比特币社区吵翻,读懂BIP-110引起的扩容新战

marsbitPublished on 2026-08-11Last updated on 2026-08-11

Abstract

8月10日,比特币改进提案(BIP)编辑、Ocean矿池联合创始人Luke Dashjr因推动BIP-110时越过流程并近年贡献减少,被移出编辑团队。此次事件的直接导火索是8月8日比特币网络发生的链分裂,少数节点因坚持执行BIP-110而短暂分叉,但新链仅多出一个区块后便停滞,主链迅速拉开差距。 冲突核心在于比特币区块空间的使用权。2025年10月,Bitcoin Core 30版本放开了对交易中附加数据(OP_RETURN)的大小限制,降低了非转账数据的存储成本。反对者转而使用保留旧限制的软件Bitcoin Knots,其用户占比两年内升至22%以上。BIP-110旨在将Knots的限制写入比特币底层共识规则,引发争议。 该提案将软分叉生效的矿工支持门槛从惯例的95%大幅降至55%,并设置了强制生效条款。然而自5月进入投票期,其支持率从未超过3%,主要矿池均未表态。反对者批评该提案破坏比特币的中立性,且技术上易被绕过。 分叉发生后,少数链仅获得约2.53%的算力支持,迅速被主链抛弃。主流交易平台也未予支持,与2017年比特币现金分叉时的情形截然不同。尽管最大支持矿工曾短暂恢复挖矿,但算力骤降,经济上已难以为继。提案支持者开始讨论更换工作量证明算法,以创建独立新币,但目前仍处早期阶段。 这场风波凸显了比特币网络的根本规则:代码和提案的推行,最终取决于矿工、交易平台和用户的广泛共识与选择。

8 月 10 日,长期担任比特币改进提案(BIP)编辑、Ocean 矿池联合创始人兼首席技术官的 Luke Dashjr,因推动 BIP-110 时越过讨论流程、抢先给提案编号,且近年对编辑工作贡献很少,被同僚移出编辑团队,失去编辑权限。

这场处分的导火索,是数天前那次比特币自 2017 年比特币现金硬分叉以来首次真正发生的链分裂。8 月 8 日,比特币网络在区块高度 961,632 处一分为二:一部分节点拒绝跟随主链,坚持执行 Luke 深度参与起草的 BIP-110,一项禁止交易里塞入非转账数据的软分叉提案。少数链只多出 1 个区块便彻底停滞,主链照常运转,很快甩开几十个区块。

记账空间该归谁做主

比特币平均每十分钟新增一个区块,打包一段时间内的转账记录,写满后由矿工确认、接上前一个区块。区块里多是转账信息,但只要愿意为空间付费,规则并不禁止夹带文字、图片甚至代码。

冲突的起点,是 2025 年 10 月发布的 Bitcoin Core(比特币网络使用最广的节点软件)30 版本,它放开了对「OP_RETURN」(放附加信息的栏位)83 字节容量的限制。这道限制本只是软件默认建议,取消后附加非转账数据的成本明显降低。

但一部分社区成员不认同这种放开。他们转而运行另一套软件 Bitcoin Knots,免费开源但是保留旧限制,用户比例从 2024 年初的近乎为零,两年内涨到 22% 以上。

BIP-110 正是在此背景下提出,他们想把 Knots 的限制写进比特币最底层的共识规则,让全网必须遵守。最初编号 BIP-444,草案写了要对不配合者施加「法律与道德后果」,引发反弹后删除,2025 年 12 月重新编号为 110。

一场技术讨论,就此升级成了权力争夺。

低门槛押上的信任

比特币软分叉要生效,通常需要矿工(运行专业设备替全网记账、赚取比特币奖励的人或机构)投票表态:区块里插信号标记,等信号覆盖的算力比例达到门槛,新规则才生效。历史惯例是 95% 的高门槛,意味着近乎全网矿工点头才启动新规则,目的是避免分裂。

BIP-110 却把门槛降到 55%,还加了强制生效条款:哪怕支持率没达标,运行补丁的节点也会自动拒绝不符合新规则的区块。

门槛可以写进代码,但矿工愿不愿意配合,代码说了不算。

自 5 月 1 日进入投票期,支持率从没超过 3%;临近强制生效期限的最后统计周期,支持率也只爬升到约 2.53%。

Foundry USA、AntPool 等矿池均未表态支持,投支持票的几乎全是 Ocean 矿池和部分独立矿工。F2Pool 联合创始人王纯更是公开开炮,讽刺 Luke「财务和个人信誉双双破产」,调侃他不如改用别的工作量证明算法,结果也不会好到哪去。

Strategy 创始人 Michael Saylor 列出「110 条理由」反对,他认为一旦规则可以因交易内容被过滤,比特币的中立性便被打破。安全专家 Jameson Lopp 更直接,称其「鲁莽」「注定失败」,数据可以换种编码方式绕开限制,还可能让某些交易的输出永远花不出去。

