年终盘点|2022 年十大加密行业受关注事件

Foresight NewsPublished on 2022-12-21Last updated on 2022-12-21

Abstract

我们将把时间拉回 2022 年全年,重新审视魔幻又真实的一年。

2022 年,我们见证了以太坊合并后开启的新篇章,见证了 Layer2 和新公链的茁壮成长,见证了 NFT 的辉煌与降温,也同样见证了 Terra 和 FTX 帝国的戏剧性崩塌时刻以及随之而来的行业「余震」。

通过以下十个事件,我们将把时间拉回 2022 年全年,重新审视魔幻又真实的一年。

Ronin 被盗逾 6 亿美元成 DeFi 史上最大攻击事件

3 月 23 日,NFT 游戏 Axie Infinity 侧链 Ronin 验证器节点和 Axie DAO 验证器节点遭到入侵,Ronin 桥被盗 17.36 万枚 ETH(当时价值逾 5.9 亿美元)和 2550 万 USDC,为 DeFi 史上损失金额最高的安全攻击事件。

Yuga Labs 构建元宇宙生态金字塔

2022 年最引人注目的 NFT 项目当属 Yuga Labs,其代表性 NFT 项目 Bored Ape Yacht Club(BAYC)在今年 3 月份高调推出 APE 代币,今年 5 月初,BAYC 地板价一度突破 150 ETH,按 ETH 本位创下历史新高。

Yuga Labs 也通过元宇宙平台 Otherside 的土地 Otherdeed 的公开销售筹集到当时价值超 3.2 亿美元的 APE 代币,Otherdeed 在启动当日地板价一度接近 8 ETH,目前地板价在 1.3 ETH 左右。

3 月份,Yuga Labs 还从 Larva Labs 手中收购了 CryptoPunks 和 Meebits 这两个头部 NFT 系列,包括品牌、艺术版权和其他知识产权。除了收购之外,Yuga Labs 的 IP 生态系统也在不断增长,数量从八月份的 80 增加到 11 月份的 190 以上。

比特币迈阿密大会和以太坊 Devcon 6

Bitcoin 2022 大会和以太坊开发者大会 Devcon 6 是行业内本年度最受关注且规模空前的两场大会,也吸引着传统主流行业的目光。

Bitcoin 2022 大会于美国当地时间 4 月 6 日至 9 日在迈阿密召开,吸引了数万名与会者参与。在本场大会中,MicroStrategy 主席兼 CEO Michael Saylor、Blockstream CEO Adam Back 、萨尔瓦多总统 Nayib Bukele、美国参议员 Cynthia Lummis 以及「木头姐」ARK CEO Cathie Wood 等嘉宾也进行了观点分享。

大会精彩时刻包括迈阿密市长揭幕「世界加密货币之都」的「迈阿密公牛」雕像、Strike 公布的让美国商家通过闪电网络接受比特币的新合作等。

一年一度的以太坊开发者大会 Devcon 由于疫情原因时隔三年于 10 月 11 日至 14 日在哥伦比亚首都波哥大举行,以太坊联合创始人 Vitalik Buterin、以太坊基金会执行董事 Aya Miyaguchi 等发表演讲。本届 Devcon6 中,Layer2、以太坊合并、零知识证明、公共物品等引发了热烈讨论。

Terra 崩盘奠定熊市基础

今年 5 月份的 Terra 崩盘可谓是加密行业内最具灾难性事件之一,从生态巅峰到开始的 UST 轻微脱锚,再到陷入死亡螺旋、双币几近归零,生态数百亿市值在数日内蒸发殆尽,震波殃及许多机构和加密项目,如:Jump Crypto 因本次 UST 脱锚事件损失数亿美元,Hashed 或损失逾 50 亿美元,币安 16 亿美元投资浮盈归零,Avalanche 损失约 6000 万美元,Delphi 相关投资已完全亏损……

尽管 Terra 重启新链,但重塑曾经辉煌时刻的可能性几乎为零。回顾后半年加密行业的发展,Terra 崩盘在一定程度上加剧了市场整体的流动性危机和奠定了熊市基础。

Terra 最大投资者之一的 Three Arrows Capital 也因此深陷流动性危机,最终走上破产之路。Three Arrows Capital 今年 2 月向 LUNA 投入 2 亿美元,在 LUNA 上的持有量一度达到 50 亿美元,但这些数字在几日之内灰飞烟灭。根据 The Block 披露,Three Arrows Capital 欠 27 家加密公司共 35 亿美元,组成债权人委员会的 Genesis 母公司 DCG、Voyager、CoinList、Blockchain.com 和 Matrixport 均受到了非常大的负面影响。

