比特币重回19000美元,2023年适合上车吗?

Odaily星球日报Published on 2023-01-13Last updated on 2023-01-13

Abstract

链上数据显示比特币处于“潜在底部” 。

今天凌晨,比特币强势突破 19000 美元,ETH 站上 1400 美元,其他币种也多有不同幅度的上涨,加密总市值重回 9000 亿美元。

就连此前一直处于严重折价状态的灰度比特币信托基金(GBTC),也在本周一上涨了 12% ,创下该基金自 2022 年 2 月以来的最大单日涨幅。目前,GBTC 净值折价率从年初的 45.1% 下降至目前的 38.8% ,ETHE(灰度以太坊信托基金)净值折价率从年初的 59.3% 下降至 51% 。

种种迹象似乎在暗示,加密市场正迎来复苏。「牛回速归」等口号响彻各大社交媒体,乐观情绪下的加密投资者貌似又充满了信仰。

不过,相对冷静克制地分析市场: 2023 年全球加息步伐虽会放缓,但流动性依然不佳,金融市场很难大幅度反弹;另外随着三箭资本、Genisis、FTX 等众多加密大公司破产,加密市场处于消化影响阶段,也很难有足够的资金推动急剧上涨。此外,链上数据显示,一些巨鲸开始增持 BTC;从周期来看, 2023 年更像是 2015 年,“这也意味着我们或许将在 2023 年 8 月左右触底”。

一、加密总市值冲击万亿美元大关

2023 年开年,加密市场迎来“小小阳春”。

比特币从年初的 16534 美元持续走高,并在今天突破 19000 美元,年内累计涨幅 9.4% ,目前暂报 18800 美元;ETH 累计涨幅 17.1% ,目前暂报 1402 美元。

纵览其他加密货币,市值前五十的币种中,除稳定币以外,过去 24 小时都录得不错的涨幅;过去 7 天,涨幅普遍在 10% ~ 20 以内。从板块来看,「流动性质押解决方案」备受市场关注,过去 7 天板块整体涨幅 26.3% ,该板块「三驾马车」 Lido DAO(LDO)、Rocket Pool(RPL)以及 Frax Share(FXS)年内累计涨幅分别是 91.5% 、 43.3% 以及 37.1% 。

受此影响,整个加密市场市值升至 9247 亿美元,时隔一个月再次重回 9000 亿美元,正向万亿美元大关发起冲击;从年初以来,加密总市值上涨 962 亿美元,累计涨幅 11.6% 。加密用户交易热情明显上升,今日恐慌与贪婪指数为 30 ,等级仍为“恐慌”,但相较于一周前恐慌程度有所下降。

此外,主流机构对灰度产品兴趣增加,例如摩根士丹利欧洲机会基金透露,本月已购买价值 360 万美元的灰度比特币信托基金 GBTC。这些机构的行动,直接推动 GBTC 在本周一(1 月 9 日)上涨了 12% ,创下该基金自 2022 年 2 月以来的最大单日涨幅,表现优于比特币等其他风险资产。数据显示,GBTC 的资产净值折价率已经从上个月的 49% 下降至目前的 38.8% ;灰度以太坊信托基金(ETHE)净值折价率从年初的 59.3% 下降至 51% 。

目前灰度基金总持仓 161.91 亿美元,主流币种信托折价率如下:ETC(-69.11% )、LTC(-56.21% )、BCH(-52.63% )、ZEC(-44.24% )、MANA(-11.76% )、XLM(-21.66% )、ZEN(-38.96% )、LPT(-44.56% )、BAT(-50.26% ),唯二两个正溢价的产品是 LINK(6.29% )以及 FIL(74.64% ) 。

加密相关上市企业也受上涨行情影响,近一周股价普遍涨幅在 10% 以上。其中,矿机第一股嘉楠科技(NASDAQ: CAN)股价上涨 29.8% 暂报 2.52 美元;美国合规加密平台 Coinbase(NASDAQ:COIN)股价上涨 31.6% 暂报 43.79 美元;最大比特币持仓上市公司 MicroStrategy(NASDAQ:MSTR)股价上涨 24.4% 暂报 194.76 美元;矿企 Argo Blockchain(LON: ARB)今年股价最高上涨超过 122% ,目前涨幅仍有 56.2% 。

二、分析师们的后市预判

大多数时候,要想知道未来行情能否上扬,需要透析到过去熊市根因的影响退散程度。过去一年加密市场表现不佳,可以追溯到几个原因。

首先,宏观经济条件的直接影响加密市场,包括地缘政治不稳定、俄乌之战造成的市场混乱、COVID-19 大流行以及全球央行持续加息,特别是美联储去年一年加息七次,极大降低了全球金融流动性,加密市场亦难以独善其身。

