Pantera 合伙人:隐私复兴时代,这些技术正在改变游戏规则

marsbitPublished on 2025-11-22Last updated on 2025-11-23

原文标题:Privacy Renaissance: Blockchain’s Next Era

原文作者:Paul Veradittakit,Pantera Capital 合伙人

原文编译:Saoirse,Foresight News

 

自比特币诞生以来,区块链行业的核心理念始终植根于「透明性」——它是一个开放且不可篡改的账本,任何人都可查看;其信任源于「验证」而非机构声誉。正是这种透明性,让去中心化系统能够凭借诚信与问责机制正常运转。

但随着区块链技术逐渐成熟、应用场景不断拓展,仅靠「透明」已不再足够。一个新的现实正在形成:隐私保护是推动区块链走向主流的关键,且在文化、机构与技术层面,对隐私的需求都在加速增长。在 Pantera Capital,我们从一开始就坚信这一观点——早在 2015 年,我们就投资了 Zcash,它是首批尝试为不可篡改账本引入隐私保护的项目之一。

我们认为,行业正步入「隐私复兴」时代:这一时代将开放式区块链的理念与全球金融的实际需求深度融合。而在此背景下,以「保密性」为核心原则构建的隐私协议(如即将推出主网的 Zama)迎来了发展机遇。Zama 的全同态加密(FHE)技术,是推动区块链实现主流应用的「绝对堡垒」,也能在未来几年抵御量子计算带来的威胁。区块链应用仅是 Zama 全同态加密技术的一个落地领域,该技术还可拓展至人工智能(如 Zama 旗下 Concrete 平台)、云计算等其他垂直领域。

另一个值得关注的投资标的是 StarkWare——它是 zk-STARKs 零知识证明技术与 Validium 方案的发明者,为区块链隐私保护与可扩展性提供了「混合解决方案」。StarkWare 的加密技术同样具备抗量子特性,并专注于区块链应用场景,尤其是其最新推出的「S-Two 证明器」(S-Two prover),进一步提升了技术实用性。

文化转变:从「监控疲劳」到「数字主权」

全球范围内,人们对数据的认知已发生根本性转变。多年来的大规模监控、算法追踪与数据泄露事件,让「隐私」成为近十年的核心文化议题之一。如今用户逐渐意识到:不仅信息与交易记录,就连元数据也可能泄露个人身份、财富、位置与人际关系等私密细节。

「隐私保护 + 用户对敏感数据的所有权」,已成为新的行业常态——这也是 Pantera Capital 看好的方向,为此我们投资了 Zama、StarkWare、Transcrypts 与 World 等项目。随着公众隐私意识不断提升,区块链行业必须正视一个事实:数字货币需要「保密性」,而非「全程可追溯」。在这样的环境下,隐私不再是小众需求,而是推动「数字主权」发展的重要组成部分。

机构转变:缺乏隐私的透明性无法支撑规模化应用

越来越多机构开始进入区块链生态:银行、汇款平台、支付处理商、企业与金融科技公司纷纷开展试点,准备在代币化资产、跨境结算与多司法管辖区支付网络中处理实际交易量。

但这些机构无法在「完全透明的公共账本」上运作——企业现金流、供应商网络、外汇风险敞口、合同条款与客户交易记录,绝不能向竞争对手或公众公开。企业需要的是「可选择性透明的保密性」,而非「完全暴露」。

这正是 Zcash 等早期先驱项目奠定的基础。2015 年 Pantera Capital 投资 Zcash 时,我们就意识到:隐私并非意识形态层面的偏好,而是实际经济活动的必要条件。Zcash 的核心洞见在于:隐私保护不能「事后添加」到系统中(尤其是采用零知识证明技术时),而必须嵌入协议核心——否则,后续使用会变得极为困难、脆弱且低效。

Zcash 于 2016 年作为比特币分叉项目推出,它引入的 zk-SNARKs 技术,既能隐藏交易细节,又能保证交易的完全可验证性。此外,混币协议 Tornado Cash 也是链上隐私发展的重要里程碑:随着人们寻求打破公链交易关联性的方法,该协议曾出现大量实际用户活动。

Zama

Tornado Cash 在制裁前后的 USD 流入量变化(数据来源:TRM Labs)

但 Tornado Cash 的模式存在缺陷:它仅强调强隐私保护,却缺乏「选择性披露机制」,最终导致政府机构对其发起高调法律行动——尽管该项目是自主运行的代码,仍被迫实质暂停。这一结果印证了一个关键教训:隐私保护不能以「可审计性」或「合规路径」为代价。

这也正是 Zama 全同态加密技术的核心价值所在:全同态加密支持在「加密数据」上直接进行计算,同时保留「选择性验证与披露信息」的能力——而这是 Tornado Cash 等混币协议从设计之初就不具备的功能。

全同态加密的重要性,从科技巨头的布局中可见一斑:苹果、微软等公司均在投入资源构建全同态加密框架。它们的投入传递了一个明确共识:对于消费者与机构而言,「可扩展、合规、端到端的加密技术」是数字隐私的未来。

隐私需求正加速爆发

数据印证了这一趋势:聚焦隐私保护的加密资产,正获得用户与投资者更多关注。但真正的转变并非由散户投机驱动,而是源于「隐私与透明必须共存」的实际应用场景:

