挖掘人工智能:为何比特币矿工改变商业模式

cryptonews.ruPublished on 2026-08-15Last updated on 2026-08-15

Abstract

许多美国大型上市矿业公司正在从单一挖矿模式转型,转向为人工智能和高性能计算提供基础设施。主要原因包括:比特币挖矿成本上升,尤其是2024年减半和2025年底币价下跌后,公开矿企一度出现亏损;而AI领域提供了巨额合同和更稳定的收入,如HUT 8和IREN分别获得了价值70亿和97亿美元的合作。矿企已有的数据中心、能源和冷却设施使其转型更具成本效益。这一转变导致比特币全网算力短期下降约28%,但已开始恢复。矿企并未完全放弃挖矿,而是调整业务重点。多数公司股价因转型而上涨,但也面临未来盈利能否覆盖新增债务等不确定性。预计到年底,这些公司大部分收入将来自AI而非挖矿。

许多美国(及其他国家)的大型上市矿业公司正在摒弃几乎完全依赖加密货币挖矿的模式。它们已将业务重心转向发展基于人工智能和高性能计算(HPC)的基础设施。其中最主要的公司包括IREN(前身为Iris Energy)、HUT 8、TerraWulf、Riot Platforms、Bitdeer和Cipher Digital。

挖矿成本上升

任何业务,包括挖矿业务,首先必须盈利。在2024年减半事件以及2025年底$BTC价格下跌之后,比特币挖矿市场的盈利出现了困难。

根据投资公司CoinShares的报告,去年最后一个季度,对于美国上市公司而言,开采市值最大的加密货币实际上是亏损的。开采1个$BTC的平均成本为79,995美元,而市场价格在70,000美元左右。TerraWulf公司甚至在某个时期开采一个币的成本高达385,000美元。换句话说,收入完全无法覆盖支出。

比特币哈希价格指数也显示出同样严峻的情况,该指数显示了每单位每秒拍哈希(PH/s)计算能力下矿工的日预期收益。今年8月,该指标接近历史最低值,约32美元。这比一年前低了近一半,比2021年峰值低了十倍多,比2017年峰值低了一百多倍。简而言之,同样的算力每年为矿工带来的收益越来越少。

来源:hashrateindex.com

这表明,大型矿业公司面临着一个现实:加密货币开采的经济可行性受到质疑。当然,上述指标并不能断定比特币挖矿突然变得普遍无利可图。需要考虑的是,不同国家和地区的矿工承担的成本并不相同:电力成本、ASIC设备成本以及税费、租金、维护人员工资等附带支出都有差异。设备也在不断发展,因此需要及时更换。对于那些无法有效覆盖此类成本的参与者来说,开采$BTC变得越来越不划算。

不过,转向人工智能还有其他原因。

资本的可用性

首先需要说明:以前开采比特币的矿工本身并不会成为人工智能运营商。他们只是将其基础设施提供给直接从事人工智能业务的公司使用。

通过提供数据中心,矿工将获得相当可观的收入,这是他们以前所无法企及的。例如,HUT 8签署了一份价值70亿美元的合同,将其部分算力设施(包括路易斯安那州的River Bend矿场)出租。这笔交易的技术合作伙伴将是创建Claude神经网络的公司Anthropic和云平台Fluidstack,而技术巨头谷歌、银行J.P. Morgan和Goldman Sacks将提供资金支持。

IREN与全球最大的软件开发商微软达成了价值97亿美元的协议。微软由此获得了基于德克萨斯州Nvidia GB-300芯片的人工智能系统的使用权。此外,IREN还将从戴尔科技额外购买价值58亿美元的图形处理器(GPU),预计每年将带来19亿美元的收入。

经济可行性

多年来专门从事加密货币开采的公司已经拥有了一定的基础设施:专用建筑、电力接入、冷却系统。将原本用于挖矿的数据中心改造成适合人工智能需求的数据中心,比微软或谷歌从头开始建造要容易。虽然未来金融科技公司可能转向自建基础设施,但目前尚未发生。