而 BlockFi 此前向 3AC 提供了约 10 亿美元的贷款,抵押品是三分之二的比特币和三分之一的 GBTC,抵押率为 130%,受此影响,BlockFi 已进行了清算。雪上加霜的是,BlockFi 确认对 FTX 及其关联实体有重大风险敞口,并暂停提现和申请了破产保护。据 BlockFi 申请破产重组的文件显示,其债权人超 10 万名,对前 50 大债权人的负债规模约 13 亿美元。

受 Terra 崩盘影响最大的另一平台为 Celsius,自 UST 脱锚开始,资金开始加速撤离 Celsius,为了应对提现和获得流动性,一方面,Celsius 大规模抛售 BTC、ETH 等资产,另一方面通过 AAVE、Compound 等 DeFi 协议抵押资产,借出 USDC 等稳定币。然而,stETH 脱锚以及 ETH、BTC 价格持续下跌,让其不得不增加资产抵押,同时不断的提现需求又会减少其流动资产。7 月中旬,Celsius 为了所有利益相关者实现价值最大化而申请破产。

有趣的是,根据《纽约时报》,FTX 创始人 SBF 或是 LUNA 崩盘的幕后黑手,两位知情人士透露,美国曼哈顿联邦检察官已经开始调查 SBF 和他的对冲基金 Alameda 是否在今年五月利用市场操纵交易手段导致 TerraUSD 和 LUNA 崩盘,导致产生多米诺骨牌效应并引火烧身,最终引发 FTX 破产。

Optimism 和 Arbitrum:Layer2 赛道领跑者

今年夏天,Optimism、Arbitrum、zkSync 引发了整个加密社区的热议和参与,6 月初,Optimism 宣布发行代币 OP 并进行追溯空投,成为新 Layer2 赛道中最先发币的项目之一,也象征着以太坊扩容开启的新篇章。

Arbitrum 在 6 月份发起的奥德赛活动因太过火爆导致被官方叫停,已向参与首周活动的超 42.8 万个地址分发 NFT。此外,Optimism 与 Galxe(原 Project Galaxy)发起的 Optimism Quests 活动也在持续进行中。

Optimism、Arbitrum、zkSync、StarkNet 等 Layer2 网络着实已从 Layer1 网络中夺走一定市场份额,L2BEATS 数据显示,截止撰稿时,L2BEAT 数据显示,所有 Layer2 锁仓额达到 42 亿美元,其中,Arbitrum One 占据超一半份额,达到 22.7 亿美元,Optimism 锁仓额为 11.3 亿美元。

Tornado Cash 遭制裁引发监管和隐私热议

2022 年 8 月 8 日,美国财政部将 Tornado Cash 列入制裁名单,禁止美国公民使用。Tornado Cash 开发者 Alexey Pertsev 也被荷兰当局逮捕。随后几天,开始有项目方对 Tornado Cash 相关地址进行封禁或列入黑名单。

不过,也有多位加密行业内人士表示 Tornado Cash 开发者被捕是对自由社会的威胁。Tornado Cash DAO 成员也发起提案,筹集资金聘请法律团队对抗美国财政部的制裁;美国国会议员 Tom Emmer 就 Tornado Cash 遭制裁也致信耶伦称,「技术是中立的,对隐私的期望是正常的」;包括 Coinbase 两名员工在内的六人向美国德克萨斯州西区地方法院就财政部将 Tornado Cash 列入制裁名单的决定提起诉讼,Coinbase 将对诉讼提供财务支持。

以太坊合并预示 2.0 时代开启

以太坊合并是以太坊的重要里程碑之一。北京时间 2022 年 9 月 15 日 14:42:42,以太坊完成合并进程,共识机制正式从工作量证明(PoW)转为权益证明(PoS)。

根据 ultra sound money 数据,合并之后,在 11 月份中下旬,以太坊供应量还持续实现过一段时间的通缩,合并之日至 11 月 17 日 ETH 减少达 6188 枚,合并至今,ETH 供应量增加了 1435 枚。

Aptos 等新公链浪潮角逐

Aptos 作为由 Meta 稳定币项目 Diem 前团队成员开发的明星公链,在团队、年内总计 3.5 亿美元的融资背景以及性能等方面具备先天优势,再加上空投预期让 Aptos 的出场可谓众星捧月。

今年 10 月份,Aptos 上线主网并落地空投,向超 11 万名激励测试网申请用户和测试网 NFT 铸造用户空投价值不菲的代币。在 Aptos 主网启动前后,Aptos 生态也开始崭露头角并初具雏形,尽管当前 Aptos 生态热度有所下降,但其驱动的新公链战火却持续存在。