ARPA、Bella Protocol 创始人 Felix Xu 分析称,美联储的终端利率是 5% ,目前已经达到 4.25% 至 4.5% 的水平,虽然 2023 年加息的步伐会放缓,但流动性依然不佳。“ 2023 年的流动性略好于 2022 年,为价格创造了一些支撑,但大幅反弹似乎不太可能。”

Felix Xu 补充说,从周期来看,目前加密市场更像是处于 2015 年,而不是 2019 年。“因为美联储不太可能像 2019 年那样降息 ,这也意味着我们或许将在 2023 年 8 月左右触底。”(注:可参考「年度最大回撤」的数据: 2015 年为 80% , 2019 年为 82% , 2023 年到目前为止为 76% 。)

彭博社加密市场分析师 Jamie Coutts 认为:“ 2023 年很可能仍然是风险资产(衰退)问题重重的一年,但我们的全球流动性措施开始出现好转,这为 BTC 创造了顺风条件,也是新周期的试探性开始。”

与 Gokhshtein 一样,风险投资者 Tim Draper 同样对 2023 年的行情比较看好,其认为 BTC 将飙升至 25 万美元, 2024 年比特币减半也将推动其价格上涨。“比特币为人们提供了一种绕过中间商的途径。与美元相比,零售商在每笔比特币交易中可以节省大约 2 %的成本,一旦零售商们意识到这 2 %可以让他们的利润翻倍,比特币将无处不在。”

除了宏观因素外,加密市场自身也存在众多阻碍因素影响行情上涨。过去的 2022 年,加密市场公司或项目破产事件频发,Terra、三箭资本、Celsius Network、Genisis、FTX 等一系列黑天鹅事件,直接导致比特币自 2020 年以来首次跌破 2 万美元并持续了几个月。当前,众多公司破产带来的影响仍在被市场持续消解。比特币作为一种受流动性和情绪驱动的高度波动的风险资产,只有当市场情绪恢复后才有大幅上涨的可能。

另外,加密市场对 DCG 是否会暴雷的关注度也很高。根据目前各方信息汇总,DCG 短期债务规模为 5.25 亿美元(2023 年 5 月到期),长期债务规模为 11 亿美元(2032 年到期);DCG 官方并未公布目前持有资产价值,只是对外声称其股份价值 100 亿美元。正是这种信息不透明,让投资者对 2023 年的市场预期并不乐观,因而选择持仓观望。

渣打银行全球研究主管 Eric Robertsen 认为,比特币在 2023 年将继续下跌,可能会暴跌 70% 至 5000 美元。他补充说,如果加密货币行业在 FTX 崩盘后出现更多破产,以及美联储决定持续加息,比特币可能会崩盘。

三、链上数据:BTC 巨鲸正在加仓

关于比特币的一些链上数据,或许可以给我们增加一些对未来的信心。

首先,已实现损失显示比特币可能已经触底。每一次比特币价格触底,都是以长时间的强制抛售和已实现损失的增加,即持币者投降出售代币。根据 Glassnode 数据,去年 6 月以及 11 月发生了两次历史性规模的投降事件,特别是 FTX 事件导致单日损失 44.3 亿美元,创造新的历史记录。

此外,Glassnode 观察发现,已实现利润与已实现亏损之间的比率在去年 11 月创下历史新低,此前类似幅度的比率低点出现在 2011 年、 2015 年和 2018 年熊市的周期底部;随后出现宏观趋势转变,次年都开始了牛市。该报告指出,在趋势逆转之前,市场修整可能会持续几个月。

其次,从持币时间来看,超过 75% 的地址持币时间超过 6 个月没有移动代币,可能表明持有者将其视为长期投资。

最后,比特币巨鲸开始囤币。根据 Santiment 数据,持有 1000 到 10000 枚 BTC 的鲸鱼地址在 12 月份并不活跃;但从 1 月 5 日以来,这些地址开始增持,累计 BTC 持有量增加了大约 20, 000 枚 。Santiment 数据显示,这些地址目前 BTC 总持有量达到 457 万个,占流通供应量的 23.7% 。此外,超过 10, 000 BTC 的巨鲸地址——这些地址大多属于交易所和“财富阶层”,例如 Michael Saylor,拥有大量 BTC 风险敞口,在过去两个月持币数量增加了 20% 以上,这可能表明最富有的人正在加仓。

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