高盛研报解读:Circle 和 USDC 正走出加密世界,跨境支付与 AI 代理成新战场

marsbitPublished on 2026-07-07Last updated on 2026-07-07

Abstract

高盛7月5日发布了关于Circle(USDC发行方)的管理层会议纪要,核心观点认为稳定币正从加密生态工具转变为传统金融和AI经济的基础设施。USDC的用例已扩展至跨境支付、消费电商、资本市场结算及AI代理支付等领域,其增长已与加密货币市场周期脱钩。 管理层指出,USDC的核心竞争壁垒在于其强大的网络效应、全球流动性深度以及合规基础设施。相比之下,银行主导的“代币化存款”因存在信用风险且生态封闭,难以与开放、全储备的稳定币竞争。 Circle正在通过自研公链Arc、跨境支付网络CPN以及面向AI代理的Agentic Stack三款战略产品,构建互联网金融平台。公司认为,监管法案(如CLARITY Act)若能通过,将成为业务增长的催化剂而非约束。 高盛给予Circle“中性”评级,目标价96美元。报告也指出,USDC面临来自USDT的竞争压力,且其盈利能力高度依赖储备利息收入,利率下行将构成主要风险。

撰文:Rita

潮向导读

高盛 7 月 5 日发布了 Circle Internet Group(CRCL.US)的管理层会议纪要。Circle 是 USDC 的发行方,这场会议的核心信息是:稳定币正在从加密世界的边缘工具,变成传统金融和 AI 经济的基础设施。USDC 的用例正在快速扩展,从加密交易延伸到跨境支付、消费电商、资本市场结算,甚至 AI 代理支付。高盛给 Circle 的评级是中性,目标价 96 美元,当前股价 64.62 美元,上行空间约 48.6%。

稳定币增长已经脱离加密市场周期

Circle 管理层在会议上反复强调一个判断:稳定币的增长已经和加密市场的涨跌脱钩了。过去几个季度,加密市场交易量和价格都在下行,但稳定币的市值和交易量还在往上走。

原因在于用例的多元化。Circle 把 USDC 的应用场景分成五个层次,覆盖了从加密生态到 AI 代理支付的完整光谱。

加密生态是 USDC 的基本盘,与 Hyperliquid 等快速增长的平台合作,持续扩大流动性。

跨境支付和财资管理是目前增长最快的板块。USDC 的即时结算和极低交易成本,正在改变传统的双边跨境支付流程。Circle 提到,新兴市场对美元稳定币的需求特别强,这是一种“数字美元化”趋势,人们用 USDC 替代本地货币或不可靠的银行体系。

消费电商用例也开始成型。Stripe 和 Shopify 等主流电商平台已经开始支持 USDC 支付,用户结账时可以直接选择用 USDC 付款。稳定币关联的信用卡也在兴起,用户可以持有并消费稳定币。

资本市场的突破更为关键。Circle 看到了 USDC 作为衍生品抵押品和结算货币的潜力。最近 CFTC 批准期货佣金商将特定稳定币视为可随时变现的抵押品,这是一个重要的制度催化剂。真实世界资产代币化也在扩大 USDC 的应用场景,稳定币是链上交易的天然现金结算工具。

而 Circle 最强调的差异化场景是 AI 代理支付。AI 代理正在自主执行经济活动,x402 是目前领先的代理支付协议,USDC 占该协议上所有交易的约 99%。AI 代理需要原子结算和极低交易成本,稳定币是最合适的支付工具。

USDC 的竞争壁垒是网络效应

管理层认为,稳定币是典型的网络效应业务。USDC 的网络是公共互联网金融基础设施,任何人都可以接入,个人、企业、开发者都可以使用。

Circle 列举了 USDC 的三大竞争优势。

第一是分销和平台生态的广度。USDC 通过持续增加合作伙伴来强化流动性,形成“流动性超新星”效应。新进入的稳定币很难复制这种网络效应,因为存在冷启动问题,没有流动性就没有用户,没有用户就没有流动性。

