吉姆·克莱默计划清仓其比特币,并警告称量子公司即将破解这种加密货币

cryptonews.ruPublished on 2026-08-03Last updated on 2026-08-03

Abstract

CNBC节目《Mad Money》主持人吉姆·克莱默在7月30日采访IBM董事长兼首席执行官阿尔温德·克里希纳后表示,计划清空其比特币持仓。克里希纳警告称,量子计算可能在3到4年内挑战现代加密技术,并提及IBM在商用量子机器方面的进展。 克莱默的言论迅速在社交媒体传播,但加密社区反应冷淡,许多交易员甚至将其视为反向指标,延续了“反向克莱默”的交易传统。市场数据也显示,比特币价格在其言论后保持稳定,甚至微涨至约63,764美元。 克莱默的担忧主要基于比特币使用的ECDSA签名算法理论上可被运行肖尔算法的强大量子计算机破解。风险主要集中在那些公钥已暴露的地址上,例如重复使用的地址或采用旧格式的钱包。据估计,约有30%的比特币(约600-700万枚)属于此类“暴露”资产,其中许多是长期未动的早期钱包。 在硬件层面,尽管谷歌量子AI在2026年3月论文中估算所需的物理量子比特数已大幅降低至50万以下,但当前最先进的量子系统仍仅有数百到数千个物理量子比特,且其中符合高可靠性要求的逻辑量子比特数量极少。IBM等公司的演示虽显示进展,但距离实现有效攻击仍有巨大工程挑战。 专家普遍承认量子计算构成理论威胁,但对具体时间表存在分歧。克里希纳预计2028-2029年将出现可感知的商业影响,而许多保守研究人员则认为具有密码学意义的机器可能要到2030年代甚至更晚才会出现。克莱默提出的三年时间表远超多数技术预期。 克莱默多年来多次改变对比特币的立场,其反复无常也削弱了此次预警的市场影响力。未来关键观察点包括:比特币核心开发者是否会推进抗量子提案、克莱默是否实际抛售,以及谷歌和IBM的量子技术里程碑能否如期实现。争论焦点已不再是风险是否存在,而在于比特币的防御机制与量子技术发展谁将更快成熟。

这位CNBC节目“Mad Money”的主持人在7月30日采访IBM董事长兼首席执行官阿尔温德·克里希纳之后发表了上述言论。克里希纳警告称,投资者应对量子计算在未来三到四年内挑战现代密码学的能力保持“偏执式”的警惕,并提到了IBM在建造商用量子计算机方面的进展。

这一时间线立即引起了比特币市场观察者的关注,因为量子硬件开发的每一次重大飞跃都会重新引发同样的讨论:理论风险是否终于开始转化为工程问题,而不仅仅是学术练习。克莱默回应称,他打算完全清仓比特币头寸,理由是这项技术可能正好在这个时间范围内威胁比特币网络。

区分区块链领域的头条与现实

克莱默的评论几乎瞬间在社交媒体上传播开来,并且一如既往,反应迅速淹没了原始声明。多年来对他市场预测的观察使交易员们习惯将其视为与总体趋势相反的信号,“反向克莱默”常常成为实际的交易策略。这种模式在几分钟内再次上演:加密货币用户涌入社交媒体,发文庆祝克莱默退出比特币,而非为此感到担忧。

许多社交媒体用户对克莱默表示要出售其比特币表示欢迎。

目前没有人独立证实克莱默拥有多少比特币,或者他是否已经卖出。比特币区块链记录了每一笔交易,但不会透露谁在控制钱包,除非此人公开地址。市场往往更关注区块链上可验证的数据,而不是基于新闻标题的猜测,这有助于解释为何比特币交易在没有任何重大中断的情况下继续进行。

当然,在这些评论之后,比特币交易照常进行。价格维持在约63,764美元,显示出小幅上涨,尽管此前被称为MicroStrategy的公司Strategy在早间报告出售了大约1,638枚 $BTC。加密货币交易员的反应正如他们经常对克莱默预测所做的那样:押注于相反的方向,巩固了已成为当代市场文化一部分的“反向克莱默”交易传统。

