Криптовалюты растут быстрее инфляции, а традиционные активы нет

CryptoSlatePublished on 2022-12-26Last updated on 2022-12-26

Abstract

Помимо того, что пандемия 2020 года поставила мир в тупик, она привела к крупнейшей в истории программе фискального стимулирования.

Помимо того, что пандемия 2020 года поставила мир в тупик, она привела к крупнейшей в истории программе фискального стимулирования.

Два крупнейших центральных банка мира, Федеральная резервная система США и Европейский центральный банк (ЕЦБ), менее чем за год удвоили свои балансы. Федеральная резервная система США увеличила свой баланс с чуть более 4 триллионов долларов на конец 2019 года до более 8,7 триллионов долларов на конец 2020 года.

Европейский центральный банк за год увеличил свой баланс с 5 трлн долларов до более чем 9 трлн долларов. Между тем, Банк Японии был более консервативен в отношении своего баланса, добавив около 1,5 трлн долл. США за год, и таким образом его баланс вырос почти до 7 трлн долл. США в 2021 году.

Отчеты по балансам ФРС США, ЕЦБ и Банка Японии (Источник: GnS Economics)

Исторически беспрецедентная программа стимулирования привела к стремительной инфляции, которая еще не достигла своего пика. Индексы потребительских цен по всему миру неуклонно растут с 2020 года и набрали темпы во втором квартале 2022 года.

Чтобы сдержать рост ИПЦ, центральные банки по всему миру спешно повышают процентные ставки и делают кредиты более дорогими. С начала 2022 года инфляция в США росла такими угрожающими темпами, что Федеральная резервная система приступила к самому быстрому в современной истории повышению процентных ставок.

График изменения ставки по федеральным фондам с момента начала повышения процентных ставок (Источник: Федеральная резервная система США)

Если посмотреть на однозначный рост ИПЦ в США, то невозможно понять, насколько высока инфляция на самом деле. С 2020 года в процентном выражении цены на многие товары выросли на трехзначную величину, в том числе цены на газ за два года выросли более чем на 233%. Цены на пшеницу, кукурузу и хлопок выросли более чем на 100%.

Изменение цен на сырьевые товары и потребительские товары в США (Источник: Interactive Investor)

Для традиционных финансовых активов последние пара лет также были отмечены невероятной волатильностью.

Nasdaq и S&P 500 сумели продемонстрировать скромный рост, который в прошлом году более или менее соответствовал инфляции: первый вырос на 27,6%, а второй – на 28%.

Для золота минувший год был относительно ровным – цена на драгоценный металл увеличилась всего на 7,23% с 2020 года.

С января 2020 года стоимость долгосрочных казначейских облигаций США снизилась более чем на 39%, что свидетельствует о потере доверия инвесторов к государственным облигациям сроком более 20 лет.

С другой стороны, криптоиндустрия и компании, работающие в ней, не только обогнали инфляцию, но и оставили глотать пыль почти все традиционные активы.

С января 2020 года Ethereum и Bitcoin подорожали почти на 496,15% и 107,02% соответственно.

Акции Marathon Digital, одной из крупнейших публично торгуемых майнинговых компаний, выросли на 302,81%, а акции Tesla за тот же период подорожали почти на 170%.

Другие крупные криптовалютные и связанные с криптовалютами компании также выросли в цене: Microstrategy Майкла Сейлора выросла более чем на 20%, а акции Silvergate – почти на 10%.

График, показывающий темпы роста с января 2020 года по декабрь 2022 года для ARKK, MSTR, MARA, SI, SQ, BTCUSD, ETHUSD, NASDAQ, XAUUSD, SP500, TLT, TSLA и GBTC (Источник: TradingView CryptoSlate)

Однако, есть в криптоиндустрии те, кого можно назвать неудачниками. ARK Innovation ETF, фонд, отслеживающий деятельность компании Кэти Вуд Ark Invest, упал более чем на 40% за два года.

Square, финансовая технологическая компания Джека Дорси, показала убыток в 18,32%.

Биткоин-траст Grayscale потерял почти 50% своей стоимости по отношению к cстоимости чистых активов биткоина с 2020 года. До пандемии GBTC торговался с 20% премией к рыночной цене Биткойна.

Автор: Andjela Radmilac. Источник: CryptoSlate.

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