El Banco de Japón señala un aumento de las tasas de interés, a pesar de mantenerlas en el 1%

cryptonews.ruPublished on 2026-07-31Last updated on 2026-07-31

Abstract

El Banco de Japón mantuvo su tasa de interés básica en el 1% el 31 de julio, tras el aumento a un máximo de 31 años en junio. El voto del consejo fue 8 a 1, con un solo miembro, Hajime Takata, disintiendo y pidiendo un aumento al 1,25%. Aunque mantuvo la tasa, el banco central adoptó un tono firme, advirtiendo que la inflación subyacente probablemente se acelerará y superará el 2% en la segunda mitad del año fiscal. Sin embargo, revisó a la baja su pronóstico de inflación para el año fiscal 2026 al 2,5%, desde el 2,8% previsto en abril. Las autoridades justificaron esto señalando mayor confianza en un repunte posterior, impulsado por los costos de importación debido al yen débil y las políticas de precios corporativas. Paralelamente, se informó que el Banco de Japón intervino en los mercados cambiarios para apoyar al yen, que cotiza cerca de mínimos de 40 años frente al dólar. La debilidad de la moneda se atribuye a la amplia brecha de tasas con EE.UU., los altos precios de la energía y la cautela del mercado. Los economistas anticipan que, a pesar de mantener las tasas estables, el banco enviará señales de un posible endurecimiento futuro, mientras el presidente Kazuo Ueda busca equilibrar las presiones del gobierno y las expectativas del mercado.

El Banco de Japón mantuvo el 31 de julio su tasa de interés de referencia en el 1%, como esperaban todos los economistas encuestados, tras haberla subido en junio a su nivel más alto en 31 años. El Banco de Japón también ha intervenido en los mercados de divisas para proteger al yen, que cotiza cerca de mínimos de 40 años.

El Consejo de Política Monetaria de Japón votó 8 contra 1 para mantener la tasa de interés de referencia en el 1%. Se informó que el único miembro del consejo que volvió a manifestar su desacuerdo fue Hajime Takata, quien insistió en subir la tasa al 1,25%, ya que el pronóstico de inflación se había vuelto más severo.

Sin embargo, los economistas esperaban que la junta de directores mantuviera las tasas de interés sin cambios. No obstante, el mercado estaba interesado en qué tono adoptaría el Banco de Japón de cara al futuro. En su declaración, el Banco de Japón aparentemente adoptó una postura dura, advirtiendo en su pronóstico que la inflación subyacente probablemente se acelerará. El Banco de Japón espera que la inflación subyacente supere el 2% a partir de la segunda mitad del año fiscal.

El pronóstico inflacionario se endurece, a pesar de mantener el pronóstico existente

La inflación subyacente en Japón en julio fue del 1,6%, lo que significa que en realidad se mantuvo por debajo del objetivo del 2% del Banco de Japón durante la mayor parte del año. A pesar de la tendencia persistente, el Banco de Japón redujo su pronóstico de inflación subyacente para el año fiscal 2026 al 2,5% desde el 2,8% pronosticado en abril. Este nuevo ajuste representa una revisión a la baja, que a primera vista parece una política "dóvil".

Sin embargo, los representantes del Banco de Japón señalaron indicadores más bajos a corto plazo, expresando una mayor confianza en que el superávit ocurrirá más adelante. El Banco de Japón argumentó que este superávit estaría impulsado por el aumento de los costos de importación vinculados a la debilidad del yen, la sólida política de precios corporativos y los efectos persistentes del shock energético causado por la situación en Medio Oriente a principios de este año.

Los economistas esperaban una desaceleración a corto plazo junto con una advertencia a largo plazo, pronosticando que el Banco de Japón, a pesar de mantener las tasas de interés, planeaba enviar una señal dura.

El mercado esperaba con impaciencia la conferencia de prensa del gobernador del banco central, Kazuo, después de la decisión. Muchos creían que, a pesar de que la mayoría de los miembros del banco central votó a favor de mantener las tasas de interés sin cambios, esta política aún podría afectar drásticamente el tipo de cambio del yen.

Los analistas no estaban de acuerdo sobre si el próximo aumento de pensiones se llevaría a cabo en octubre o se pospondría a diciembre, y el desafío de Ueda era conciliar al gobierno encabezado por el primer ministro Sanae Takaichi, que no mostraba mucho deseo de un mayor endurecimiento monetario, con el mercado de bonos, que ya había descontado un endurecimiento adicional en los precios.

La intervención del yen agrega otro giro inesperado a la situación

También se informó que el Banco de Japón intervino directamente en los mercados de divisas unas horas antes de la decisión sobre las tasas de interés. Fuentes informaron que Japón intervino en Nueva York el jueves, comprando yenes y vendiendo dólares. Esta fue la primera vez en tres meses que el Banco de Japón utilizó esta táctica. El yen cayó a un mínimo de 40 años frente al dólar, lo que amenaza con aumentar aún más los precios de la energía y los alimentos importados.

En 2026, la debilidad del yen se vio exacerbada por tres factores separados. La significativa diferencia entre las tasas de interés de Estados Unidos y Japón mantuvo activas las operaciones de carry trade. Asimismo, los altos precios del combustible como resultado de la tensión en el Estrecho de Ormuz y la renuencia del mercado a responder a la disposición del Banco de Japón para cerrar la brecha con suficiente rapidez. Estos tres factores llevaron a que el rendimiento de los bonos gubernamentales japoneses a 10 años, de referencia, cayera al 2,8%, lo que indica que los inversores en bonos ya están descontando un mayor endurecimiento de la política monetaria del banco central en sus precios.

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Related Questions

Q¿Qué decisión tomó el Banco de Japón respecto a la tasa de interés básica el 31 de julio y cuál fue la previsión del mercado?

AEl Banco de Japón mantuvo la tasa de interés básica en el 1%, una decisión que estaba en línea con las expectativas de todos los economistas encuestados.

Q¿Por qué Hajime Takata, el único miembro disidente del consejo, votó en contra de mantener la tasa?

AHajime Takata votó en contra porque abogó por un aumento de la tasa al 1,25%, basándose en que las perspectivas inflacionarias se habían endurecido.

Q¿Qué señal aparentemente dio el Banco de Japón sobre su postura futura en su declaración, a pesar de mantener las tasas?

AEl Banco de Japón aparentemente adoptó una postura dura, advirtiendo en su pronóstico que la inflación subyacente probablemente se aceleraría y superaría el 2% a partir de la segunda mitad del año fiscal.

Q¿Qué acción adicional, relacionada con el mercado cambiario, tomó el Banco de Japón justo antes del anuncio de la tasa de interés?

ASe informa que el Banco de Japón intervino directamente en los mercados cambiarias, comprando yenes y vendiendo dólares en Nueva York, por primera vez en tres meses, para defender la moneda.

QSegún el artículo, ¿qué tres factores han contribuido a la debilidad persistente del yen en 2026?

ALos tres factores son: la significativa diferencia de tasas de interés entre EE.UU. y Japón que alimenta el 'carry trade', los altos precios del combustible debido a la tensión en el Estrecho de Ormuz, y la renuencia del mercado a reaccionar rápidamente a la disposición del Banco de Japón para reducir la brecha.

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