理解真正的风险所在

克莱默的担忧涉及比特币协议用于保护所有权的数学算法。每个比特币地址都依赖于一种名为ECDSA的签名系统,该系统建立在secp256k1曲线上。一台足够强大的、运行肖尔算法的量子计算机理论上可以基于公钥计算出私钥。

实际上,这种风险集中在那些公钥已经因地址重复使用、使用过时的钱包格式、或在交易发送后到确认前的短暂时间内暴露的地址上。这种区别很重要,因为并非所有比特币都面临同等的风险。

评估硬件与威胁前景

近期,执行此类攻击所需的硬件似乎不再那么遥不可及。2026年3月发表的一篇谷歌量子人工智能文章估计,破解这种密码学可能需要的物理量子比特少于50万个,这大约是先前估计数量的二十分之一。然而,当前的量子系统仍然只有数百或数千个物理量子比特,其中只有一小部分符合更可靠的逻辑量子比特的要求,而这些是进行有意义的密码攻击所必需的。IBM展示的数十个逻辑量子比特证明了进展,但也显示了仍需进行的大量工程工作。

“沉睡”货币的重要性

风险很高,因为很大一部分比特币存储的公钥已暴露的地址上。研究人员估计,大约占总供应量30%,即约600-700万枚 $BTC 属于此类。其中大部分属于多年未曾动过的早期钱包,这带来了一个实际问题:从未移动过的货币也永远不会迁移到更新、更安全的地址格式。

专家对时间线的争议大于理论本身

关于何时可能出现能够执行此类攻击的量子计算机,专家意见分歧很大。克里希纳指出,2028年和2029年是IBM可能记录到切实商业影响的时期,而更广泛的经济影响将在稍后显现。许多保守的研究人员认为,具有密码学意义的机器可能会在2030年代甚至2040年代出现。这一威胁的存在总体上已被承认,但时间线仍然是主要争论点,克莱默的三年预测大大领先于大多数技术预期。

回顾克莱默对比特币态度的历史

多年来,克莱默对比特币的态度数次转变:他在2021-2022年熊市期间卖出,后来称其为对冲工具,现在又改变了方向。这些反复的转向有助于巩固克莱默的声誉,许多交易员将他最新的预测更多地视为市场情绪的又一个信号,而非投资建议。

追踪下一个里程碑

接下来的信号值得关注:Bitcoin Core 开发者是否会推进抗量子保护提案、克莱默是否会证实任何实际的比特币销售、以及谷歌和IBM的量子里程碑与其公开路线图中设定的时间表有多吻合。对于许多观察者来说,争论已不再是量子计算是否构成理论风险。越来越多的问题在于,这项技术还是比特币的防御机制,哪一个会先成熟。

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Related Questions

Q吉姆·克莱默计划出售比特币的原因是什么?

A因为IBM董事长兼首席执行官阿尔文德·克里希纳在采访中警告,量子计算可能在三年左右挑战当前加密技术,克莱默担心量子计算技术对比特币网络构成威胁。

Q市场对克莱默卖出比特币的言论有何反应?

A许多加密货币交易者采取了相反的操作,即所谓的“反向克莱默”交易策略,比特币价格在消息后保持稳定,甚至小幅上涨。

Q量子计算机对比特币的主要威胁是什么?

A威胁主要在于量子计算机(运行肖尔算法)理论上能够从公开的比特币地址推导出私钥,从而盗取资产,风险集中在那些公开密钥已暴露的地址上。

Q当前量子计算的发展水平距离破解比特币加密还有多远?

A根据2026年谷歌量子AI的论文,破解可能需要不到50万个物理量子比特,但目前最先进的系统只有数百到数千个物理量子比特,且逻辑量子比特数量更少,工程上仍有巨大差距。

Q专家们对量子计算威胁比特币的时间表有何分歧?

AIBM的克里希纳认为2028-2029年可能看到商业影响,但许多保守研究人员预计具有密码学意义的量子计算机可能在2030年代或2040年代出现,克莱默的三到四年预测远早于多数技术预期。

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