以太坊私人 NFT 交易畅想:区块链隐私是下一件大事?

去中心化金融社区Published on 2022-08-10Last updated on 2022-08-10

Abstract

关于以太坊交易隐私,以及 Vitalik 和其他以太坊成员对于私人 NFT 交易在未来可能如何发生的讨论,这些都是有争议的话题。

关于以太坊交易隐私,以及 Vitalik 和其他以太坊成员对于私人 NFT 交易在未来可能如何发生的讨论,这些都是有争议的话题,其原因是因为使用区块链,所有的交易都永远存储在一个不可变的账本中,每个人都可以随时访问交易历史,并确切地看到谁是发送者和接收者。

本篇将探索私人 NFT 交易如何在以太坊上实现,它的预期的隐私级别,以及这将如何影响以太坊在 NFT 传输之外的交易隐私。

当前的想法

在 Vitalik 的推文中,他链接到了 Ethresearch 论坛上的一个讨论话题,在那里他和其他开发人员正在探讨 ERC-721 的隐身地址的潜在实现,ERC-721 是以太坊上的标准 NFT 合约。

我将把它称为一个想法 / 建议,因为它还不是一个正式提案。正如 Vitalik 在他的推特中解释的那样,我们将能够向某人发送一个 NFT,除了那个人以外,没有其他任何人可以看到这个 NFT 的所有者。但是,由于 NFT 可以多次更改所有权,这意味着如果所有者 2 的地址被混淆,所有者 1 的地址也会被混淆,或者我们只能看 NFT 下一次交易的时间,以便查看它首先被发送给谁。

这意味着在当前的建议下,NFT 交易可以是完全匿名的:

将成为:

什么是隐形地址?

在以太坊上实现私人 NFT 交易很可能会使用隐形地址。以下解释一下它们是什么以及它们是如何工作的。

隐形地址是一种隐私驱动的技术,用于保护区块链上接收者的身份。在日常生活中,最接近使用隐身地址的可能就是手机。如果你有一部 iPhone,那么每次通过苹果支付结账时,你很可能会使用一个隐形地址。为了保护隐私和资金,Apple pay 隐藏了我们的实际银行卡信息,并使用一次性卡来记录交易。

隐形地址的工作原理与此相同,它要求发送方代表接收方为每笔交易创建一个随机的、一次性的地址,所以向同一接收方进行的不同付款是不可链接的。

根据 Vitalik 的说法,一次性地址将通过对智能合约内的新函数进行本地调用来创建:

generateSharedSecret(bytes32 key) returns (bytes publishableData, address newAddress)

发送方将发布 publishableData 并使用 newAddress 作为发送 ERC721 的地址。假设接收者将以这样一种方式编码 generateSharedSecret,他们可以使用 publishableData 和一些他们个人拥有的秘密,以便计算可以在 newAddress 访问 ERC721 的私钥钥 (newAddress 本身可能是一个基于 CREATE2 的智能合约钱包 )。

以太坊隐私的未来讨论要点

如前所述,目前只在 ERC-721 标准中讨论这一问题,但如果它确实通过了构思阶段,我们也有可能看到 ERC-20 代币的私人交易。

这引发了许多讨论点,让我们从以下问题来思考对以太坊未来区块链隐私的看法。

如果以太坊现在支持私人交易 ( 所有合约标准 ),那么为什么别人要选择公共交易?

如果我们都如此重视我们的链上隐私,为什么我们不都使用 Monero?

匿名交易会花费更多的 gas 吗?如果是的话,会增加多少?

如果匿名交易的 gas 费比普通交易高 10 倍 ( 不太可能 ),你还会使用它吗?

区块链的未来是私人的吗?为什么 / 为什么不?

在哪些最常见的情况下,你可以看到链的隐私是有必要的?

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