• 跨境支付对区块链的依赖度日益提升,但企业与银行无法公开每一条支付路径;

• RWA 需要对「持有情况」与「投资者身份」进行保密;

• 全球供应链金融中,交易双方需要验证事件(如货运、发票、结算),但不能泄露商业机密;

• 企业级交易网络需要「审计机构与监管方可见、公众不可见」的模式。

与此同时,散户用户也对「高监控性公链」愈发不满——在这些公链上,只需简单工具就能还原交易关系图谱。如今,「隐私保护」已成为用户对数字货币的核心期待之一。

简而言之,市场正逐渐认同一个事实:无法提供保密性的区块链,在机构规模化应用中会受到结构性限制。

Canton、Zama、StarkWare 与新一代隐私架构

随着隐私复兴时代到来,新一代协议正应运而生,以满足机构需求。

以 Canton 区块链为例,它凸显了企业对「共享结算层上私有交易执行」的需求增长。这类系统允许参与者进行私密交易,同时享受「全球状态同步」与「共享基础设施」的优势——Canton 的发展充分说明:企业希望获得区块链的价值,同时避免业务数据公开暴露。

但私有计算领域最具变革性的突破,可能来自 Zama——它在隐私技术栈中占据着独特且更具可扩展性的位置。Zama 正在打造基于全同态加密(FHE)的「保密层」,支持在加密数据上直接进行计算。这意味着,整个智能合约(包括输入、状态与输出)都能保持加密状态,同时仍可在公共区块链上验证。

与「隐私优先的 Layer1 公链」不同,Zama 可兼容现有生态系统(尤其是以太坊虚拟机 EVM)——这意味着开发者与机构无需迁移到新链,只需在现有开发环境中接入隐私功能即可。

Zama

使用全同态加密(FHE)的私有智能合约(数据来源:Zama)

Zama 的架构代表了区块链隐私保护的下一个演进方向:不再是简单隐藏交易,而是实现「规模化私有智能合约」。这将解锁全新应用场景——包括私有 DeFi、加密订单簿、保密型现实世界资产发行、机构级结算清算流程与安全多方业务逻辑——且所有场景都无需牺牲去中心化特性,其中部分应用有望在短期内落地。

当前,隐私资产正获得更多关注:机构积极评估保密层技术,开发者希望在「无链下系统延迟与复杂性」的前提下实现隐私计算,监管机构也开始制定框架,区分「合法保密工具」与「非法混淆手段」。

展望未来

区块链行业的隐私叙事,已不再是「透明与保密的对立」,而是意识到:二者都是 DeFi 下一个时代的必要条件。文化态度、机构需求与加密技术突破的叠加,正重塑未来十年区块链的演进方向。

Zcash 从协议层面证明了隐私保护的必要性;Canton 等协议体现了机构对「保密交易网络」的需求;而 Zama 正在构建基础设施,有望将这些需求整合为「跨链通用可扩展隐私层」。

Pantera Capital 早期投资 Zcash,源于一个简单的信念:隐私保护不是「可选项」。近十年后,这一观点的相关性愈发凸显——从代币化资产到跨境支付,再到企业结算,下一波区块链应用落地的关键,在于实现「安全、无缝、私密」的技术体验。

随着隐私保护成为本轮市场周期的核心主题,那些能提供「实用、可扩展、合规保密方案」的协议,将定义行业未来格局。其中,Zama 作为「隐私超级周期」中极具潜力与时效性的领军者,正脱颖而出。

 

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October 10, 2024: The research paper was made publicly available on arXiv, offering an in-depth exploration of the framework and its performance evaluation based on the OSWorld benchmark. October 12, 2024: A video presentation was released, providing a visual insight into the capabilities and features of Agent S, further engaging potential users and investors. These markers in the timeline not only illustrate the progress of Agent S but also indicate its commitment to transparency and community engagement. Key Points About Agent S As the Agent S framework continues to evolve, several key attributes stand out, underscoring its innovative nature and potential: Innovative Framework: Designed to provide an intuitive use of computers akin to human interaction, Agent S brings a novel approach to task automation. Autonomous Interaction: The ability to interact autonomously with computers through GUI signifies a leap towards more intelligent and efficient computing solutions. Complex Task Automation: With its robust methodology, it can automate complex, multi-step tasks, making processes faster and less error-prone. Continuous Improvement: The learning mechanisms enable Agent S to improve from past experiences, continually enhancing its performance and efficacy. Versatility: Its adaptability across different operating environments like OSWorld and WindowsAgentArena ensures that it can serve a broad range of applications. As Agent S positions itself in the Web3 and crypto landscape, its potential to enhance interaction capabilities and automate processes signifies a significant advancement in AI technologies. Through its innovative framework, Agent S exemplifies the future of digital interactions, promising a more seamless and efficient experience for users across various industries. Conclusion Agent S represents a bold leap forward in the marriage of AI and Web3, with the capacity to redefine how we interact with technology. While still in its early stages, the possibilities for its application are vast and compelling. Through its comprehensive framework addressing critical challenges, Agent S aims to bring autonomous interactions to the forefront of the digital experience. As we move deeper into the realms of cryptocurrency and decentralisation, projects like Agent S will undoubtedly play a crucial role in shaping the future of technology and human-computer collaboration.

559 Total ViewsPublished 2025.01.14Updated 2025.01.14

What is AGENT S

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