Celsius 前雇员揭秘:吸储118亿加密巨头破产原因

吴说区块链Published on 2022-08-10Last updated on 2022-08-10

Abstract

在这家加密货币贷款公司申请破产之前,Celsius 的问题似乎已经酝酿了多年。

概要

根据前雇员和CNBC审查的内部文件,Celsius在导致其最近的流动性问题的几年里有一系列的内部失误。

接受CNBC采访的员工描绘了一幅冒险、无序和涉嫌操纵市场的画面。

一位前雇员说:"最大的问题是风险管理的失败。"

在这家加密货币贷款公司申请破产之前,Celsius 的问题似乎已经酝酿了多年。

根据前员工和CNBC审查的内部文件,这家公司出现了一系列内部失误,导致了最近的动荡。多名员工描绘了一幅冒险、无序和涉嫌操纵市场的画面。

Celsius 前金融犯罪合规主管Timothy Cradle在接受CNBC采访时表示:“最大的问题是风险管理的失败,我认为Celsius的想法很好,他们提供了人们真正需要的服务,但他们没有很好地管理风险。”

一个月前,这家总部位于新泽西州霍博肯的公司因冻结客户账户上了头条新闻,原因是“极端的市场条件”。截至6月,它已经吸引了170万名客户和118亿美元的存款。Celsius客户告诉CNBC,他们被该公司提供的17%的加密货币存款收益率吸引。

在幕后,Celsius把这些钱借给对冲基金和其他愿意支付更高收益率的机构。内部文件显示,该公司还将投资于其他高风险加密货币项目。之后,Celsius将与客户分享这些利润。该模型随着加密货币价格的下跌而崩溃,导致多家公司冻结资产,至少三家公司申请破产。

Cradle说,他在2019年至2021年期间是一个三人合规团队的成员。这一职位要求他将国际金融法律应用于Celsius的业务。但他说,资源是有限的。

Cradle说:“合规团队的规模太小了,合规是一个花钱的地方。基本上,我们只花钱,却没有赚回任何资金。他们不想在合规上花钱。”

CNBC获得的一份公司内部文件也印证了这一说法。它表示,在评估欺诈加密货币平台时,”没有足够的合规工作人员来应对Celsius平台上的用户数量,因为只有3名全职人员。”

银行并不是你的朋友

Cradle说,他对2019年Celsius圣诞聚会上关于 $CEL 的谈话感到特别震惊。Cradle说,高管们说他们正在 "抬高$CEL代币";"积极交易并提高代币的价格";他们对此并不避讳;他们绝对在交易代币以操纵价格。

Celsius、首席执行官Alex Mashinsky和公司律师没有回应多个评论请求。

到目前为止,Celsius是$CEL的最大持有者。但根据区块链数据公司Arkham的数据,它也是一个买家。该公司估计,在过去三年里,Celsius花了3.5亿美元在交易所收购代币,尽管它自己的财政库里已经有了数十亿美元。与此同时,高管们也在出售。据Arkham称,与Alex Mashinsky有关的账户似乎已经出售或"兑换"了大约4000万美元。

Cradle和其他员工的部分工资也以$CEL的形式支付。一位前人力资源部门的员工说,这是一种吸引和保留人才的方式。这也让他们分享公司的财务收益。类似于快速增长的初创公司的股权吸引力。该代币在2020年初开始飙升,次年达到近8美元的高点。

Celsius的首席执行官是该代币的直言不讳的推动者。他每周都会在YouTube上进行更新,经常吹嘘项目的好处或 "代币经济学"。Mashinsky也以批评华尔街银行而闻名。他在公开露面时经常穿着一件黑色T恤,上面写着:"银行不是你的朋友。"

另一位不愿透露姓名的前Celsius员工说,虽然Mashinsky在诱导普通投资者购买加密货币,但他却在幕后进行出售。

这位前雇员说,由于交易量相对较小,不需要太多资金就能撼动代币的价格。据这位前雇员说,Mashinsky在没有任何公开披露的情况下出售数百万美元。

这位前雇员说:"由于$CEL的交易量很低,所以很容易操纵价格。我确信Mashinsky知道这一点。这只是一个例子,说明他为了自己的利益会公开操纵价格。"

这位前雇员的指控与前投资经理Jason Stone最近提起的诉讼相呼应。Stone 称,Celsius人为地抬高了自己的代币价格,并 "积极利用客户资金操纵加密资产市场,使其受益"。该诉讼还声称Celsius未能对冲风险,并从事相当于欺诈的活动。