在谈论将矿场转为人工智能用途时,必须明白这并非100%的情况。有些地方会新建专门的数园区。然而,即便如此,矿工们也更有优势,因为他们了解数据中心的特殊性,在组织、运营财务和管理方面拥有经验。换句话说,大型资本有时将此类问题委托给专业公司更为有利。

Bitdeer公司在挪威Tydal市的数据园区是基础设施转型的一个例子。

ASIC的细节

现代的工业规模加密货币开采主要使用专门化的ASIC——专门为挖矿设计的设备。实际上,ASIC(专用集成电路)是为解决某一特定任务而设计的集成电路。这类芯片不仅可用于挖矿,也可用于其他需要最大限度降低特定需求设备成本的领域。

ASIC矿机本身种类繁多,这与特定代币使用的哈希算法有关。例如,比特币使用SHA-256哈希算法,而莱特币使用Scrypt算法。此类设备的制造商提供不同的、通常是不可互换的装置。

例如,制造商Bitmain推出适用于SHA-256算法的Antminer S21型号、适用于Scrypt算法的Antminer L9型号,以及适用于X11哈希算法的Antminer D9型号。简单来说,ASIC矿机是一种计算设备,去除了所有不必要的部分,提高了加密货币开采效率,从而降低了生产成本。

另一方面,先进的人工智能计算也需要其特殊的技术能力。而且,即使使用图形处理器(GPU)进行单独计算的效率也因制造商和具体型号而异,因为它们的架构有本质区别。

换句话说,仅仅将以前进行代币开采、摆放着相应ASIC设备的场所的招牌从“挖矿”换成“人工智能”是不够的。必须更换所使用的设备。

那么,美国大型矿工的转型是否对比特币造成了决定性打击?

哈希率发生了什么

$BTC的哈希率无疑受到了矿工转向人工智能的影响。从2025年10月到2026年1月,比特币哈希率的七日移动平均值下降了28%,从1.15 ZH/s降至0.83 ZH/s。不过,考虑到美国矿业公司占据了比特币总哈希率的40%,这种动态并不应令人过于惊讶。

来源:studio.glassnode.com

到2026年8月,哈希率已有所恢复。其数值在0.9 ZH/s左右波动。此外,根据CoinShares的预测,到今年年底,哈希率应突破1.8 ZH/s,到2027年底将达到2 ZH/s。

值得记住的是,转向人工智能并不意味着矿工会完全放弃开采。在大多数情况下,他们只是由于预期人工智能能带来更大利润而相应缩减了对挖矿方向的资金投入规模。

那么,如果矿工没有转向人工智能,他们可能会开采出多少比特币?

错失的比特币数量

实际上,这个问题几乎无法回答。

  • 首先,如何计算?如果矿工没有从事人工智能基础设施业务,他们就拿不到大额合同。相应地,这些资金不能计入挖矿潜在扩张的资金基础中。同样,矿业公司积极吸引的信贷资金也是如此。从这个角度看,似乎这些公司通过人工智能计算赚的钱甚至比没有转向人工智能时可能赚的还要多。

  • 其次,问题是谁错失了多少?例如,如果我们查看Riot Platforms第一季度的报告(目前尚无第二季度数据),该公司开采了1473个$BTC。这仅比2025年同期减少了57个币(下降了3.7%)。这一变化更像是统计误差,而非结构性转变。此外,矿工在不停止开采的情况下,可以放弃在挖矿领域的进一步扩张,同时将人工智能方向作为短期超高利润业务来发展。

这里还需要考虑到:如果像IREN、TerraWulf或HUT 8这样的公司没有开采$BTC,那仅仅意味着他们的资产负债表没有增加。比特币依然在被开采,只是新币没有进入这些公司的钱包,而是流向了其他矿工。每个区块的奖励仍然是固定的,随减半事件可预测地减少,变化的只是网络中的手续费数额。而且,如果部分大型参与者同时关闭其算力,在网络下一次难度调整后,其他参与者开采加密货币会变得稍微容易一些。换句话说,世界上仍然会有人开采出这些“其他人未开采的比特币”。

矿工的收入

在当前经济/地缘政治不稳定的背景下,很难谈及具体数字。只有预测值。CoinShares认为,人工智能收入在矿业公司总收入中的占比将达到70%,而年初这一比例仅为30%。换句话说,增长将是两倍。实际上,如果以前挖矿是公司的主要业务,现在它将变成辅助业务。另一方面,这并不意味着矿工一定会放弃挖矿。很可能只是会重新调整优先级。

那么,如此大规模的变化对从事加密货币开采的公司的股票产生了什么影响?

