VanEck最新报告:这波暴跌,原来是这群人在砸盘!

比推Published on 2025-11-21Last updated on 2025-11-21

来源:VanEck

作者:Patrick Bush,Matthew Sigel

原标题:VanEck Mid-November 2025 Bitcoin ChainCheck

编译及整理:BitpushNews


比特币的抛售是由中期持有者驱动的,而非长期巨鲸,期货市场在关税驱动的清算后显示出深度超卖状况。

(注:VanEck 持有比特币风险敞口。)

关键要点

  • 长期巨鲸仍在持有,5年以上的币龄代币持续增长。

  • 抛售集中在中期持有者,而非最古老的钱包。

  • 期货市场似乎已清洗完毕,资金费和未平仓合约处于超卖水平。

比特币(BTC)投资者感到恐惧

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资料来源:Glassnode,截至 2025年11月13日。过去表现不能保证未来结果。并非旨在推荐买卖本文提及的任何证券。

ETP 流出驱动早期疲软

过去30天的价格走势对持有者尤其不友好,BTC下跌了13%,伴随的是动机强烈的抛售。

自2025年10月10日起,BTC ETP 余额流出了49.3千枚BTC,约占管理总资产(AUM)的-2%,因在价格峰值附近买入的弱势持有人在降息不确定性和AI叙事动摇中选择了投降。

更令人担忧的是,许多人将价格疲软归咎于早期的BTC巨鲸。

例如,一个"中本聪时代"的巨鲸在2025年11月14日当周出售了价值15亿美元的BTC,清空了他的整个钱包。许多人认为,资深的巨鲸通常通过在关键时点买卖BTC来预示BTC的长期走势。因此,加密货币社区变得看跌,恐惧/贪婪指数在关税恐慌开始时跌至2025年3月以来的最低水平。

较小巨鲸在1-2年内积累、而最大巨鲸在卖出;近期净变化持平

巨鲸头寸长期减少,短期增加

image.png

资料来源:Glassnode,截至 2025年11月13日。过去表现不能保证未来结果。并非旨在推荐买卖本文提及的任何证券。

与其假设近期的疲软源于大额持有者的抛售,不如仔细审视跨群体资金流的完整分布情况。

链上情况显示的是比简单的"巨鲸抛售"更为微妙的轮动。如果我们观察持有超过1,000 BTC的巨鲸持仓,可以清楚地看到他们自2023年11月以来一直在减少其BTC风险敞口。

事实上,持有10K-100K BTC的巨鲸在过去6个月和12个月分别减少了-6%和-11%的供应量。这部分供应已被持有100至1,000 BTC的"小鱼"们吸收。这类较小的投资者在过去6个月和12个月分别增加了+9%和+23%的持仓。作为背景参考,BTC本身在过去两年上涨了约170%。

比特币期货(BTC)未平仓合约在11月增长+6%

image.png

资料来源:Glassnode,截至 2025年11月13日。过去表现不能保证未来结果。并非旨在推荐买卖本文提及的任何证券。

短期巨鲸转为净买家

短期数据则讲述了不同的故事:一些巨鲸群体一直在积累。持有10K–100K BTC的群体在过去30天、60天和90天分别增加了约+3%、+2.5%和+84个基点(bps)的持仓。这可能反映了关税驱动的抛售及随后的清算,这在12小时内使BTC期货未平仓合约减少了约19%,并将价格推低了20%以上。

最老的BTC巨鲸在持有而中期交易者在抛售

image.png

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资料来源:Glassnode,截至 2025年11月13日。过去表现不能保证未来结果。并非旨在推荐买卖本文提及的任何证券。

中期持有者是真正的抛售者

然而,仅仅按持有者规模分析"巨鲸数据"提供的是一幅不完整的图景。这种观点忽略了经验丰富的年长巨鲸将其代币转移给新的、初出茅庐的持有者这一轮动现象。为了加深我们的理解,我们按"最后活跃转移时间"检查比特币余额,该指标指示代币最后一次转移后经过的时间。转移的隐含意义是这些代币很可能被出售给了不同的持有者。

在过去30天内,抛售压力集中在<5年币龄的群体,而较老的代币大多保持或增加了其持仓。有趣的是,在过去6个月中,所有权从(3-5年)群体转移到了(6个月-2年)群体,这标志着资金从中期持有者向新参与者的转移。

在较老的群体中,即那些代币最后一次移动发生在>5年前的持有者,代币周转率相对于其他群体仍然较低。相比之下,最大的流失发生在最后一次移动时间为3-5年前的代币中,该群体在每个研究期间都持续下降。过去两年中,这部分代币的供应量下降了32%,因为这些代币被发送到了新地址。鉴于这些代币中有许多可能是在上一个比特币周期的低迷期积累的,它们的持有者似乎是机会主义的周期交易者,而非长期投资者。

与此同时,最后一次移动时间 >5年前的代币净增加了+278K BTC(与两年前相比)。这种增长反映了较年轻的代币老化进入5年以上类别,而非重新积累,但这仍然表明长期巨鲸的持续信念。虽然更细粒度的分析可能会产生额外的见解,但总体趋势仍然令人鼓舞:最长线的持有者继续在积累和持有。

BTC期货基差处于2023年秋季以来最低水平

image.png

资料来源:Glassnode,截至 2025年11月13日。过去表现不能保证未来结果。并非旨在推荐买卖本文提及的任何证券。

期货市场显示投机活动重置

衡量投机情绪的最佳指标之一是愿意做多比特币永续期货的交易者所支付的年化基差成本。由于永续合约永不交割,其价格通过向交易的一方收取利息来与现货价格保持一致。如果永续合约价格高于现货价格,则多头方必须向空头方支付与现货/永续价格差异幅度相关的利率。由于加密货币具有不对称的上行潜力,永续合约基差几乎总是正值。

在对像BTC这样的加密货币多头需求较低的时期,基差会崩溃。最近,我们看到了比特币永续合约未平仓合约的急剧崩溃,自2025年10月9日起以BTC计下降了-20%,以美元计下降了-32%。这部分解释了资金费率的急剧崩溃。当然,如果人们对BTC看涨,这个利率会迅速攀升。

过去,BTC价格的长期下跌往往伴随着投机活动冲顶的结束,当时某些日子的永续合约资金费平均达到40%。

自2024年3月以来,我们还未看到这种资金费的加速增长。然而,为了让情况更复杂一些,重要的是要记住,像Ethena这样的项目以及复杂的交易者已经积累了大量的现货做多加密货币和永续合约做空的基差头寸。

仅Ethena在2025年10月就达到了140亿美元的总锁定价值(TVL),此后其TVL已崩溃至83亿美元。这些大规模的基差交易可能会人为压低资金费率,使得该指标不再有效。

尽管有此提醒,但我们刚刚目睹的这种程度的资金费率崩溃通常与超卖状况相关。当我们同时看到永续合约未平仓合约出现最近发生的这种剧烈程度的崩溃时,尤其如此。此外,NUPL(未实现净盈利/亏损比率)已触及战术性超卖水平,与2025年春季关税恐慌和2024年8月日元崩盘期间所见水平相当。我们认为,掌握了这些数据后,投资者在经历了一个月的剧烈抛售后,可以采取更具战术性的看涨策略。

比特币链上变化月度仪表盘和亮点

截至2025年11月14日

image.png

注:30天变化和365天变化是相对于30天平均值,而非绝对值。

资料来源:Glassnode,截至 2025年11月13日。过去表现不能保证未来结果。并非旨在推荐买卖本文提及的任何证券。


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说明: 比推所有文章只代表作者观点,不构成投资建议

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