43:1, which helps keep consensus layer overhead manageable despite increased signature sizes.

The report also points out that several areas, including P2P handshakes and KZG commitments, with their post-quantum alternatives, were not within the scope of this evaluation. Migration in these areas requires broader ecosystem coordination and further research.

BNB Chain emphasizes that this work is intended as a research and evaluation exploration, not in response to any imminent security threat. The full report can be accessed by clicking here.

About BNB Chain

BNB Chain is one of the world's largest and most active blockchain ecosystems, supported by a global community of developers and users. With high throughput, low transaction costs, and full EVM compatibility, BNB Chain provides scalable application support for finance, gaming, and the broader Web3 economy.

Related Questions

QWhat is the main purpose of the research report published by BNB Chain?

AThe main purpose of the report is to explore and evaluate the potential migration path for BNB Smart Chain's core cryptographic systems to post-quantum (quantum-resistant) alternatives, ensuring long-term cybersecurity and infrastructure resilience.

QAccording to the report, what is a key finding regarding the technical feasibility of achieving post-quantum readiness?

AA key finding is that achieving post-quantum readiness is technically feasible currently, but it requires significant trade-offs in scalability, including a notable increase in transaction and block sizes and a reduction in native transfer TPS.

QWhich specific post-quantum cryptographic methods did the report explore for BSC?

AThe report explored using ML-DSA-44 as a transaction signature scheme and using pqSTARK for aggregating validator consensus signatures.

QWhat was identified as the primary performance bottleneck when migrating to post-quantum cryptography on BSC?

AThe primary performance bottleneck is not the signature verification itself, but the increased overhead in cross-regional network transmission caused by the larger transaction and block sizes.

QWhat efficiency benefit was demonstrated by the pqSTARK aggregation technology mentioned in the report?

AThe pqSTARK aggregation technology efficiently compresses validator signatures at an approximate ratio of 43:1, helping to manage the increased overhead at the consensus layer despite larger signature sizes.

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