股票与向人工智能的转型

在大多数情况下,影响是积极的。自年初以来,五家公司的股价均有所上涨:IREN — 5.69%,Terra Wulf — 45.92%,MARA Holdings — 9.49%,Riot Platforms — 57.72%,Cipher Digital — 14.76%。例外是Bitdeer,其证券价格下跌了4.73%。

然而,投资者对于向人工智能转型仍存在一定的担忧。

  • 首先,目前尚不清楚这一举措在未来能取得多大成功。矿工们能否真正产生足够的利润来覆盖当前和未来的所有成本?

  • 其次,从挖矿转向发展人工智能基础设施迫使一些组织借入了巨额资金。对于TerraWulf来说是57亿美元,对于IREN来说是37亿美元。债务负担如此大幅的增长不可能不让股东感到不安。

结论

大型矿业公司之所以从单一的加密货币开采转向通过人工智能盈利,是由于经济可行性以及拥有必要的基础设施/管理模式。根据个别预测,到今年年底,他们的大部分收入将来自人工智能运营商的收入,而非挖矿。比特币的哈希率在这些公司业务转型后出现了短暂且小幅度的下降,但已经开始恢复。大多数上市矿工的股价在业务转型的背景下都显示出上涨。

本文及其所含信息不构成任何个人或其他形式的投资建议。编辑部的观点可能与分析门户网站和专家的观点不一致。


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Related Questions

Q为什么大型比特币挖矿公司开始转向人工智能和高性能计算(HPC)业务?

A主要原因是比特币挖矿的盈利能力下降,成本上升,尤其是在2024年减半事件和2025年底比特币价格下跌之后。同时,为AI/HPC公司提供数据中心基础设施能带来稳定且可观的收入,并且这些公司已有的电力、冷却系统和场地等基础设施更容易改造以满足AI需求,而无需从头建设。

Q根据文章,转向AI业务对大型比特币挖矿公司的股价产生了什么影响?

A在提到的六家公司中,有五家的股价自年初以来出现上涨:IREN (+5.69%)、Terra Wulf (+45.92%)、MARA Holdings (+9.49%)、Riot Platforms (+57.72%) 和 Cipher Digital (+14.76%)。只有Bitdeer的股价下跌了4.73%。这表明市场总体上对这一业务转向持积极态度。

Q大型挖矿公司转向AI后,比特币的哈希率(算力)发生了怎样的变化?

A从2025年10月到2026年1月,比特币的7天移动平均哈希率下降了28%,从1.15 ZH/s降至0.83 ZH/s。这主要是因为美国挖矿公司贡献了全球约40%的哈希率。但到2026年8月,哈希率已开始恢复,约为0.9 ZH/s。预测显示,到2027年底哈希率可能达到2 ZH/s。

Q文章中提到,ASIC矿机和用于AI计算的GPU有何关键区别?

AASIC矿机是为执行特定加密哈希算法(如SHA-256)而高度专业化的硬件,效率极高,但用途单一。用于AI计算的GPU(图形处理器)则是更通用的并行处理器,其架构和效率因制造商和型号而异。从挖矿转向AI并非简单替换标牌,而是需要更换整个计算设备核心,从ASIC换成GPU或其他AI专用硬件。

Q挖矿公司转向AI业务,是否意味着他们完全放弃了比特币挖矿?

