Ủy ban FASB đề xuất điều kiện để công nhận stablecoin tương đương tiền mặt

cryptonews.ruPublished on 2026-08-19Last updated on 2026-08-19

Abstract

Hội đồng Tiêu chuẩn Kế toán Tài chính (FASB) Hoa Kỳ đã đề xuất hướng dẫn xác định các điều kiện để doanh nghiệp có thể phân loại một số stablecoin nhất định tương đương tiền mặt theo các nguyên tắc kế toán được chấp nhận chung. Cập nhật được đề xuất bổ sung các ví dụ minh họa cho định nghĩa hiện hành nhằm giải quyết sự thiếu nhất quán trong việc hạch toán tài sản kỹ thuật số, bao gồm stablecoin, mà không thay đổi bản thân định nghĩa. Theo hướng dẫn, một tài sản kỹ thuật số đủ điều kiện phải cung cấp quyền hợp đồng để được đổi lấy một số tiền định trước trực tiếp từ tổ chức phát hành, đồng thời phải được hỗ trợ bởi dự trữ riêng biệt với tỷ lệ 1:1 bằng các tài sản thanh khoản ngắn hạn. Các ví dụ minh họa chỉ rõ: sự tồn tại của thị trường thứ cấp là không đủ nếu người nắm giữ không có quyền đòi trực tiếp từ tổ chức phát hành; và dự trữ bằng tài sản tiền mã hóa hoặc vàng sẽ không đủ điều kiện do rủi ro về định giá. Các doanh nghiệp vẫn có thể tự quyết định việc phân loại tài sản phù hợp, nhưng phải tuân thủ luật và quy định hiện hành. FASB đang tiếp nhận ý kiến đóng góp từ công chúng cho đề xuất này đến ngày 19/11. Ngày có hiệu lực chính thức sẽ được xác định sau khi xem xét phản hồi.

Hội đồng Tiêu chuẩn Kế toán Tài chính (FASB) đã đề xuất hướng dẫn xác định khi nào các công ty có thể phân loại một số stablecoin nhất định tương đương tiền mặt theo Nguyên tắc Kế toán Được Chấp nhận Chung của Hoa Kỳ.

Vào thứ Ba, FASB thông báo đang chuẩn bị cập nhật tiêu chuẩn kế toán, bổ sung các ví dụ minh họa cho định nghĩa hiện tại và loại bỏ sự không nhất quán trong việc hạch toán tài sản kỹ thuật số, bao gồm stablecoin. Bản thân định nghĩa sẽ không thay đổi.

Tài liệu chỉ rằng tài sản kỹ thuật số phù hợp phải cung cấp quyền theo hợp đồng để yêu cầu thanh toán theo yêu cầu trực tiếp từ tổ chức phát hành bằng một số tiền cố định trước, đồng thời phải có dự trữ với tỷ lệ ít nhất một đối một, được đặt riêng biệt trong các tài sản thanh khoản cao, ngắn hạn.

Một ví dụ chỉ ra rằng một thị trường thứ cấp sôi động là không đủ nếu người nắm giữ không có quyền thanh toán trực tiếp từ tổ chức phát hành. Một ví dụ khác cho thấy: dự trữ từ tài sản tiền điện tử và vàng sẽ không cho phép token được phân loại như vậy do rủi ro định giá.

Các công ty vẫn có thể tự quyết định việc phân loại các tài sản phù hợp như tương đương tiền mặt, có tính đến luật pháp và quy định hiện hành.

FASB chấp nhận ý kiến công chúng về bản cập nhật đề xuất cho đến ngày 19 tháng 11. Tổ chức này sẽ xác định ngày có hiệu lực của các thay đổi sau khi xem xét phản hồi từ các bên liên quan.

Chủ đề liên quan: Tether thông báo một công ty thuộc "Big Four" sẽ thực hiện kiểm toán đầy đủ đầu tiên về dự trữ USDT

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Related Questions

QCơ quan FASB đã đề xuất hướng dẫn gì về việc phân loại stablecoin?

AFASB đã đề xuất hướng dẫn giúp xác định khi nào các công ty có thể phân loại một số stablecoin nhất định tương đương tiền mặt theo các nguyên tắc kế toán được chấp nhận chung của Hoa Kỳ (GAAP).

QĐiều kiện chính nào để một stablecoin được phân loại là tương đương tiền mặt theo đề xuất của FASB?

AĐể được phân loại, tài sản số phải cung cấp quyền đòi lại hợp đồng trực tiếp từ nhà phát hành với một số tiền định trước và phải được hậu thuẫn bởi dự trữ với tỷ lệ ít nhất 1:1 trong các tài sản ngắn hạn có tính thanh khoản cao.

QTại sao một thị trường thứ cấp tích cực lại có thể không đủ điều kiện theo đề xuất mới?

AMột thị trường thứ cấp tích cực là không đủ vì người nắm giữ phải có quyền đòi lại trực tiếp từ nhà phát hành, chứ không chỉ dựa vào khả năng bán trên thị trường thứ cấp.

QCác loại tài sản dự trữ nào sẽ không cho phép stablecoin được phân loại là tương đương tiền mặt?

ADự trữ bao gồm các tài sản tiền mã hóa hoặc vàng sẽ không cho phép stablecoin được phân loại do những rủi ro liên quan đến định giá các tài sản này.

QAi là người đưa ra quyết định cuối cùng về việc phân loại stablecoin và FASB nhận ý kiến đóng góp đến khi nào?

ACác công ty vẫn tự đưa ra quyết định cuối cùng về việc phân loại, có tính đến luật và quy định hiện hành. FASB sẽ nhận ý kiến đóng góp công khai cho đề xuất cập nhật này cho đến ngày 19 tháng 11.

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