研究了120次加密货币黑客攻击,我们能学到什么?

老雅痞Published on 2022-12-04Last updated on 2022-12-04

Abstract

在今天的文章里,我们分析了120次加密货币黑客攻击,看看它们对被攻击的加密货币的价格表现有何影响。其中一些答案可能会让你大吃一惊。

被黑客攻击,上到大公司下到小韭菜,无一例外,全是黑客的攻击目标。

在今天的文章里,我们分析了120次加密货币黑客攻击,看看它们对被攻击的加密货币的价格表现有何影响。其中一些答案可能会让你大吃一惊。

研究的结果对于持有受黑客攻击影响的加密货币,或者在黑客攻击发生后正在考虑购买这些加密货币的投资者密切相关。

不过请注意, 这不是一项学术研究。

数据集

所有关于黑客攻击的数据都来自DefiLlama的数据集。历史价格数据来自Coingecko。

在我进行分析时,DefiLlama的数据集包含了从2020年1月到2022年10月期间124次加密黑客攻击的数据。

加密黑客攻击分类和技术

在调查期间,加密货币黑客造成了517.76亿美元的损失。

在其数据集中,DefiLlama对黑客攻击的目标是基础设施、智能合约语言、协议逻辑还是多个协议(生态系统)之间的交互进行了分类。结果如下表所示。

数据显示,协议逻辑中的错误为潜在的攻击者提供了最大的攻击面,37次协议逻辑黑客攻击导致了超过20亿美元的损失。

同样,加密平台的基础设施和生态系统往往提供了黑客可以渗透的漏洞。

另一方面,“rug pull”,即项目开发商放弃一个项目,带着投资者的钱跑路是相对罕见的。

下一个图表显示了攻击者最常使用的一些技术,以及用这些技术盗取了多少钱。

令人惊讶的是,黑客往往是通过破坏项目成员和投资者的私钥而成功的。

访问控制漏洞使攻击者可以访问某些功能并执行他们本不应该执行的操作。

价格oracle操纵意味着黑客找到了操纵第三方提供给智能合约的数据的方法,以使智能合约执行特定的操作。

黑客对加密货币价格的影响

不出所料,黑客入侵的消息对受影响加密货币的价格产生了灾难性的影响。平均而言,被黑的加密货币项目在黑客攻击曝光后的头几天里损失了约50%的价值。

下面的图表显示了黑客攻击后几天价格达到局部底部的情况。资金损失的数额似乎与价格下跌无关。

为了更好地理解被黑的加密货币价格在更长的一段时间内的表现,现在让我们看看下面的时间线。

正如前面的图表所示,受影响的加密货币在黑客攻击后的头几天内大幅贬值。

令人惊讶的是,黑客攻击并不自动意味着一个项目会立即全面崩溃。大部分被分析案例在黑客攻击后出现了相对的价格恢复——在上图中显示为“peak after hack”。在某些情况下,这是众所周知的“dead cat bounce”,在其他情况下,潜在的牛市似乎是一个重要的驱动因素。

然而,绝大多数项目从未达到与黑客入侵前相同或更高的价格水平(蓝色线)。这意味着一旦信任消失,在大多数情况下,它将永远不会回来。

对于少数加密货币来说,黑客入侵后出现了价格上涨(黄线),这发生在2021年的牛市期间。然而,这些项目都无法长期保持盈利。

从长远来看,被黑的项目会大幅贬值——与被黑前的价格水平相比,它们平均损失了80%。

给投资者的启示

我从分析中得出的主要结论如下:如果你拥有一种刚被黑客攻击的加密货币——卖掉它。除了牛市之外,你不应该期望未来价格会有长期的积极发展。如果你在加密货币被黑客攻击后考虑购买它,你可能应该寻找更好的替代品。

上面讨论的黑客攻击分类和技术数据表明,许多加密项目都有严重的漏洞。作为一名散户投资者,很难在这方面审查和评估加密货币项目。这强调了可靠第三方审计的重要性。

此外,还应该仔细检查潜在的投资,并寻找有关各自项目如何应对上述挑战的信息。

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