A并非完全放弃。在大多数情况下,这些公司只是缩小了在比特币挖矿领域的投资规模,将其从主营业务转变为辅助业务。他们同时发展AI基础设施业务,以期获得更高和更稳定的利润。例如,Riot Platforms在2026年第一季度的比特币产量与2025年同期相比仅小幅下降3.7%。

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DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN): A Comprehensive Analysis Introduction to DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) is a blockchain-based project operating on the Solana network, which aims to combine the characteristics of traditional precious metals with the innovation of decentralized technologies. While it shares a name with Bitcoin, often referred to as “digital gold” due to its perception as a store of value, DIGITAL GOLD is a separate token designed to create a unique ecosystem within the Web3 landscape. Its goal is to position itself as a viable alternative digital asset, although specifics regarding its applications and functionalities are still developing. What is DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN)? DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) is a cryptocurrency token explicitly designed for use on the Solana blockchain. In contrast to Bitcoin, which provides a widely recognized value storage role, this token appears to focus on broader applications and characteristics. Notable aspects include: Blockchain Infrastructure: The token is built on the Solana blockchain, known for its capacity to handle high-speed and low-cost transactions. Supply Dynamics: DIGITAL GOLD has a maximum supply capped at 100 quadrillion tokens (100P $BITCOIN), although details regarding its circulating supply are currently undisclosed. Utility: While precise functionalities are not explicitly outlined, there are indications that the token could be utilized for various applications, potentially involving decentralized applications (dApps) or asset tokenization strategies. Who is the Creator of DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN)? At present, the identity of the creators and development team behind DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) remains unknown. This situation is typical among many innovative projects within the blockchain space, particularly those aligning with decentralized finance and meme coin phenomena. While such anonymity may foster a community-driven culture, it intensifies concerns about governance and accountability. Who are the Investors of DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN)? The available information indicates that DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) does not have any known institutional backers or prominent venture capital investments. The project seems to operate on a peer-to-peer model focused on community support and adoption rather than traditional funding routes. Its activity and liquidity are primarily situated on decentralized exchanges (DEXs), such as PumpSwap, rather than established centralized trading platforms, further highlighting its grassroots approach. How DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) Works The operational mechanics of DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) can be elaborated on based on its blockchain design and network attributes: Consensus Mechanism: By leveraging Solana’s unique proof-of-history (PoH) combined with a proof-of-stake (PoS) model, the project ensures efficient transaction validation contributing to the network's high performance. Tokenomics: While specific deflationary mechanisms have not been extensively detailed, the vast maximum token supply implies that it may cater to microtransactions or niche use cases that are still to be defined. Interoperability: There exists the potential for integration with Solana’s broader ecosystem, including various decentralized finance (DeFi) platforms. However, the details regarding specific integrations remain unspecified. Timeline of Key Events Here is a timeline that highlights significant milestones concerning DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN): 2023: The initial deployment of the token occurs on the Solana blockchain, marked by its contract address. 2024: DIGITAL GOLD gains visibility as it becomes available for trading on decentralized exchanges like PumpSwap, allowing users to trade it against SOL. 2025: The project witnesses sporadic trading activity and potential interest in community-led engagements, although no noteworthy partnerships or technical advancements have been documented as of yet. Critical Analysis Strengths Scalability: The underlying Solana infrastructure supports high transaction volumes, which could enhance the utility of $BITCOIN in various transaction scenarios. Accessibility: The potential low trading price per token could attract retail investors, facilitating wider participation due to fractional ownership opportunities. Risks Lack of Transparency: The absence of publicly known backers, developers, or an audit process may yield skepticism regarding the project's sustainability and trustworthiness. Market Volatility: The trading activity is heavily reliant on speculative behavior, which can result in significant price volatility and uncertainty for investors. Conclusion DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) emerges as an intriguing yet ambiguous project within the rapidly evolving Solana ecosystem. While it attempts to leverage the “digital gold” narrative, its departure from Bitcoin's established role as a store of value underscores the need for a clearer differentiation of its intended utility and governance structure. Future acceptance and adoption will likely depend on addressing the current opacity and defining its operational and economic strategies more explicitly. Note: This report encompasses synthesised information available as of October 2023, and developments may have transpired beyond the research period.

1.9k Total ViewsPublished 2025.05.13Updated 2025.05.13

What is $BITCOIN

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