只撑了一个区块的分叉

8 月 8 日,区块高度运行到 961,632。运行 BIP-110 补丁的节点因这个区块没携带新规则要求的信号,直接拒绝承认,转而按自己的规则另出一个区块,分裂就此发生。这条新链一开始得到全网约 2.53% 的算力支持,相当于全世界每 40 台矿机只有 1 台愿意往新链记账。

但少数链只多出了 1 个区块,就再也没有更新过。算力多的链跑得快、跑得远。主链稳定十分钟出一个区块,把少数链甩到 243 个区块之外(数据源于 bip110.mempool.guide)。

日本 bitFlyer 8 月 10 日的公告只说会持续关注 BIP-110 的影响,不承诺处理方式。此外,没有一家主流交易平台表态支持少数链,和 2017 年比特币现金分叉时纷纷提前发指南完全不同。

真正要小心的是自托管又在运行 Bitcoin Knots 的节点:BIP-110 没有「重放保护」,同一笔转账两条链上可能都算数,操作不当可能重复花掉同一笔钱。

挖出那个区块的 BIP-110 最大矿工「Roughnecks」一度停止生产,8 月 10 日又改口要恢复挖矿,但彼时其信号算力已从 15 EH/s 以上骤降到 1.16 EH/s,链上依旧没有新区块。继续挖下去的经济成本已高于收益。

但支持者似乎没打算认输,提案作者 Dathon Ohm 和刚丢掉编辑身份的 Luke,真的开始讨论王纯嘲讽过的那条路径。即更换工作量证明算法,甩开专用矿机的矿工,把少数链变成独立新币,目前仍停留在讨论和代码试验阶段。

但无论走向哪一步,这场闹剧都印证了比特币诞生时就写定的规矩:规则可以由少数人起草,编辑权限也能自己开绿灯,但真正说了算的,是愿意为这条链继续烧电费的矿工,和认哪条链才算数的交易平台与用户。

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Related Questions

Q比特币社区近期争议的导火索事件是什么?

A导火索是2026年8月8日,比特币网络在区块高度961,632处发生了一次链分裂。运行BIP-110补丁的节点因主链新区块未携带其要求的信号,拒绝承认并另出了一个区块,导致比特币区块链自2017年比特币现金硬分叉以来的首次真正分裂。

QBIP-110提案的核心内容是什么?它的软分叉激活门槛设定有何特殊之处?

ABIP-110是一项旨在禁止比特币交易中塞入非转账数据的软分叉提案,试图将Bitcoin Knots软件对`OP_RETURN`字段83字节的旧限制,写进比特币底层的全网共识规则。其特殊之处在于,它将软分叉的激活门槛从历史惯例的95%算力支持率大幅降低至55%,并加入了强制生效条款,即运行补丁的节点会在到期后自动拒绝不符合新规则的区块,无论支持率是否达标。

QBIP-110提案在矿工社区中获得了多大的支持?反对的主要理由有哪些?

ABIP-110在矿工社区中支持率极低。在整个投票期间,其支持率从未超过3%,在临近强制生效期限时也只达到约2.53%。反对理由主要包括:1. 破坏中立性(如Michael Saylor认为这会根据交易内容进行过滤,打破比特币的中立原则);2. 技术无效且危险(如Jameson Lopp指出数据可换编码方式绕开,且可能导致某些交易输出永久锁定);3. 提案人信誉及流程问题(如F2Pool王纯对Luke Dashjr的个人批评)。主要矿池如Foundry USA、AntPool等均未表态支持。

Q8月8日发生的链分裂事件,其后续结果如何?这说明了什么?

A分裂出的少数链在仅多产生1个区块后便完全停滞,再也未出新区块。主链则继续稳定运行,很快在区块高度上领先了少数链243个区块以上。这说明了在缺乏广泛算力(仅约2.53%)和生态支持(主流交易平台无一表态支持)的情况下,少数派发起的链分裂无法持续。它印证了比特币网络的现实规则:最终由多数算力(矿工)和广泛的市场认可(用户与交易平台)来决定哪条链是有效的。

QLuke Dashjr在此次事件中失去了什么身份?事件平息后,BIP-110的支持者开始讨论什么新的方向?

ALuke Dashjr因在推动BIP-110时越过讨论流程、抢先给提案编号,且近年对编辑工作贡献很少,被同僚移出了比特币改进提案(BIP)编辑团队,失去了编辑权限。事件平息后,面对算力上的彻底失败,BIP-110的支持者(如提案作者Dathon Ohm和Luke Dashjr)开始讨论此前被反对者嘲讽过的路径:更换工作量证明(PoW)算法,以甩开现有专用矿机(ASIC)的矿工,试图将少数链变成一条独立的新数字货币。目前该想法仍处于讨论和代码试验阶段。

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