Diem 另一批原团队成员开发的 Sui 公链受到的关注度也水涨船高,9 月份,Sui 开发团队 Mysten Labs 完成 3 亿美元融资,FTX Ventures 领投,其他参投方包括 a16z Crypto、Jump Crypto、Apollo、Binance Labs、Franklin Templeton、Coinbase Ventures、Circle Ventures。虽然我们目前无法得知领投方 FTX Ventures 的破产申请对 Sui 的影响究竟有多大,但 Sui 在本月透露的关于「将在早期阶段向 Sui 社区成员出售 SUI 代币」的计划不禁让用户浮想翩翩。

尽管目前像 Fuel Network、Celestia、Aleo 等新公链浪潮逐步走入更多人的视野,但这些 Layer1 公链也面临着不断发展的 Layer2 以及以太坊 EIP-4844 的挑战。

香港拥抱加密行业,支持 Web3、NFT、GameFi 创新

在虚拟货币政策方面,中国香港频繁释放出开放友好、支持创新的态度。10 月 31 日,香港特区政府重磅发表虚拟资产政策宣言,为促进香港虚拟资产行业可持续发展,正与金融监管机构缔造便利的环境,并邀请交易所在香港开拓商机。除推动行业内发展之外,香港政府和监管机构自身也在 NFT、绿色债券代币化及数码港元方面进行探索和试点。

在今年的香港金融科技周上,香港证监会表示,会支持元宇宙、NFT、GameFi 创新,也将积极探索适当的代币化资产监管框架。

虚拟资产期货交易所买卖基金也是港府比较关注的一个方向,11 月初,香港证监会在发布《有关虚拟资产期货交易所买卖基金的通函》为加密货币期货 ETF 发行商制定新规则后,三星资产管理公司等三家资管公司已在香港申请推出加密期货 ETF。

在香港近日通过的《2022 年打击洗钱及恐怖分子资金筹集(修订)条例草案》中,从事经营虚拟资产交易所业务者,必须向证券及期货事务监察委员会(证监会)申领牌照。此外,持牌虚拟资产交易所及其附属公司须定期向证监会呈交其经审计帐目及财务资料。虚拟资产服务提供者发牌制度及其他有关打击洗钱及恐怖分子资金筹集要求的修订在 2023 年 6 月 1 日生效。

香港旨在成为「加密枢纽」的目标就能能否实现,让我们试目以待。

FTX 爆雷重创加密行业

FTX 爆雷是本年度发生的最惨重的「雷曼」事故之一,事件得从 11 月 2 日 CoinDesk 披露的 SBF 的 Alameda Research 存在的资债情况说起,146 亿美元资产中近半数与 FTT 及 Solana 有关。在这之后,FUD 情绪不断发酵。

直到 11 月 6 日晚,赵长鹏宣布币安将在未来几个月卖出账面上的所有 FTT,之后又打算完全收购 FTX.com 并帮助解决流动性紧缩,但考虑到用户重叠、监管等因素最终放弃收购 FTX。至此,恐慌情绪不断蔓延。

曾经市值 320 亿美元的巨头和其旗下 130 多家关联公司最终以破产清算收场,但这注定是一场波及范围很广的「地震」,FTX 和 Alameda 重点扶持的 Solana 生态损失惨重,Digital Currency Group(DCG)旗下 Genesis Trading 衍生品业务在 FTX 交易帐户中拥有约 1.75 亿美元的锁定资金,淡马锡决定全部减记向 FTX 和 FTX US 投资的约 2.75 亿美元,Tiger Global 将其 3800 万美元的 FTX 股份减记为零……

当地时间 12 月 12 日,巴哈马总检察长宣布 SBF 在巴哈马被捕,巴哈马称美国对 SBF 提起刑事诉讼,并且可能会要求引渡。

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EternaFi Agents and $AINFT: A Comprehensive Analysis of AI-Powered NFT Infrastructure in the Web3 Ecosystem The intersection of artificial intelligence (AI) and blockchain technology is rapidly evolving, establishing innovative platforms that redefine ownership models and economic participation. EternaFi Agents, along with its native token $AINFT, exemplifies a groundbreaking approach to the tokenization of AI infrastructures through the means of non-fungible tokens (NFTs). Launched in July 2025 by the development team at Nova Club, EternaFi merges the advancements of AI with the decentralized financial mechanisms of blockchain, presenting a unique investment opportunity for participants within the web3 ecosystem. This article aims to provide an in-depth assessment of EternaFi Agents, covering its core components, functionality, and significance within the crypto landscape. 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