第二是全球流动性深度。USDC 在交易所、场外交易市场、支付网络和抵押品市场都有深厚的流动性,这种深度本身就是一个护城河。

第三是合规基础设施。USDC 在多个司法管辖区都有监管布局,管理层认为这恰恰是机构采用的关键推动力,而不是约束。

关于竞争,Circle 区分了两种对手。一种是代币化存款,银行发行的数字存款凭证。Circle 认为稳定币比代币化存款更有优势,因为稳定币是开放的、可互操作的,没有银行信用风险,而且是全储备的。另一种是新的稳定币竞争者,Circle 预计会有更多新稳定币出现,但它们缺乏 Circle 十多年来积累的网络效应。

代币化存款与稳定币的差异是结构性的

Circle 认为稳定币和代币化存款的差异是结构性的,不只是谁先谁后的问题。

稳定币是公开的、开放的互联网金融系统,任何人都可以接入,流动性可以跨平台自由流动。而代币化存款更像银行体系的延伸,仍然会被困在单个银行或联盟生态内。这是两种完全不同的架构,稳定币是互联网原生的,代币化存款是银行体系的数字化升级。

另一个关键差异是信用风险。稳定币是全储备的、无信用风险的数字现金。代币化存款本质上是银行的负债,带有银行信用风险。在 Circle 看来,这个差异是根本性的。

Circle 的三款战略产品,目标是让稳定币变成操作系统

Circle 不只是一家稳定币发行商,他们正在把自己打造成一个互联网金融平台。管理层在会议上强调了三个战略产品。

Arc 是 Circle 自研的 Layer 1 公链,被定位为一个综合金融操作系统,目标是提升流动性和互操作性,尤其吸引传统金融机构。

Circle Payments Network(CPN)是跨境支付产品,通过区块链结算实现更快、更高效的跨境支付,机构采纳率正在增长。

Agentic Stack 是面向 AI 代理的产品线,目标是维持 USDC 在 AI 相关经济活动中的主导份额。考虑到 USDC 已经占 x402 协议上约 99%的交易量,这个领域的先发优势很明显。

监管是催化剂,不是约束

市场一直担心稳定币监管会限制 Circle 的商业模式,但 Circle 管理层给出了完全相反的解读。CLARITY Act 市场结构法案如果通过,Circle 认为这将是 USDC 增长的催化剂,不会成为业务约束。原因有三:法案允许发行方继续通过收入分成激励分销,Circle 可以继续扩展合作伙伴;法案可能解锁机构级别的加密采用,带来更大的稳定币使用量;法案鼓励基于使用的奖励机制,而非被动持有,这会推动 USDC 的活跃使用,减少闲置堆积。

潮向视角

高盛对 Circle 的评级是中性,但这篇纪要本身已经说明了很多问题。Circle 正在把 USDC 从一个加密交易工具扩展成互联网金融的基础设施,这个方向是对的。

值得追问的是,Circle 的护城河到底有多深?网络效应确实存在,但 USDC 的最大竞争对手 USDT 在稳定币市值上仍然领先。Circle 依赖的合规优势,在加密原教旨主义者看来恰恰是弱点,透明意味着可监管,可监管意味着可冻结。USDC 的机构化定位是一把双刃剑。

另一个值得留意的点是高盛的估值框架。目标价 96 美元对应 35 倍市盈率,但 Circle 目前的盈利能力高度依赖储备资产的利息收入。如果利率下行,Circle 的利润会直接受压,这个风险在纪要里被轻轻带过,但它对估值的实际影响比监管更大。

免责声明

本文系潮向研究对第三方券商研究报告的整理与解读。文中引述的评级、目标价、盈利预测及相关判断,均为该券商分析师的观点,仅代表其所属机构立场,不代表潮向研究的观点,也不构成任何投资建议。

市场有风险,决策需独立。本文不应作为买卖任何证券的依据。

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Related Questions

Q根据高盛的报告,Circle管理层认为稳定币增长与加密市场周期脱钩的主要原因是什么?