内部文档细节

其他内部文件揭示了Celsius似乎在用客户资金承担一些风险。Celsius和对冲基金等贷款人能够通过投资DeFi项目获得高回报。Celsius有自己的加密货币,并依靠高收益来吸引更多的借款人。根据内部文件,Celsius将客户资金投资于多个DeFi项目。所有这些都被贴上了中度至高度风险的标签。

周三,佛蒙特州成为第六个对Celsius发起调查的州监管机构,并指出了这种投资策略。该州的金融监管部门说,Celsius"将客户资产部署在各种风险和非流动性的投资、交易和贷款活动中"。

佛蒙特州监管部门在一份声明中说:“Celsius的客户没有收到关于其财务状况、投资活动、风险因素以及对存款人和其他债权人的偿付能力的重要披露。”

Cradle还表示,许多Celsius的用户可能没有很好地掌握该公司的使用条款,这与Celsius通过其营销传播的信息相矛盾。

但是,在Celsius存入资金的风险 "隐藏在众目睽睽之下",Cradle说。该公司的使用条款第13条规定,一旦客户存入资金,这些资金就属于Celsius。

Cradle还说,他看到了该公司交易客户资金的证据,而没有披露它正在这样做。Celsius的首席执行官在Twitter上明确表示,该公司没有交易客户的资金。

Cradle说,基于他对该公司风险偏好的亲身体验,他不会把自己的钱留在Celsius。

Cradle说:"我觉得把资金留在平台上不太合适,我经常阅读使用条款,一旦你将资产存入Celsius,它们就属于Celsius,如果他们需要或想要,Celsius可以保留它们。"

内部文件也显示了多个团队的无序性的证据。一份文件显示,在一个团队的负责人不知情的情况下,由该团队撰写的政策。在一个例子中,一位顶级风险官员写道,他对另一个海外团队写的文件感到 "惊讶"。

Cradle说:"他可能对这份文件的存在感到惊讶,这就是Celsius的情况。这是左手不知道右手在做什么,这只是Celsius方面管理不善或管理不善的另一个例子。"

缺乏透明度

Cradle说Celsius缺乏透明度的一个领域是其账户数量。虽然Celsius报告了170万用户,但Cradle说这个数字是夸大的。

他说:"可能更接近于30万,因为假账户的数量非常庞大,而且管理团队没有意愿采取任何措施来真正阻止人们这么做。"

除了这个所谓的差异外,Mashinsky自己的推特帖子显示,他向客户传达的信息与幕后发生的事情之间存在反差。

在冻结提款的前一天,针对一条质疑公司财务健康状况的推特,Mashinsky写道:"你就知道有人从Celsius提款出现问题?为什么要传播FUD和错误信息?"

然后第二天,即6月12日,客户就不再被允许从他们的账户中提取资金。

公共记录显示,Celsius可能早在这之前就有财务问题。

来自联邦政府的数据显示,Celsius在2020年4月收到了价值281,502美元的薪资保护计划贷款。联邦政府将这些贷款授予受疫情负面影响的企业。

Cradle说:"这让我有点瞠目结舌,我很好奇我们是否处于盈利。"

这笔贷款被联邦政府免除了,这意味着Celsius满足了无需还款的要求。

背景调查

铤而走险也表现在Celsius的招聘过程中。人力资源团队的前高级成员Nikki Goodstein说,她在2021年5月加入时并不知道公司有任何背景调查。

她告诉CNBC,高管们特别告诉首席人力资源官不要对即将上任的首席财务官Yaron Shalem进行背景调查。2021年11月,Shalem在以色列被捕,被指控与他以前的公司有关的洗钱行为。Shalem没有对评论请求作出回应。

CNBC还试图了解该案件的情况,但在以色列法院系统中似乎没有公开。

在Celsius之前,Goodstein曾在上市的财富500强公司工作过,她说她惊讶于担任行政职务的人不会面临背景调查。

她说:"在当时,这绝对是一个程序上的空白,每个人都对他没有接受背景调查感到不安,因为如果我们有这样的程序,就不会给公司带来这样的尴尬,我们都有点蒙圈。"

Cradle说,在Celsius和另一家创业公司任职后,他不打算再回到加密货币行业。他说,在银行为储蓄支付接近于零的利息的时候,Celsius推出了一款好产品。

他说:“我认为这是一群计划不周的优秀人才,他们没有在正确的时间招聘,没有在正确的时间增加员工,没有随着公司的增长而扩大规模。这一堆错误导致结果非常悲惨。”

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