Mango遭黑客攻击后,Solana生态中有哪些项目受到影响?

PanewsPublished on 2022-10-13Last updated on 2022-10-13

Abstract

Mango Markets具备杠杆交易和借贷功能,Solana生态中多个DeFi项目受到影响。

Mango Markets具备杠杆交易和借贷功能,Solana生态中多个DeFi项目受到影响。

10月12日,Solana生态中的去中心交易和借贷平台Mango Markets遭到攻击。攻击者通过自身的两个账户关联交易后,分别持有大量MNGO-PERP的多头和空头头寸,再将FTX、Ascendex等交易所上的价格拉高数十倍,空头账户资不抵债,但多头账户数亿美金的账面利润,使攻击者能够提取协议中的BTC、USDT、SOL、USDC等资产,最终获利约1亿美元。

事后,攻击者在社区发起提案,希望能将Mango金库中的约7000万美元用于偿还坏账,攻击者再将MSOL、SOL、MNGO发送到Mango团队的地址,并要求不被追究刑事责任。该提案的支持率虽然高达99.9%,但仍未达到通过提案所需的投票数量。Mango团队也还在和攻击者进行沟通。

由于DeFi的可组合性,Mango已经是Solana生态中较为头部的项目,具备杠杆交易和借贷功能,多个使用Mango的DeFi项目也受到本次攻击的影响,下文中PANews将盘点受影响的项目和解决方案。

UXD Protocol

UXD Protocol是一个去中心化的稳定币协议,依靠delta中性头寸来保证1 UXD能够赎回为1美元的资产。用户可以用SOL铸造UXD稳定币,对于用户,这个过程等同于直接购买,协议依靠delta中性策略来保证抵押品价值不受市场波动影响。

比如某用户在SOL价格为50美元时,以1 SOL铸造了50 UXD,协议同步在Mango上开设1 SOL的空单。当SOL价格跌至40美元时,协议持有的对应该用户铸造50 UXD的资产包括:价值40美元的1 SOL和永续合约上做空1 SOL盈利的10美元,始终保证铸造的UXD能够完全赎回。

在本次攻击中,UXD Protocol暴露在Mango中的风险头寸价值1998.6万美元。UXD Protocol保险资金的余额为5352.7万美元(来自于IDO的代币销售),完全能够赔付,UXD Protocol已经暂停了UXD的铸造。用户可以通过Jupiter等聚合交易所将UXD兑换为等值的USDC,目前UXD仍维持1美元,稳定币UXD的持有者并未受到影响。

Tulip Protocol

Tulip是一个收益聚合器,能够帮助用户将收益自动复投。Tulip上最常用的功能是杠杆挖矿和借贷,用户可以在Tulip上借入资金进行杠杆挖矿,也可以在其中存入资金获得利息收益。

在Mango的攻击中,杠杆挖矿和借贷部分并没有受到影响。但是USDC和RAY Strategy Vaults受到影响,暴露在Mango中的敞口分别为246.6万USDC和6.67万RAY。Tulip Protocol表示,如果有必要,团队有足够的资金来弥补损失。

Friktion

Friktion构建了在各种市场中产生回报的投资机会,它创建了一套原生投资组合策略Volts,可以根据不同的风险偏好选择不同的Volts,存入资产,产生被动收益。Volts的策略包括:卖出看涨期权、卖出看跌期权、delta中性策略、基差套利策略、资金保护策略。

本次受到影响的是Volt#4基差套利策略,该策略在Mango上做多SOL-PERP,再借入SOL卖掉,实现delta中性。这个策略会在永续合约交易价格低于现货价格时表现较好,因为UXD Protocol等有做空的需求,因此该策略有收取资金费用的空间。

该策略在Mango上的风险敞口约23万美元,以做多永续合约、做空现货的形式存在。目前Friktion已经关闭Volt#04前端的存款功能,Friktion受到的影响不大,团队在等待Mango的处理。

Mercurial Protocol

Mercurial是一个稳定币交易协议,为了提高流动性提供者的利润,避免流动性的闲置,Mercurial又构建了Dynamic Vaults,将资金分配到借贷协议等外部平台,以赚取额外的利息收益。Mercurial表示,未来将专注于建立Dynamic Vaults。

本次受到影响的正是Dynamic Vaults,Mango是Dynamic Vaults分配资产的借贷平台之一,Mercurial官网显示分配给Mango的流动性为92.5万美元,团队称已经通过限制存款来降低影响,但尚未表明如何处理。

Goblin Gold

Goblin Gold是一个收益聚合器,通过定制的策略产生更高的收益,希望能够构建不同风险偏好的策略并整合跨链资产。

在Mango遭到攻击时,Goblin Gold的USDC Vault正好部署在Mango上,目前只能寄希望于Mango与攻击者的谈判。

小结

攻击者通过操纵MNGO的市场价格获利,这样的攻击方法已经多次发生在Venus等借贷平台中。这些平台币的流动性通常较低,一定的资金量便可以操纵价格,因此平台在选择其作为抵押品或者开通杠杆交易时应当小心。

好在Mango金库中尚有部分资金,且Solana中的其它借贷平台并不支持MNGO作为抵押品,没有造成更大的影响。目前来看,生态中受影响最大的是UXD Protocol,虽然UXD Protocol中有足够的资金进行偿还,但UXD Protocol本身依赖于在Mango进行对冲而发行稳定币,会对UXD Protocol的机制造成挑战。

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