A主要原因在于稳定币的用例正在多元化,从加密交易延伸到了跨境支付、消费电商、资本市场结算乃至AI代理支付等领域。这些新兴的、与传统金融和数字经济结合的用例,使得稳定币的需求和交易量不再单纯依赖于加密资产价格的涨跌。

Q文章中提到USDC在AI代理支付领域的先发优势体现在何处?

AAI代理支付协议x402上,USDC占据了约99%的交易量。这是因为AI代理经济活动需要原子结算和极低的交易成本,而稳定币是目前最合适的支付工具,Circle通过其Agentic Stack产品线旨在巩固和扩大这一领先地位。

QCircle如何区分与两种主要竞争对手(代币化存款和新稳定币)的差异?

A1. 与代币化存款的差异是结构性的:USDC是开放的、可互操作的、全储备且无银行信用风险的公开互联网金融基础设施。代币化存款本质上是银行的负债,带有银行信用风险,且流动性通常受限于单个银行或联盟生态。 2. 与新稳定币的竞争:Circle认为其十多年来积累的网络效应(包括合作伙伴生态、全球流动性深度和合规基础设施)是新竞争者难以在短期内复制的核心壁垒。

QCircle除了发行USDC,还重点布局了哪三款战略产品以打造互联网金融平台?

A1. Arc:一个自研的Layer 1公链,定位为综合金融操作系统,旨在提升流动性和互操作性。 2. Circle Payments Network (CPN):专注于利用区块链结算实现更快、更高效跨境支付的产品。 3. Agentic Stack:面向AI代理支付的产品线,目标是维持并扩大USDC在AI经济活动中的主导份额。

Q文章在“潮向视角”部分指出了Circle面临的两个潜在风险或挑战是什么?

A1. 护城河的双面性:USDC最大的竞争对手USDT在市值上仍领先;同时,其依赖的合规优势(透明、可监管)在加密原教旨主义者看来是弱点,因为这可能导致资产被冻结。 2. 盈利模式的风险:Circle当前的盈利能力高度依赖储备资产的利息收入。如果未来利率下行,其利润将直接受到压力,这对估值的影响可能比监管问题更为直接和重大。

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Timeline of Classic USDC The history of Classic USDC is marked by several key milestones that reflect its journey and evolution within the cryptocurrency ecosystem: 2021: The inception of Classic USDC is noted, introducing a new digital currency option designed for stability. During this year, the first records of the token’s activity surfaced and its initial price levels were established. 2024: Classic USDC begins to experience notable price fluctuations, as the crypto market overall grapples with various trends and user sentiment. Predictions regarding its future potential emerge, indicating a strong interest from market observers and analysts who foresee growth opportunities. Future Projections Experts speculate that Classic USDC may reach higher levels of adoption and stability in the years to come, with potential further developments anticipated around 2025 and 2026. However, these projections should be approached with cautious optimism, as the cryptocurrency market is inherently unpredictable, and various external factors may influence the trajectory of Classic USDC. Key Points About Classic USDC Stability: Classic USDC’s core proposition revolves around providing a digital currency that parallels the value of the US dollar, thereby ensuring stability in an often volatile marketplace. Reserve System: The project’s commitment to maintaining a reserve of assets to back its value underscores its reliability and operational soundness. Web3 and Crypto Integration: Classic USDC is engineered to facilitate easy integration within various applications, aiming to enhance the user experience and broaden the acceptance of cryptocurrency in everyday transactions. Future Growth Potential: While still emerging, Classic USDC holds prospective avenues for growth as awareness and utilization of stablecoins increases in the web3 and crypto contexts. Conclusion Classic USDC presents itself as a notable stablecoin initiative within the cryptocurrency sphere, striving to provide users with a reliable digital currency that embodies the stability of the US dollar. Despite uncertainties regarding its creators and financial backing, the underpinning principles of Classic USDC—centered on reserve-backed assurances—endeavour to position it as a trustworthy option for individuals and businesses navigating the digital economy. With an eye towards the future, market analysts are keen to observe how Classic USDC evolves in response to the shifting dynamics of the cryptocurrency landscape, potentially establishing itself as a significant player in the realm of stablecoins.

702 Total ViewsPublished 2024.05.01Updated 2024.12.03

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